<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
	<title>Articles</title>
	<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html</link>
	<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 21:46:53 +0000</pubDate>
	<ttl>86400</ttl>
	<description>Manage articles</description>
	<item>
		<title>Honorary Member: Fred Chamberlain (boundlesslife)</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/honorary-member-fred-chamberlain-boundlesslife-r62</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_rel_module=post&attach_id=11036' class='bbc_url' title=''>View attachment: fred.jpg</a><br />
<br />
In the early 1970's Fred Chamberlain, together with his wife Linda founded the cryonics corporations Manrise and the  Alcor Society for Solid State Hypothermia,  The latter continues until today as the Alcor Life Extension Foundation one of a very few <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/science/templates/cryonics-r40' class='bbc_url' title=''>cryonics providers</a>.   <br />
<br />
Fred joined LongeCity in 2005 as <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/user/2827-boundlesslife/' class='bbc_url' title=''>boundlesslife</a> and shared his thought and experiences with the community over the years.  <br />
<br />
He was placed in cryostasis at Alcor on 22 Mar 2012. <br />
<br />
Suspension case report: <br />
<a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_rel_module=post&attach_id=11037' class='bbc_url' title=''>View attachment: casereportA1002FredChamberlain.pdf</a><br />
<br />
His wife Linda remembers him in an 'Ode to Fred' <br />
<a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_rel_module=post&attach_id=11035' class='bbc_url' title=''>View attachment: OdeToFred.pdf</a><br />
<br />
<br />
He was elected honorary lifetime member for 'services to cryonics'.]]></description>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Apr 2013 22:02:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">82aa4b0af34c2313a562076992e50aa3</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title><![CDATA["Healthy Aging" is not enough]]></title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/action/brokenportal2010</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<style>
<!--
.borderwrap
{
    background: #FFF;
    border: 0px solid #FFF;
    padding: 0px;
    margin: 0px;
}

.quotesub    { font-family: Eras Demi ITC; font-size: 9pt; color: #000035; text-align: right; }
.Quote       { font-family: Eras Demi ITC; color: #000035; text-align:left; font-size:10pt }
.ipbtable
{
    width: 100%;
}

table.ipbtable
{
    background: transparent;
    color: #222;
    font-size: 11px;
    line-height: 135%;
}

.post2
{
    background: #F5F9FD;
}

.ipbtable td
{
    padding: 3px;
}

.postcolor
{
    font-size: 11pt;
    line-height: 120%;
    font-family: times new roman, arial;
    color: #000035;
}

-->
</style>
<B>A Response to the "Compression of Morbidity" Mindset </b>
<br><BR>
<table border="0" width="520" id="table1" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3">
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p class="Quote">"...there is no basis for the ardent hopes and positive 
        statements made as to [its] safety and success[..], and [..] therefore, 
        it would be a wrong, whether wilful or unknowing, to lead the people 
        and perhaps governments at this time to believe the contrary;..." </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p>I will come back to this quote shortly. 
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        The popular and wide spread article about the need to support and 
        fund the compression of morbidity called the "Longevity Dividend" is a 
        good example of a solid piece detailing a need to fight aging. In it, 
        the authors show the viability of slowing the aging process, urge people 
        to support it, urge the government to direct funds to it, and urge 
        places like the NIH to reserve more resources for it. <br><br>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/aging1_01.gif" width="212" height="178" align="left" hspace="4" vspace="4">However, they don’t push for indefinite health-spans or indefinite life 
        extension, here after referred to as indefinite life extension. They 
        push rather for the 'compression of morbidity', or in other words, for 
        more healthy years in the last period of a person’s average, traditional, 
        70- to 90- year life span. 
<br><br>
        <p class="Quote">“This compression of mortality and morbidity would create financial gains not only because 
        aging populations will have more years to contribute, but also because 
        there will be more years during which age-entitlement and healthcare 
        programs are not used.”</p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub">S. Jay Olshansky, Daniel Perry, Richard 
        A. Miller, Robert N. Butler, 2006 </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>At the same time the authors work to discredit the pursuit of indefinite 
        life extension. They suggest that altering genes would 
        not be practical, useful, or ethical. They call indefinite life 
        extension unrealistic and suggest that it is not feasible. Although they 
        are not focused exclusively on compressing morbidity, as much of the 
        gerontology community has been, they are still mired in old-school 
        thinking. 
<br><br>

        The overall mindset includes older academic scholars who have grown 
        through the younger, naïve dreaming stages (where people tend to think 
        more about things like indefinite life extension) into the realm of more 
        realistic endeavours like the compression of morbidity. <br><br></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td bgcolor="#000035">
        <font face="Lucida Sans" size="5" color="#FFFFFF"><p align="center">In response</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <br></br><td valign="top">
        <img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/post-523-1274298469.jpg" width="121" height="102" align="left" hspace="4" vspace="4"><p class="Quote">We must never forget that we 
        are cosmic revolutionaries, not stooges conscripted to advance a natural 
        order of things that kills everybody.” </p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub"> Alan Harrington<p>Achieving indefinite life extension is the most important, urgent, 
        and time-sensitive cause ever undertaken in the history of humanity, and 
        with all due respect, sentiments like those expressed by proponents of 
        the compression of morbidity, though very noble and well meaning, are 
        misleading and harmful to this cause.<br><br>
        Regardless of whether we ultimately find that we can achieve indefinite 
        life extension or not, we need to go all the way and see. Our lives- 
        this amazing shot at this incredible mysterious existence- depend on it. 
        We can not afford to sell ourselves short on this. <br><br>
        If life is practical and useful, if choosing life over death is ethical, 
        then whichever functional constructive approach to creating its 
        indefinite healthy extension that we discover will be practical, useful, 
        and ethical as well. Life is those things. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>People are right when they say that it is not productive or healthy 
        to over hype this cause, or anything for that matter. Incidental 
        examples are not representative. Also we cannot afford to confuse this 
        cause's efforts with hype when they are not. This is a real, urgent, 
        life-or-death cause. Its components are by their very nature demanding, 
        large, and extraordinary. They require reciprocating reflection, 
        dialogue, and action. <br><br>

        This is more than a scientific endeavour; this cause demands work, 
        development, and in depth sociological reform as well. The two need to 
        work together and acknowledge each other, rather than occasionally (and 
        some times more often) misunderstand each other. We work to help 
        facilitate these and other aspects more fluently, as we continue growing 
        toward where humanity needs this cause to go. <br><br></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td bgcolor="#000035">
        <p align="center">
        <font size="3" color="#FFFFFF"><br>The number one reason why we need to choose indefinite life extension over the compression of morbidity is this:</font><p align="center">
        <font color="#FFFFFF" face="Perpetua" size="4"><b>We don’t have to know we can get there to go there, 
        <br> but we do have to go there to get there.</b></font></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><br></br>Compression of Morbidity isn’t a bad thing per se. However, 
        portraying to the public that indefinite life extension is not in the 
        cards is.
        <br><br>
        If people think that they can not get indefinite life extension in 
        time for them, they won’t fight nearly as hard as this cause needs them 
        to.<br><br>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        People like Dr. Aubrey de Grey of the SENS Foundation, who work 
        on strategies for ending aging, say that the first person to live to 
        1,000 <i>might</i> be 60 years old now. He’s not s<img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/ending_aging_book_lrg.jpg" width="165" height="227" align="left" hspace="5" vspace="5">aying that the first 
        person to live to 1,000 <i>is</i> alive now. There’s a big difference. 
        “Might” means go and see; “is” means go and get. We aren’t going there 
        to get indefinite life extension; we are going to see if it is there to 
        get or not. Organisations like ImmInst, stress that the world can see 
        indefinite life extension if it supports this goal with urgency. <br><br>
        <p>When something is this important, allowing people to open their 
        minds to the realities that breakthroughs may be around the corner is 
        important. 
<br><br>
        To be sure though, we cannot announce that indefinite life extension is 
        just around the corner, because we don’t know that. That’s not what this 
        cause is saying. Those that suggest that we are saying things like that 
        are wrong. Indefinite life extension may not be in the cards in any foreseeable future. If 
                we never find it, and along the way we realize a 
        compression of morbidity by say, 7 years, then great, that’s a great 
        goal, and a much needed step. But these 7 years should not be the goal 
        in and of itself.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>It is not the goal in and of itself in the same way that getting the 
        “No Coloreds Allowed” signs removed wasn’t the goal of the Civil Rights 
        Movement or performing 50 more space launches to orbit the earth wasn’t the goal in getting to the moon. Martin Luther King Jr. stated the notion that it was no time for gradualism and that justice too long delayed was justice denied. <br><br></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td valign="top">
        <p class="Quote">"We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.”</p>
        <p class="Quote"><img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/why_we_need_indefinite_life_extension_11_martin_luther_king_jr.jpg" width="202" height="258" align="left" Hspace="4" Vspace="4">&#147;I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to 'order' than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: 'I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action'; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man's freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a 'more convenient season.'
        </p>
        <p class="Quote">Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.”</p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub">Martin Luther King Jr. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p align="center">They needed to set ambitious goals that went all the way.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td valign="top">
        <p class="Quote">“We choose to go to the 
        moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other 
        things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because 
        that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies 
        and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, 
        one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and 
        the others, too.”</p>
        <p class="Quote">
        <img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/why_we_need_indefinite_life_extension_17_john_f_kennedy.jpg" width="204" height="247" align="left" hspace="4" vspace="4">“…even though I realize that 
        this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now 
        know what benefits await us. <br><br>
        But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the 
        moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant 
        rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made 
        of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable 
        of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been 
        experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest 
        watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, 
        control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an 
        unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering 
        the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat 
        about half that of the temperature of the sun--almost as hot as it is 
        here today--and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before 
        this decade is out--then we must be bold.”</p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub">John F. Kennedy</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p align="center">They needed to go there. It is the same for this cause. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>We don’t have to know we can get there to go there, but we do have 
        to go there to get there. Things like the removal of “Coloreds Only” 
        signs, orbits around the earth and 7-year dividends,  are parts of 
        it, but the struggle for cilvil liberties and the moon landing would not 
        have reached their potential if the visionaries had not dreamt to go all 
        the way, rather than hoped to go a portion of the way. <br><br></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p class="Quote">“The great French Marshall Lyautey once asked his gardener to plant a tree. 
        <br>
        The gardener objected that the tree was slow growing and would not reach maturity for 100 years. 
        <br>
        The Marshall replied, 'In that case, there is no time to lose; plant it this afternoon!’”<p>We have to plant the seed that we are undertaking the quest for 
        indefinite life extension now. We have to take into consideration the fierce urgency of now; we have to have a dream; we ha<img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/pic_eiche.jpg" width="214" height="271" align="left" Hspace="4" Vspace="4">ve to shoot for the 
        moon. We have to start now. We have to go there. We have to see if our lives are in the cards for us or not. Missing out on this chance to exist here because we don’t go there would be as big of a tragedy as if the Americas were still undiscovered, blacks were still segregated, and the moon were still untouched. </p>
        <p>This is the next great human mission. Through blood, sweat and tears, progress, joys, and dreams, our ancestors have delivered us to this cusp at the end of the technology era, which is emerging into the grand new Transhuman era. In a way, we have been preparing through out all of 
        human existence for this. We cannot let our ancestors down. This is an immense homage we owe to them for their great sacrifices and hard work, 
        as well as an obligation that we owe to ourselves and all of our dear progeny of the future. 
        <p>There is no time to waste. We must plant the seeds we have been handed, the seeds of the movement for indefinite life extension, now. We 
        have to get going now. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p align="left">Let me get back to that statement from the beginning -- and quote it in full this time: <br>
        <p align="left" class="Quote"><img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/flylook.jpg" width="139" height="109" align="left"Hspace="4" Vspace="4">"...there is no basis for the ardent hopes and positive statements made as to the safety 
        and successful use of the dirigible balloon or flying machine, or both, for commercial transportation or as weapons of war, and that, therefore, it would be a wrong, whether wilful or unknowing, to lead the people and perhaps governments at this time to believe the contrary;..."
        </p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub">Rear Admiral George Melville (1901)</p>
<br><p>Those who 'know better' are often worn down by a lifetime of trying.<br>The pioneers of important concepts and causes made their discoveries and pioneered their areas when they were different ages. Albert Einstein was 26, Isaac Newton was 23, Werner Heisenberg was 24, Bill Gates was 20, Alexander the Great was 20, Neil Armstrong was 39, and Meriwether Lewis & William Clark were 32 and 36, respectively. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. started advocating for the Civil rights of African Americans when he was 26, Christopher Columbus was 41, and Mahatma Gandhi was 45. In fact it is hard to think of any who were 50 or older. That is not though, to say that that there were not many great pioneers over the age 
        of 50. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        Those who kick against a prevailing mindset can expect ridicule, 
        <img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/Blitz3_09_04.JPg" width="133" height="106" align="right" Hspace="4" Vspace="4"><br>
        even at the cusp of their breakthrough. <br><br>
        <p align="left" class="Quote">"...a physicist who professed such heresies is unworthy to teach science."</p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub">German Minister of Education, <br>
        when George Ohm's theory 
        of electricity was published in 1827 </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>We aren’t of those mindsets; we are of the mindset of one of the founders of the scientific method itself, </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/why_we_need_indefinite_life_extension_24_francis_bacon.jpg" width="128" height="103" align="left" Hspace="4" Vspace="4"><p class="Quote">“But by far the greatest obstacle to the progress of science and to the undertaking of new tasks and provinces therein is found in this–that men despair and think things impossible.” </p>
        <p align="right" class="quotesub">Francis Bacon</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
<td>They say that necessity is the mother of invention. If people don’t want it, crave it, fight for it, and believe they can have it, they they are going to innovate at a much slower rate. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
<p>Fighters know this, and in their hearts, scientists know this as well. </p>
<br>        
<p class="Quote"><img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/why_we_need_indefinite_life_extension_25_douglas_macarthur.jpg" width="87" height="83" align="left" Hspace="4" Vspace="4">“It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it.”<img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/why_we_need_indefinite_life_extension_19_wayne_gretzky.jpg" width="80" height="80" align="right" Hspace="4" Vspace="4"></p>
<p align="right" class="quotesub" style="text-align: left">General Douglas MacArthur</p>
<br>
<p class="Quote" style="text-align: right">“100% of the shots you don’t take don’t go in.”</p><p align="right" class="quotesub">Wayne Gretzsky </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>We may not be able to get there, but we have to believe we can if we are to put forth the amount of effort that is needed to get it done in time for us if it is there. </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><br></br>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.imminst.org/images/bpessay/why_we_need_indefinite_life_extension_26_eden_phillpotts.jpg" width="103" height="86" align="right" Hspace="4" Vspace="4"><p align="left" class="Quote">“The universe is full of magical things, patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper.”</p>

<p align="right" class="quotesub">Eden Phillpotts</p>
<br> 
We don’t intend to keep it waiting. The time is now. <br>

For the love of life, we may not get there, but we have to go there, and we have to do it like our lives depend on it.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        <p align="right"><b><font size="6" face="Bradley Hand ITC">Eric Schulke</font></b></td>
    </tr>
    </table>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 Feb 2013 12:55:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">bd4c9ab730f5513206b999ec0d90d1fb</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>taking action...</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/action/primer</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<b>What can I do!?<br>
</b> 
<br>This is a natural question that those sharing the mission to abolish the blight of involuntary death often ask.
<br> At LongeCity, we are providing a lot of community-sourced suggestions and for a long while we have wrestled with a succinct answer. Such a ‘take action’ page as provided by other organisations is still something we are looking to polish… but maybe the question also deserves a slightly longer answer – especially for those young people (whether in life or at heart, we get a lot of them especially at LongeCity) who ask the question in the context of planning to (re)orient their entire life and career towards life extension.&nbsp;
<br>
<br>Over the next few months, I’m hoping to develop a short ‘primer’ to help with this most weighty of decisions. 
<br> This task is certainly too big, too important to be monopolized. I would therefore welcome any suggestions and alternative perspectives during the drafting stages. 
<br>
<br>to be continued...]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Jan 2013 20:11:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">b73ce398c39f506af761d2277d853a92</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Write for LongeCity</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/science/templates/writers</link>
		<description><![CDATA[There are 4 ways of writing for LongeCity:
<br><br>
<b>(1) Commissioned topics </b><br>
800-1500 word (ca. 2-3 pages) articles on any of the topics listed below. <br>
As long as the topic is listed, it remains open for submissions.  <br>
Authors are invited to submit a finished manuscript directly to <a href="mailto:calyban@longecity.org">calyban@longecity.org</a>. Responses can be expected with 14 days after submission. <br>
Editors may require certain alterations for style, quality or based on
peer-reviewed references, but publication is guaranteed for commissioned
articles if the article meets a basic quality threshold.    <br>
<br>
<b>(2) Submit an exposé for a new topic</b><br>
You can send us a 200 word article outline, accompanied with a few lines about
yourself. If accepted, you will be invited to submit a full article. <br>
Please use the <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/contactus/">contact form</a>. <br>
<br>
<b>Reward per published article: $108 </b>(a premium may be awarded for particularly well-researched articles)<b> 
<br><br><b>(3) Write a blog or (4) write on the forum<br>
</b></b>
You can either start a blog at LongeCity or easily synchronise a blog that you
maintain elsewhere. If your blog is consistently of interest and of good
quality, you will automatically be awarded ‘Thank You’ points which can be
redeemed for vouchers at online stores such as amazon. We might also ask you to
do a regular column.<br>
Thank you points also accrue to forum posts, as readers 'like' your posts. <br>
<br>
All articles and other written contribution are subject to the general LongeCity
User agreement. In short authors keep full copyright of the article, but grant a
free perpetual and worldwide license to LongeCity for non-commercial use. <br>
<br><br><br>
 <u><font size="4">-- current open commissions --</font><br>
</u><br>
- A Longevity Enthusiasts Guide for Beginners<br>
- Aging theories: Is there a unifying factor in aging?<br>
- Antioxidants: relevant for life extension?<br>
- Brain transplantation: a medical impossibility?<br>
- Cancer Risks in everyday products<br>
- Cryonics: a scientific and technical description<br>
- Current clinical trials particularly relevant to life extension<br>
- DIYbio projects directed at life extension<br>
- Gene Therapy: An update<br>
- Heart attacks and strokes – emergency measures.<br>
- Is advanced artificial intelligence the key to life extension?<br>
- Lay diagnosis: spotting warning signs that could save your life<br>
- Leaving Earth: seeding human life elsewhere<br>
- Life extension enthusiasts of the 20th century: lessons for today<br>
- Long term planning: trends and projections until 2200<br>
- Mapping the life extension scene<br>
- Nanomedicine: recent advances<br>
- Nootropics in human trials: the evidence<br>
- Overpopulation and Life Extension<br>
- Prepping: the 10 most useful tips<br>
- Profile: ‘XXX’ – a life extension pioneer<br>
- Religion and the life extension movement: at loggerheads?<br>
- Religion, Pets, Relationships: Lifestyle and life expectancy.<br>
- SENS: An update<br>
- Sport & bodybuilding: will it extend or shorten your lifespan?<br>
- Stress & Aging: what is the evidence?<br>
- Supplements with a proven life extension benefit – any?<br>
- Why do some turtles out live humans?]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Jan 2013 19:39:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">140f6969d5213fd0ece03148e62e461e</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>crowdsourced multivitamin</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/science/projects/crowdsourced-multivitamin-r58</link>
		<description><![CDATA[Extending maximum human lifespan will likely require a wide range of new biotechnology. Powerful interventions such as pharmaceuticals, stem cell technology, and gene therapy are in development but could be years or decades away from widespread implementation. During the intervening time the best way to ward off the ravages of disease and aging is to take care of yourself.
<BR><BR>
Members of LongeCity are keenly aware of this reality. That is why LongeCity forum discussions about exercise, nutrition, and supplements are very active and comprehensive. Members are constantly on the lookout for the latest research lending insight into which supplements are beneficial, cost-effective, and readily available. 
<BR> Much has been made of the deficiencies of current multivitamin formulations and this has led to a community effort to design the “perfect multivitamin”.
<BR><BR><BR>
In a long process of collaborative discussion, Members designed what in their view comes closer to the 'perfect' anti-aging supplement than any other product on the market. <BR> LongeCity then found a partner in RevGenetics Ltd (FDA RegNo: 12757922694) to produce it.
<BR><BR>
Under the brand name VIMMORTAL the formula was promoted during 2011.Many members enjoyed the heavy discount that RevGenetics generously provided to LongeCity members. 
<BR><BR>
After over a year of sales, members decided to revisit the formula. The inclusion of choline in particular proved controversial in light of current research. VIMMORTAL was stopped and a new group convened to collate suggested tweaks and improvements. The revised formula was relayed to the previous partner Revgenetics. 
<BR>
<BR>
After many delays and extensions throughout 2012, it became clear eventually that Revgenetics was not going to take the second generation of the crowdsourced supplement further.  
<br> This is a setback for the project, in which LongeCity was at the forefront of connecting supplement sellers and consumers in an innovative dialogue at the cutting edge of nutritional supplement design. However, we are proud of this effort and the experience and data generated by it. 
<BR><br>The VIMMORTAL formula is 'open source' and we are optimistic that another manufacturer/seller will see the opportunities of connecting directly with the life extension community to provide the 'ideal' supplement solution.  
<BR><br> Check the <font size="3"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/365-vimmortal/">Vimmortal project forum</a></font>.]]></description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Dec 2012 01:41:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">06409663226af2f3114485aa4e0a23b4</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Advertisers sought</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/advertisers-sought-r57</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<font size="5" face="Berlin Sans FB Demi"><b><font color="#CC0000">NOTE:</font>
we are currently seeking to establish <br>
the advertisers list for <font color="#800080">2013</font>.<br>
Interested parties, please contact our <a href="mailto:treasurer@longecity.org">treasurer</a> asap!</b></font>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>For over a decade LongeCity has presented a bustling platform for discussion and information exchange on advanced life extension. As a non-profit org with the mission to conquer the blight of involuntary death we have consistently promoted grassroots science and advocacy projects by the international life extension community. Funding for these initiatives is raised in large part through donations, but also to some degree from advertisers. <br>
<br>
Those choosing to advertise at LongeCity gain unique access and exposure to a dynamic, growing and committed community of life extension enthusiasts, and the goodwill of well-educated thought leaders in life extension science and advocacy. It is also a great way of 'giving back' something to the bigger cause of healthy life extension that many of our advertiser support. <br>
<br>There are different ways of placing an advertisement at LongeCity:  <br>
  <br><b>Ø Banner ads on top of a sub-forum</b> -- the 'traditional' location and the most convenient place to associate with a theme discussed on the forums.
  <br><b>Ø Banner on the bottom of every page</b> -- an easy way to show support for LongeCity across the board 
  <br><b>Ø Banner between forum sections on the forum index</b> -- the index is the common 'landing page' and central point of the LongeCity forums and the page receiving the most 'hits' 
  <br><b>Ø Banner on right-hand column on  forum index</b> -- another way to feature
    on the index 
<br><b>Ø Rolling ad in the carousel on left-hand of forum</b> -- this feature is not always in use, the equivalent would be another 'carousel' place where topical items are displayed at a common location    
  <br><b>Ø Text ad on left-hand of forum</b>  -- A short piece of text/link that is
    visible prominently from any place anywhere on the page
  <br><b>Ø Individual thread </b> -- A 'sponsored' thread ideal for discussing an
    advertiser's product range 
  <br><b>Ø Individual subforum </b> -- For a much boarder variant of 'individual
    thread'   
  <br><b>Ø Featured article </b> -- An article on the portal. To be effective and useful,
    his should be more than a simple advert and also contain some useful
    information about a topic relevant to LongeCity 
  <br><b>Ø Associate link</b> -- A 'featured' entry in our database of interesting
    links  
  <br><b>Ø Discount for members</b> -- A free form of advertising that generates
    significant exposure. Member discount codes can be shared at the restricted
    members forum or more sophisticated discount schemes can be
    devised.    
  <br><b>Ø Sponsored item in 'thank you 'store'</b> -- LongeCity has a unique system of
    rewarding volunteers with 'Thank You' points. These points can be exchanged
    for small gifts: a book voucher, a DVD... or perhaps a product from a valued
    sponsor. 
  <br><b>Ø Mention in newsletter</b> -- The LongeCity newsletter is send monthly to over
    10.000 users with a live email address. Some of the above options may a free
    mention in the newsletter <br>
<br>Option exist on a monthly or longer basis. Discounts may be available for
planning security. <br>
Other opportunities for advertising exist. Please contact our <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/user/2324-shepard/"> Treasurer J.
Shepard</a> to discuss. <br>
<br>NB: <i>There are a few things that advertising money cannot buy at LongeCity
(please don't ask). Among these are 'privileged' status that exempts you from the
forum user agreement (including the prohibition against 'viral' marketing), any
right in how the site is run (you can become a Member and vote in referenda
instead) and any content that appears as if it was coming from LongeCity without
making it clear that such content was 'sponsored
by'. For the broader advertising framework please <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/advertising-framework-r56">read
this article</a>. </i> <br>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2012 23:50:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">6c4b761a28b734fe93831e3fb400ce87</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Advertising Framework</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/advertising-framework-r56</link>
		<description><![CDATA[Visitors to the forum will notice that a lot of discussion evolves around nutrition, supplements and lifestyle. We realize of course that these factors are just one element of the larger mission to conquer the blight of involuntary death, but that makes it all the more important to make sure that the strengths that LongeCity has in providing a great resource for nutritional information exchange
are leveraged effectively. <br>
<br>
Sometimes, it may seem like there are two 'factions' at LongeCity: on the one hand the committed 'activists' who realize the truth that nutritional supplements by themselves will have very limited efficacy in extending the human lifespan and who consequently have little patience  for 'supplement pushers'. On the other hand there are the 'supplementers' who have little to no interest in 'living forever' and whose priority is a healthy lifespan and enhancing their fitness. For sure, examples of both 'camps' can be found if one looks for them, but on the whole the distinction has very little merit: firstly, nutrition, drugs, vitamins and lifestyle - even apparently peripheral topics like cognitive enhancement, are an important factor in the portfolio of life extension technologies. These are the factors that we can do for ourselves, today and for that reasons alone are worth discussing. <br>
<br>
This fact- that supplements are at the 'applied' end of life extension discussion also means that the information and expertise joining at LongeCity around supplements can be much more effectively leveraged for fundraising. This makes LongeCity pretty unique: we are trying to siphon some of the financial overheads from the commercial end of life extension and re-allocate them to chronically underfunded scientific research and advocacy programmes. LongeCity has been really successful in this regard: with very little funding we have made a real difference in creating pioneering information material and funding important basic research as well as supporting community projects. <br>
<br>
Thus 'activists' can appreciate a measure of advertising at the sitefor making an important contribution to the common cause. Ad exposure for Members is reduced but not fully eliminated not least because we think that some ads can actually be useful and interesting. There are at least four types of  advertising available: <br>
<br>
<b>'Google ads' </b>- are context-related ads. Google offers these individually based on your browser's settings and the content of the forum. Consequently please bear in mind that LongeCity has very limited control about what ads are displayed.  <br>
<br>
<b>'Banner ads'</b> - these paid for adverts usually leading to a sponsors website. More about LongeCity's relationship with other institutions can be found <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/57594-longecity-and-others/">in this article</a>. To quote: "LongeCity does not endorse any advertisers beyond the fact that they have made a donation to the community in exchange for exposure. Advertisers never influence our policy, ever. (...) Having said that, advertisers featured at LongeCity very often have a real commitment to the cause- they would not have found us otherwise". Members are invited to comment on the policy  <br>
<br>
<b>'Links' </b>- these are links in text and elsewhere that are monetized if the link is used to make a purchase at the external site. One well known example is Amazon.com: If you use the <a href="http://astore.amazon.com/immortainstit-20">LongeCity 'referral' page</a> to make a purchase, Amazon makes a small payment to LongeCity at no cost to you. We may be experimenting with other link concepts in the future. Note however, that the connections on our <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/links/">links page</a> are not used in this manner. They are simply a project index interesting sources that all members can contribute to. <br>
<br>
<b>'Ads by discussion'</b> - sometimes advertising momentum is generated simply by discussing a particular product. Over the years, marketers have become very sophisticated in pursuing such 'viral' strategies - and they are generally NOT WELCOME at LongeCity. There are only two sub-forums where product-and vendor related discussions are tolerated: for supplement companies/ for other companies. Any attempts to initiate product-related discussions elsewhere will be considered a breach of the LongeCity user agreement. The limited discussion that is allowed in this context is tolerated only because we feel that some information exchange about products and providers is potentially part of the LongeCity mission. Where this link cannot be made clearly, ads by discussion -whether inadvertent or not- will not be permitted.<br>
<br>We have experimented a little bit and are always keen to find other ways to generate funding for life extension research and advocacy from the LongeCity website in a way that is not overly intrusive and that does not compromise our mission and values. <br>
Potential sponsors are invited to get in touch. <br>
Members with new ideas about are invited to <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/352-suggestions-amp%3B-project-ideas/">share them in the suggestions forum </a>. ]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2012 23:30:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">1c9ac0159c94d8d0cbedc973445af2da</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title><![CDATA[LongeCity 'STORE']]></title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/longecitystore</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<center>
<br><font size="2"><strong>Click on the store you wish to browse. </strong></font>
<br>
<br><br><font size="+2"><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/immortainstit-20" target="_blank"><u><font face="Britannic Bold">click
here</font> for the <b>LongeCity Amazon Store</b></u></a></font>
<br>You can make day-to-day purchases via amazon and support the mission to extend lifespans at no extra cost! If you use the LongeCity affiliate website, amazon gives are small percentage of its revenue back to us. <br>
 At no cost to you, why not make it a habit to conduct all your purchased through amazon that way? 
<br>
<br>
<table width="474" border="0"><tr><td width="148"><center>
<div align="center"><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/immortainstit-20/detail/0312367074" target="_blank"><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41H33hRMOXL._SL125_.jpg" alt="Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime" border="0" width="82" height="125"></a><br>
      </div>
  <p align="center">A leading researcher sketches the real<br> "Fountain of Youth" <br>
      </center>
      </td>
      <td width="143"><center>
      <div align="center"><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/immortainstit-20/detail/9875611352" target="_blank"><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41732PE5NTL._SL125_.jpg" alt="The Scientific Conquest of Death" border="0" width="81" height="125"></a><br>
</div>      
       <p align="center">Essays on Infinite<br> Lifespans. <a href="http://www.imminst.org/book" target="_blank">A PDF</a>
          <a href="http://www.imminst.org/book" target="_blank">version is available</a>.</center>
      </td><td width="169" ><center>
        <div align="center"><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/immortainstit-20/detail/0143037889" target="_blank"><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/416MhqJ2SWL._SL125_.jpg" alt="The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology by Ray Kurzweil" border="0" width="80" height="125"></a><br>
        </div>
        <br>Ray Kurzweil's<br>examination of man
          transcending biology<br>
      </center>
      </td>
    </tr>
</table>
  <a href="http://www.cafepress.com/imminst" target="_blank"><u>
  <font size="4">
  <font size="+2"><br>
  </font></font><font size="5"><font face="Britannic Bold">click here</font> for
  <b>Our Cafe Press Store</b></font>
  <font size="4">
  <br>
  </font></u></a>Buy Life-Extension branded merchandise to share your passion
with the world. <br>
Have a great slogan you would like to see on a shirt?- <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/341-project-ideas/">Let
us know in the forum </a>or <a href="mailto:info@longecity.org">via email</a>.   <br>
<table width="543" border="0">
  <tr>
    <td width="175"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/imminst.4983270" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2702/4132970891_8763297329_m.jpg" alt="T-Shirts and Jerseys" border="0" width="150" height="150"></a><br> Jerseys and T-Shirts</div></td>
    <td width="164"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/imminst.399808331" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2491/4133730764_d17e1f9e29_m.jpg" alt="Hoodies and Sweatshirts" border="0" width="150" height="150"></a><br>Hoodies and Sweatshirts</div></td>
    <td width="190"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/imminst.4982518" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2744/4132970949_9b48bea08f_m.jpg" alt="Mugs, Totes, and More" border="0" width="150" height="150"></a><br>Mugs, Totes, and More</div></td>
  </tr>
</table>
<a href="http://myworld.ebay.com/immortalityinstitute" target="_blank"><u>

<font size="+2"><br>
</font>
<font size="5"><font face="Britannic Bold">click here</font> for our <b>Ebay Page</b></font>

<font size="+2"><br>
</font>
</u></a>Sometimes there are auctions for special items that we are happy to
promote. <br>
Have a donation in mind you'd like to auction?- <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/341-project-ideas/">Let
us know in the forum </a>or <a href="mailto:info@longecity.org">via email</a>.   <br>
<br>
<table width="400" border="0">
    <tr>
      <td width="120" bgcolor="white"><div align="center"></div></td>
      <td width="250" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p align="center">There are currently no auctions.<br>
      Check back later. <br>      </td>
      <td width="120" bgcolor="white"><div align="center"></div></td>
    </tr>
</table>
<br>
<br><font size="+2"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/thankyou" target="_blank"><u><font face="Britannic Bold">click
here</font> for our<b> "Thank You" Store</b><br>
</u></a></font>
LongeCity uses a unique system for an 'internal currency' of 'thank you' points
that are awarded - and users can donate to each other in recognition of special
contributions and volunteer work. <br>
Thank you points can be redeemed against fun 'items' but also against tangible
rewards such as books or DVD's.   <br>
<table width="543" border="0">
  <tr>
    <td width="175" valign="bottom"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/imminst.4983270" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/forum/uploads/ibEconomy_images/shop_cat_img-1.gif" alt="fun" border="0" width="124" height="176"></a><br> Membership</div></td>
    <td width="164" valign="bottom"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?app=ibEconomy&tab=shop" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/forum/uploads/ibEconomy_images/shop_cat_img-3.png" border="0" width="50" height="50"></a><br></div><div align="center">Fun
        Prizes </div></td>
    <td width="190" valign="bottom"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?app=ibEconomy&tab=shop" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/LCGIFT.png" alt="Gifts & Vouchers" border="0" width="150" height="150"></a><br>Gifts & Vouchers  </div></td>
  </tr>
</table>
<br> <br>
<br>
<font size="4">
  Purchases  will help support the work of LongeCity  
</font>


<br>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jul 2012 17:59:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">37a749d808e46495a8da1e5352d03cae</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>LongeCity and others</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/others</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>A) Background</strong></p>
<p><br />
LongeCity's origins lie with a personal website: On his private page where he  chronicled his engagement with life extension, Bruce Klein also maintained a private bulleting board 'home for immortals'. Soon, visitors reached a critical mass.</p>
<p>And then it happened: Rather than staying at that level, we transcended it together. Bruce agreed to give up his control for something greater: the 'Immortality Institute' was founded as a members-based organisation.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>This 'big tent' approach stood the test of time: Protagonists came and went, the original founders passed on the torch. The organisation endured, because it was no longer any individuals private agenda, it became an idea, a mission, and a community. We have left the days of the founding behind. We even changed our name, but, as an acknowledgement to this first, bold step into a unique community, LongeCity still refers to its internal Members section as the 'Immortality Institute' and remains open to Members from across the globe.</p>
<p><br />
Also, until this day, our history shapes how we look at working with others: we celebrate the fantastic potential that lies in each person's own initiative and seek to empower individuals to pursue exactly those projects they feel passionate about, but we also try to link, to integrate, to join together and to collaborate in a broader context for maximum effect.  </p>
<p> </p>
<p><br />
<strong>B) Private Individuals and their efforts/websites</strong></p>
<p><br />
There are many of personal websites around of the type Bruce started with. Some are just one person's way of discovering a new field, others grow into great resources or global benefit.<br />
The great thing about them is the freedom they give you as the author to manage them largely as you please. Downsides exist: personal websites often have limited circulation beyond a particular social sphere or topic, missing chances for cross-pollination. A lot of energy is spent on re-inventing the wheel many times over, while it could be more productively channelled into improving what is already there. Mainly, they are fickle things, and anyone with internet experience learns not to trust them remaining as they often grind to a halt or disappear as the sole author/owner gets engaged in other priorities.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>So on balance, LongeCity aims to make it easy for people to contribute directly to a larger pool. Members can have their own webspace or blogs or fora or linklists etc. without needing to home brew. If they want control, they can have as much as possible as long as it doesn't clash with others. (1)<br />
<br />
On the other hand, some people only tap their full potential if they feel a project is fully and entirely their own.<br />
IF that aspect is important to you, then please, by all means, do your own thing! We would much rather let a thousand flowers bloom than no growth at all. For maximum benefit, maybe you could still cross-reference to LongeCity?  (2)<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>C)  Other initiatives and Organisations  </strong></p>
<p><br />
Now, this is a slightly more complicated topic.(3)<br />
<br />
LongeCity understands itself as part of a movement. As usual in any movement, there are different preferences, protagonists, perspectives, powers and priorities. On the one hand, there is a real opportunity cost associated with not combining forces. It is sometimes very difficult to wish people good luck in setting up their own initiatives when, very clearly, their creative and financial resources could be much more effectively leveraged by using existing links and mechanisms.</p>
<p><br />
On the other hand, different approaches and competition are absolutely essential to ensure that as many paths for success as possible are being pursued. LongeCity does not exist for its own sake. If it was not clear that we can make a unique contribution to the greater cause, we would close down and direct everyone to other initiatives. We need to be clear about what contribution we are making, when others are doing a better job and also when we are duplicating or being duplicated and why.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>To all similar initiatives out there</em>: If it looks like we are doing something very similar, please lets discuss if there are ways to generate greater synergies. This may simply mean that we stay in touch, it could mean collaboration on specific projects or it might go as far that LongeCity stops doing something and leaves it to you. OR you might decide to do what you are doing as part of LongeCity.<br />
<br />
Two things in particular, we would much prefer to collaborate on:<br />
1) if you are doing anything that involves a forum, we would be thrilled if you could do that at LongeCity. Over the years we have seen so many forums come and go, that we really think it a great shame to reinvent the wheel time and again. We'd gladly give you all the support and 'moderation' powers to run your own forum section at LongeCity, and a suite of powerful IT tools together with a great deal of experience as well.  <br />
<br />
2) if you are blogging or writing regular articles on life extension. Again, it is a great shame to see so many fantastic contributions swept away in the winds of time, whereas they could have been archived at LongeCity. We can easily supply you with all the tools and support, in fact we might even be able to pay you a little bit of money for your efforts - and the copyright still stays with you!    <br />
<br />
In summary, we have a mission, but not a specific 'line'. Instead we want to be a 'city'- a place where people come together. A place where different 'homes' exist fruitfully together, an umbrella group and a forum for exchange.<br />
We would like to be a 'one-stop' info point for life extension on the web, from which people can move on to pick exactly those aspects or initiatives -at LongeCity or elsewhere- that they like. Any fellow initiatives out there, please get in touch to help make that vision a reality from which everyone benefits.      </p>
<p> </p>
<p><br />
<strong>D) Advertisers at LongeCity </strong></p>
<p><br />
This is a slightly different topic. Anyone who visits LongeCity will not fail to notice that it attracts the attention of people who do not care much about our mission. Some come to debate, many to learn about nutrition (but not with an ultimate interest in life extension), some try to make money. To be quite frank, part of LongeCity's particular approach is to try to extract funds from these dynamics in order to re-allocate them towards the common mission. In this context, we sometimes partner with advertisers. Now, we do in fact discuss each advertiser internally and have rejected quite a few as not something we would affiliate with. However, at the end of the day the imperative is to raise money for a cause that we consider of life-saving importance. In that context we do not necessarily choose advertisers based on their own, (or their products) life-extension credentials. LongeCity does not endorse any advertisers beyond the fact that they have made a donation to the community in exchange for exposure. Advertisers never influence our policy, ever.  Advertisers get banners (please click on them) -- thats it.<br />
Having said that, advertisers featured at LongeCity very often have a real commitment to the cause- they would not have found us otherwise.  When we say something nice about an advertiser, then that is NOT something they paid for but a genuine observation regarding their conduct and contribution to the cause.        </p>
<p> </p>
<p><br />
<strong>E) Members representing LongeCity?</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Membership of LongeCity is a strange thing: On the one hand, its a strictly in-or-out affair. On the other, Membership is just one way (and perhaps not a good one) to differentiate the 'talkers' from the 'doers'. If you are clearly a 'doer' we would probably consider you a Member of the life extension community whether you have joined the Immortality Institute or not. One way of simulating that is to give people 'points' for activities in connection with LongeCity. If you get enough points, Membership is free. Anyone who wants to join LongeCity but can't afford the (very modest) Membership donation, please get in touch, we have never denied membership to a committed peer based on inability to pay.<br />
LongeCity is an open place. Membership as such does not entail 'vetting'.(4)<br />
<br />
We hope that our Members conduct themselves in an exemplary manner that reflects well on the broader community at all times. But clearly, this is not always on the cards, not least because we are deliberately opening our doors to a diverse range of backgrounds and perspectives. Thus, whether someone is a Member does not mean that this person is in any way representative of our Membership or can speak on behalf of the organisation.  <br />
<br />
What about leadership? The case is not too different. Really, the only requirement to move into a leadership position at LongeCity is some tangible commitment. We don't vet people apart from a very basic appointment review and a requirement to sign the leadership agreement. Directors and certain key officers are asked for ID, but that's about it. Now, leaders *are* expected to behave in certain ways when representing LongeCity. Clearly, they owe as much to the Membership and community. But when not wearing the LongeCity hat, leaders are free to express their views and pursue their activities as they please and without any review by LongeCity. Some leaders may have gone on to do some strange things in their lives – LongeCity does not pry into a persons private affairs, successes or failures, ventures or missteps as long as it does not affect or organisation, community and mission.<br />
If there is uncertainty whether a LongeCity leader is doing something in an official capacity, the fault is with us for allowing this ambiguity to prevail- please let us know and we'll make sure to clarify the situation.        </p>
<p> </p>
<p><br />
<strong>F) CONCLUSION</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>The above are observations that I make from the Chair... but with the proviso that this perspective and policy might well change as time moves on – as you have seen from our history LongeCity is certainly able to evolve!<br />
I hope the above is useful as a reference point regarding how LongeCity relates to 'others'. I also hope it has become clear that we really don't see a lot of 'others'. Anyone who shares our mission is 'one of us'. People interested in life extension are often individualists -- and any talk of a 'community' will need to take this into account. But mindful of this fact, as gently and effectively as possible, LongeCity aspires to provide a hospitable 'home' for a community, for diverse communitIES and lone travellers alike.  </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="color:#696969;"><u><strong>Footnotes:</strong></u></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>(1) </strong>A good example of such a compromise are forum threads: A new discussion is initiated by a 'threadstarter'. A certain amount of responsibility comes with selecting a good topic, framing it well, giving it a good exposition. It can be frustrating if people spoil 'your' thread with inappropriate remarks. On your own website, you could just remove comments at will. On LongeCity, Members can ask to become Moderators of their own threads. It should be made clear in the first post if that option is used, so that other contributors are aware of this.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>(2)</strong> For example, did you know that you can maintain a blog externally, AND a 'mirror' blog at LongeCity? Every post you make in your own blog can be automatically imported into your LongeCity blog. Ask if you need help setting this up.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>(3)</strong> A <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gb_qHP7VaZE">reference to the 'Life of Brian'</a> may help to set the scheme in a humorous way: </p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>(4) </strong>There are some conditions of membership --they are listed in our bylaws, and I shan't go into them here, but suffice it to say that it is not very difficult to join. Very few Members have ever been expelled and where that happened it was based on activities that were directly in connection with activities on the site. While Members might sometimes be rebuked or even banned from posting on our public forums, even that does not entail automatic removal of Membership.    </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2012 01:44:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">a8f15eda80c50adb0e71943adc8015cf</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Carbon nanospheres almost double rat lifespan:...</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/science/templates/c60health</link>
		<description><![CDATA[by AgeVivo and Sven Bulterijs 
<br>
<br />
more discussion of the paper in question <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/57483-c60-in-olive-oil-mediated-life-extension-scientific-discussions/">in this thread</a> in the <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/415-c60health/">C60 Health sub-forum</a>
<BR>
<i>this article is a <b>work in progress</b>, it may change over time based on discussions and new information </i>/  
<br /><br />
<br><b><font size=4>Introduction</font></b>
<br>In June of 2012 an article was published by French and Tunisian scientists showing that C60 dissolved in olive oil significantly extended lifespan in rats (Baati et al., 2012). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed almost a doubling of lifespan. C60 is the most well-known family member of the buckminsterfullerenes (so named by their Nobel-prize winning inventors after futurist Buckminster Fuller) made of carbon atoms. 
<br>
<br><b><font size=4>Errors in the initial publication</font></b> 
<br>After publication, in a great example of the effectiveness of public peer review, errors were piced up by members of the public. The authors decided to submit a correction (Baati et al., 2012b); The editor states: “The authors have provided explanations of how the errors were made during the preparation of graphics and images”. 
<br>

<br>One error was that two controls images (GAog and GAip) were the same image. This error does not affect the global conclusions. The authors explained that they put these figures in at the last moment and made a mistake.
<br>
<br>However, the other reported error is impressive: It remains perplexing how the astonishing claim
in the most important figure for biogerontologists (the Kaplan-Meier curve) in the paper escaped the notice of the authors, the editor and the peer reviewers: instead of 66 months reported as maximum lifespan for C60 treated rats in the original paper (Baati et al., 2012a), after the correction this is reduced to 54 months (Baati et al., 2012b)
<br>The authors explained that this was caused by using a software program they were not familiar with, making survival lines diagonal instead of vertical. It could be argued that the correction was reflected in he original text. For example, the authors wrote that “the estimated median lifespan (EML) for the C60-treated rats was 42 months”: this is counted starting at age 10 months (beginning of experiment) which leads to 10+42=52 and is indeed aligned with the corrected graph but not the initially published version. Moreover it is straightforward to convert the uncorrected graph into the corrected graph, simply by decaying the x-axis at each diagonal line, to make it vertical.
<br>
<img width="650" height=600" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/BaatiRevisedFig3.PNG"> 
<br> However, the text describing the survival actually contained (and contains) partial descriptions of the <i>uncorrected</i> graph: 
<br>- the paper indicates the age “M38” at which there is 67% survival in the olive-oil-treated group - presumably, this would be “M33” or “M34” based on the corrected graph. 
<br>- the EML of the water-treated group was reported to be 22
<br><br> To some, such confusions around the survival graph casts doubt over the scientific diligence of the author and the editor. Others have argued that the authors have a credible track record but lack experience in lifespan experiments
<br> 
<br> 
<b><font size=4>Strong life extensions reported</font></b>
<br>Even taking into account the correction, the authors still claim a dramatic effect on lifespan.
<br>
<br>
<b><font size=2>Water</font></b>
<br>
The lifepan of the water-treated controls is standard compared to reported Wistar rat lifespans
in the literature, if slightly long-lived already (Weindruch and Walford, 1988).
<br>
<br>
<b><font size=2>Olive oil</font></b>
<br>The mean lifespan of the olive oil and the water fed animals was quite similar but the maximal lifespan was increased by an astonishing 17 months. Many health interventions such as healthy diets and exercise have shown to extend the mean but not the maximal lifespan (Skalicky and Viidik, 1999) indicating that they promote health but do not change the rate of aging (de Magalhaes, 2006).
<br>
<br>Olive oil has been repeatedly reported to have various health benefits (Bendinelli et al., 2011; López-Miranda et al., 2010; Owen et al., 2004; Perez-Jimenez et al., 2005). Although not all studies go in that direction. Some studies find some health benefits but no lifespan effect (Jacomelli et al. 2010). 
<br>Compared to other oils, one study reports the olive oil treatment reduced lifespan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (Ratnayake et al., 2000). Another study in Wistar rats found no difference in mean or maximal lifespan between olive oil and sunflower oil treated rats (Quiles et al., 2004).
<br>
<br>What makes the lifespan claims for the olive oil treated rats stand out is that their maximal lifespan is larger than the values reported even for specific life extension studies. For example Weindruch and Walford (1988) report a table with caloric restriction experiments in rats (pg 50-52) where the lifespans for the ad lib. fed Wistar rats varies from 22 to 39 months of age and for the restricted ones from 19 to 46 months of age. Calorie restricted Wistar rats genetically engineered to express an antisense growth hormone construct had a maximum lifespan of 47 months and mean lifespan of 36 months (Shimokawa et al., 2003).
<br>
<br>If one believes the figures and rules out a yet-unreported dramatic health effect of olive oil, one might speculate that at some stage during the experiment olive oil may have been contaminated by C60.
<br>
<br>
<b><font size=2>C60</font></b>
<br>The C60 survival is even more striking, with the few rats rats surviving past the age 50 months.
<br>
<br>The survival graph indicates that the C60 rats all died between ages 51 and 54 months, which may surprise by its collective suddenness. The corresponding author stated in personal communication that the last two rats were euthanized while not being in very good shape, in accordance with local animal husbandry rules; therefore they may have lived longer, but this had not been documented in the paper. Still, having 4 of the 6 animals dying at such similar times (with a similar pattern for the olive-oil group) is somewhat surprising. 
<br>
<br>It was questioned whether the C60 group might have been accidentally restricted. It is well know that many compounds, especially when given mixed into the food, can reduce the appetite of the animals (Spindler, 2012). However, in this study the C60 was not mixed into the food and the body weight figures show no evidence of caloric restriction (on the contrary). It should however be noted weight is not always a good marker to estimate caloric intake (Spindler, 2012).
<br>
<br>
<b><font size=2>Statistics</font></b>
<br>It should be stressed that the number of rats in each group was only 6. It is disputed whether this number is or is not too small to draw <i>any</i> meaningful conclusion. <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/57494-c60olive-oil-paper-survival-statistics/">Discussion on this point here </a>. 
<br>
<br>
<b><font size=4>Elements in support of the life extension result</font></b>
<br>
<br>As referenced in the article, there are some indications that fullerenes may have various health benefits, including:
<br>- it has no acute or sub-acute toxicity in rodents (refs 5 to 15 in the paper). Of note, various reports of toxicity of fullerenes exist when dissolved in specific solvants (for a review, see Kolosnjaj, 2007)
<br>- it can act as an antioxidant and is able to scavenge a large number of radicals per molecule (refs 3-6, 21, 44, 47-50 in the paper)
<img width="300" height=300" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/Kevinetal2008.PNG" style="float:right;margin:10px 5px 10px 10px;" />
<br>- it can act as a decomposition catalyst for O2.-/H2O2 (ref 4 in the paper)
<br>- it can act as a cytochrome P450 inhibitor (in particular P450 2E1; ref 21 in the paper). In the paper, the authors note some prevention of depletion of reduced glutathione and induce from it that the free-radical scavenging effect is a better explanation.
<br>- it can inactivate Kupffer cells (liver resident macrophages; ref 21 in the paper)
<br>- it has hepatoprotective effects (ref 21 in the paper tests CCl4 toxicity)
<br>
<br>Fullerene derivatives were reported to increase the culture density of a green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) by 72%, to increase the lifespan of a crustacean (Ceriodaphnia dubia) by about 40%, and to have other positive effects on a plant and a fungus (Gao, 2011). Of course this evidence is at best circumstantial in support of a lifespan effect in mammals.
<br> As a particular comparator study, a carboxyfullerene SOD mimetic extended the lifespan of non-short-lived mice by about 11% and rescued age-related cognitive impairment (Kevin, 2008), right. This much larger study is tentative evidence that buckminster fullerens may have some lifespan benefit.  
<br> Of note, Baati et al. (2012) has investigated C60 whereas the cited studies here above have used chemically modified versions of C60 that are expected to behave differently in vivo.
<br>
<br><b><font size=4>Conclusion</font></b>  
<br>At LongeCity, we are particulary interested in maximum lifespan extension. This paper reported extraordinary findings in this regard and had to retract them to some degree. In a field rife with hype and 'snake oil', scientists, however reputable and objective, have to be extra careful about producing and reporting results. There are some indications that fullerenes may have various health benefits, so it may be premature to dismiss this paper. The study requires repetition in an independent laboratory. This case has illustrated the importance of open and transparent science for progress in life extension research. 
<br>
<br>
<br><b><font size=4>References:</font></b> 
<font size=2>
<br>» Baati T et al (2012a). The prolongation of the lifespan of rats by repeated oral administration of [60] fullerene. Biomaterials 33(19): 4936-4946. 
<br>» Baati T et al (2012b). Corrigendum to “The prolongation of the lifespan of rats by repeated oral administration of [60] fullerene”. Biomaterials 33(26): 6292-6294. 
<br>» Bendinelli B et al (2011). Fruit, vegetables, and olive oil and risk of coronary heart disease in Italian women: the EPICOR Study. Am J Clin Nutr 93(2): 275-283. 
<br>» Gao J, Wang Y, Folta KM, Krishna V, Bai W, Indeglia P, Georgieva A, Nakamura H, Koopman B, Moudgil B. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19976
<br>» Jacomelli M, Pitozzi V, Zaid M, Larrosa M, Tonini G, Martini A, Urbani S, Taticchi A, Servili M, Dolara P, Giovannelli L.
<br>» Dietary extra-virgin olive oil rich in phenolic antioxidants and the aging process: long-term effects in the rat. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Apr;21(4):290-6. Epub 2009 Apr 14.
<br>» Kolosnjaj J, Szwarc H, Moussa F. Toxicity studies of fullerenes and derivatives. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;620:168-80.
<br>» Lin F et al (2010). C20, the smallest fullerene. In: Sattler KD (ed.). Handbook of Nanophysics: Clusters and Fullerenes. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 
<br>» López-Miranda J et al (2010). Olive oil and health: summary of the II international conference onolive oil and health consensus report, Jaén and Córdoba (Spain) 2008. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 20(4): 284-294. 
<br>» de Magalhaes JP (2006). Species selection in comparative studies of aging and antiaging research. In: Conn PM (ed.). Handbook of Models for Human Aging. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA.
<br>» Owen RW et al (2004). Olives and olive oil in cancer prevention. Eur J Cancer Prev 13(4): 319-326. 
<br>» Perez-Jimenez F et al (2005). International conference on the healthy effect of virgin olive oil. Eur J Clin Invest 35(7): 421-424. 
<br>» Kevin L. Quick, Sameh S. Ali, Robert Arch, Chengjie Xiong, David Wozniak, Laura L. Dugan. A carboxyfullerene SOD mimetic improves cognition and extends the lifespan of mice. Neurobiology of Aging 29 (2008) 117–128. 
<br>» Quiles JL et al (2004). Dietary fat type (virgin olive vs. sunflower oils) affects age-related changes in DNA double-strand-breaks, antioxidant capacity and blood lipids in rats. Exp Gerontol 39(8): 1189-1198.  
<br>» Ratnayake WMN et al (2000). Vegetable Oils High in Phytosterols Make Erythrocytes Less Deformable and Shorten the Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Nutr 130(5): 1166-1178.
<br>» Shimokawa I et al (2003). Lifespan extension by reduction of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis: relation to caloric restriction. FASEB J 17(9): 1108-1109. 
<br>» Skalicky M and Viidik A (1999). Comparison between continuous and intermittent physical exercise on aging rats: changes in patterns of spontaneous activity and connective tissue stability. Aging (Milano) 11(4): 227-234.
<br>» Spindler SR (2012). Review of the literature and suggestions for the design of rodent survival studies for the identification of compounds that increase health and life span. Age (Dordr) 34(1): 111-120.
<br>» Tang AC and Huang FQ (1995). Electronic structures of giant fullerenes with Ih symmtry. Physical Review B (Condensed Matter)  51(19): 13830-13832. 
<br>» van der Rijst MP et al (1955). Experiments to determine the nutritive value of the average diet consumed in the Netherlands, when fed to white rats ad libitum and under conditions of restricted consumption (70%). Voeding 16: 708.
<br>» Weindruch R, and Walford RL (1988). The retardation of aging and disease by dietary restriction. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield.
</font>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<font style=”color: white; background-color: navy;”>more discussion of the paper in question <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/57483-c60-in-olive-oil-mediated-life-extension-scientific-discussions/">in this thread</a> in the <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/415-c60health/">C60 Health sub-forum</a></font>
<br /><br />]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Jul 2012 01:29:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">f2217062e9a397a1dca429e7d70bc6ca</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Podcast Interviews</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/interviews</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<img src="http://www.longecity.org/forum/uploads/av-27.png" style="float:left;margin:10px 5px 10px 10px;" />Since its founding, LongeCity has conducted interviews with notable personalities in the life extension field.
<br>Originally in written and texchat form, the effort was later taken up by Justin 'Mind' Loew, current LongeCity Membership Secretary and himself an experienced broadcaster. 
<br><br> 
<br>Check out the <font size=4><b><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/63-broadcasts/">broadcast forum</a></b></font> where new interviews are announced.
<br>You can submit questions to the guest, suggest future guests and access archived interviews.    
<br>
<br>These interviews are always insightful and topical, but also make for informative listening years later, which is why we keep them freely available from our archives.  
<br>
<br><strong class='bbc'><span style='font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif'><span style='font-size: 18px;'>Archive</span></span></strong>
<br><br>
<p class='bbc_indent' style='margin-left: 40px;'>Starting in 2012, we are hosting the podcasts ourselves:</p>
<p class='bbc_indent' style='margin-left: 40px;'><strong class='bbc'>DOWNLOADS</strong>: <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/files/category/7-podcasts/">http://www.longecity...ory/7-podcasts/</a></p>
<br>
<p class='bbc_indent' style='margin-left: 40px;'>Pre-2012 interviews can be found on the 'ustream' public broadcasting channel</p>
<p class='bbc_indent' style='margin-left: 40px;'><strong class='bbc'>USTREAM</strong>: <a href="http://www.ustream.tv/channel/sunday-evening-update/videos">http://www.ustream.tv/channel/sunday-evening-update/videos</a></p>
<br>
<p class='bbc_indent' style='margin-left: 40px;'>Many podcasts (with visuals) can also be found on our youtube channel</p>
<p class='bbc_indent' style='margin-left: 40px;'><strong class='bbc'>YOUTUBE</strong>: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/immortalityorg">http://www.youtube.c.../immortalityorg</a></p>
<br>
<br><strong class='bbc'><span style='font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif'><span style='font-size: 18px;'>Guests  </span></span></strong>
<br>
<br>Do you have a <strong class='bbc'>suggestion </strong>regarding potential guests?
<br>Please share here: <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/28742-guest-suggestions/' class='bbc_url' title=''>http://www.longecity...st-suggestions/</a>
<br>
<br><strong class='bbc'>Previous guests include: </strong>
<br>Aaron Drake; Anne Corwin; Arthur De Vany; Aubrey de Grey; Ben Goertzel; Calvin Mercer; Christine Peterson; David Gobel; Didier Coeurnelle; Dr. Brian Wowk; Eliezer Yudkowsky; Eric Schulke; <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF0UGrsBRyc">Felicia Nimue Ackerman</a>; Gary Taubes; Geordie Rose; George Dvorsky; Hugo De Garis; Jacque Fresco; James Clement; Jan Gruber; John Schloendorn; Josh Mitteldorf; Kelsey Moody; Kevin Perrott; <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzqssQqUvj4">Kevin Warwick</a>; Luigi Fontana; Mark Hamalainen; Max More; Michael Anissimov; Michael Rose; Paul Wakfer; Peter Passaro; Randal Koene; Robin Hanson; Ronald Klatz; Scott Miller; Shannon Vyff; SJ Olshansky; Susan Fonseca-Klein; Tanya Jones; Terry Grossman; Tobiloba Oni; Todd Huffman; Tom Mooney; Vijay Pande; William Davis]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jul 2012 21:36:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">8d5e957f297893487bd98fa830fa6413</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Elders Advice Video Prize</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/action/eldersadvice</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<!--break-->
<table border="0" width="500" id="elders" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4">
    <tr>
        <td colspan="2">
        <p align="center"><font face="Tahoma" size="5">Submit a <b>video interview</b> with someone aged 78 or older and <b>win</b> a book, CD or video game of your choice from the LongeCity store. </font></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="455"><font face="Tahoma"><b><font size="4" color="#000080">
        Entry conditions:</font></b><font size="5"><b> </b></font></font><br>
        <p><font face="Tahoma">1- The person you are interviewing must be <b> aged 78 or older</b>. We are willing to trust you on this one, but we  may ask for documentation if there is real doubt. </font></p><br>
        <p><font face="Tahoma">2- The interview should be between <b>8 and 10 minutes</b> in length. <br>
        <br>
        3- The interview *must* include an answer to all of the following <b>
        questions</b>: <br>
 -- Would you like to live forever and why or why not?<br>
 -- Why do you think you are still alive today?<br>
 -- Do you have any advice for people trying to live for a very long time?
        <br>
        <br>
        4- Beyond these questions, <b>you can decide </b>to include anything of 
        interest in the interview. You could ask the interviewee about their 
        life history, memorable experiences, their nutrition, their philosophy, 
        their life now, whatever you think is interesting. <br>
        <br>
        5- Your <b>equipment</b> doesn't have to be professional. You can use a 
        laptop, a webcam, a mobile phone camera -- as long as the quality is 
        good enough that we can see and hear the persons you are interviewing.
        <br>
        <br>
        6- Submissions will be displayed on the ImmInst website and the 
        interviewee must have given <b>consent</b> to that. <br>
        <br>
        7- Submissions may be rejected at the <b>discretion</b> of the ImmInst 
        board for any reason. <br>
        <br>
        8- ALL accepted submissions will win a <b>prize</b> as long as there is 
        funding available!</font></td>
        <td align="center" valign="top">
        <img border="0" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/elderinterviewer.gif" width="110" height="100"><BR><BR>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/eldercamera.gif" width="125" height="100"><BR><BR>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/elderface.jpg" width="110" height="100"><BR><BR>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/elderrule.gif" width="110" height="100"><BR><BR>
        <img border="0" src="http://www.longecity.org/images/elderface2.gif" width="110" height="100"></td>
    </tr>
</table>


IMPORTANT LINKS: 
<BR> Email your submissions to support@imminst.org 
<BR> <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=7893" title="Download attachment" target="_blank">Content Release Form</a>
<BR>Questions? <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/40217-elders-advice-challenge/"> Ask in the forums </a>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jul 2012 20:21:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">a5e00132373a7031000fd987a3c9f87b</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Book</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/book</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="97%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br><a href="http://www.longecity.org/images/sod9.jpg"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/sod7.jpg" alt="Click to see complete book cover" border="1" /></a> <br />
<br>
<br><strong>The Scientific Conquest of Death</strong><br />Essays on Infinite Lifespans (2004) Edited by Immortality Institute<br />
<strong>ISBN:</strong> 9875611352<br>
<br><a href="http://imminst.org/SCOD/spanish_scod.doc">Spanish Version</a><br />credit: Javi Ruiz & Crionica.org<br>
<br><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/9875611352/102-0314758-4358522?v=glance&n=283155&n=507846&s=books&v=glance">Buy Paperback Version - $24 </a><br />
<a href="http://www.imminst.org/SCOD.pdf">PDF Downloadable Version - Free </a><br />
<a href="http://www.imminst.org/SCOD"> HTML Online-Searchable Version - Free</a><br />
Cover: <a href="mailto:wudduprizz@hotmail.com">Tyrone Pow</a> - Publisher: <a href="http://www.librosenred.com/">Libros En Red<br />
</a>Contact: <a href="mailto:support@longecity.org">support@longecity.org</a><br />
<br>

<br><strong>News & Reviews</strong><br>
<table bgcolor="#e4eaf2" border="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="671"><a href="http://www.blog.speculist.com/archives/000095.html"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/spec4.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /></a>When I heard this summer that the Immortality Institute was publishing its first book, “The Scientific Conquest of Death: Essays on Infinite Lifespans,” I asked for an advanced copy to review for the Speculist. <br />
<br />
I was surprised and honored when Bruce Klein and Reason from FightAging emailed me a working draft. This was a valuable blog-lesson for me: ask and you shall (sometimes) receive... [by: Stephen Gordon] <a href="http://www.blog.speculist.com/archives/000095.html">Speculist - Oct 15, 2004</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table bgcolor="#e4eaf2" border="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="671"><a href="http://www.prweb.com/releases/2004/11/prweb175478.php"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/pr3.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /></a>The Immortality Institute (longecity.org), a 501c3 non-profit educational organization, has brought together nineteen scientists, doctors and philosophers to share their perspective on what may be the most significant scientific development that humanity has ever faced – the eradication of aging and mortality... <a href="http://www.prweb.com/releases/2004/11/prweb175478.php">PRWeb - Nov 6, 2004</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table bgcolor="#e4eaf2" border="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.technewsworld.com/story/38861.html"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/sona.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /></a>The holiday season has arrived, and with it will come higher mortality rates. For a number of reasons, including stress and cold weather, more people die around this time of year. While many accept death as a natural certainty, there is a growing movement that aims to do away with it.
<br>In <em>The Scientific Conquest of Death</em>, a group of well-respected scientists and theorists take on the biological and philosophical arguments against radically extending the human life span... [by: Sonia Arrison] <a href="http://www.technewsworld.com/story/38861.html">TechNewsWorld -Dec 12, 2004</a> <br></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table bgcolor="#e4eaf2" border="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="671"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/ben45.png" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /><strong>Less Than Positive Review:</strong> The Scientific Conquest of Death adequately articulates the immortalist vision, but a lack of self-criticism makes it more advertising than argument... [by: C. Ben Mitchell] <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=136&t=5734">Betterhumans -Mar 22, 2005</a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table bgcolor="#e4eaf2" border="0" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>


<tr>
<td width="671"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/cbs44.png" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Thisis the first book published by Immortality institute, a collection of essays devoted to propagating the new gospel that death’s tyrannical rule over humankind is approaching the end of its reign. It appears that death’s days are numbered... [by: Todd Daly] <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=136&t=6515&s=">CBC Network - May 17, 2005</a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br><strong><br />
Book Content & Excerpts</strong><strong> <br />
</strong><br></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="96%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br><strong><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#Overview">Overview</a><br />
<a href="#strategies">Chapter I: SCIENCE: Biomedicine, Nanotechnology and other strategies</a></strong> <br />
    · <a href="#Rose">Biological Immortality - <strong>Rose</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#Grey">The War on Aging - <strong>Grey</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Magalh%C3%A3es">The Dream of Elixir Vitae - <strong>Magalhães</strong></a> <a href="http://www.senescence.info/cure.html"> </a><br />
    · <a href="#West">Therapeutic Cloning - <strong>West</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Freitas">Nanomedicine- <strong>Freitas</strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="http://www.longecity.org/freitas.html"></a><br />
    · <a href="#Kurzweil">Human Body Version 2.0 - <strong>Kurzweil</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Bainbridge">Progress Toward Cyberimmortality - <strong>Bainbridge</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#Minsky">Will Robots Inherit the Earth? - <strong>Minsky</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#Wowk">Medical Time Travel: A Question of Science - <strong>Wowk</strong></a><br />
<strong><a href="#Philosophy">Chapter II: PERSPECTIVES: Ethics, Sociology and Philosophy</a></strong><br />
    · <a href="#Mellon">Some Ethical and Theological Considerations - <strong>Mellon</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#More">Superlongevity without Overpopulation - <strong>More</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Treder">Upsetting the Natural Order - <strong>Treder</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Rabkin">The Self-Defeating Fantasy - <strong>Rabkin</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Clynes">Time Consciousness in Very Long Life - <strong>Clynes</strong></a><br />
    · <a href="#Vyff">Confessions of a Proselytizing Immortalist - <strong>Vyff</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#Best">Some Problems with Immortalism - <strong>Best</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#Geddes">An Introduction to Immortalist Morality - <strong>Geddes</strong></a> <br />
    · <a href="#Blackford">Should We Fear Death? - <strong>Blackford</strong></a><strong><br />
</strong>    · <a href="#nick">Who Wants To Live Forever? - <strong>Bostrom </strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="http://www.longecity.org/why"> </a><br />
<a href="#RESOURCES"><strong>Chapter III: Resources</strong></a><strong> <br />
</strong><a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY"><strong>Bibliography</strong></a><strong><br />
</strong><a href="#Notes"><strong>Publishers Note</strong></a><strong><br />
</strong><a href="#Thanks"><strong>Thanks</strong></a><br></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="5" width="96%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br><strong>Introduction</strong><a name="Introduction" id="Introduction"></a><br>
<br>The mission of the Immortality Institute is to conquer the blight of involuntary death.Some would consider this goal as scientifically impossible. Some would regard it as hubris. Others say: "Don't mention the 'D–word', it will just scare people, and turn them away from the very real possibility that modern science will help us to dramatically extend our healthy life span."What should we make of this? Is it possible that scientists – or at least humankind – will "conquer the blight of involuntary death?" <br>
<br>If so, to what extent will we succeed? What is in fact possible today, and what do the experts predict for the future? Is such a thing as 'immortality' feasible? Moreover, is it desirable? What would it mean from a political, social, ethical and religious perspective?  This book will help to explore these questions.<br>
<br>When the Institute was approached regarding the possibility of distilling some of the lively and insightful debates that take place within its online forums into book form, questions arose over what such a book should contain. In the last few years, a couple of very good books on the scientific conquest of death have been published. (These are indexed in the bibliography at the end of this work.) <br>
<br>How would this book be special?After careful consideration, the answer seemed clear: This should be the first truly multidisciplinary approach to the topic. We would discuss not only biological theories of aging, but also biomedical strategies to counter it. Moreover, we would consider alternative approaches such as medical nanotechnology, digitalization of personhood, and cryobiological preservation. But this would only be part of the whole. <br>
<br>We also wanted to tackle some of the questions that are usually left unanswered in the last chapter of scientific books: If we accept that radical life extension is a real scientific possibility, then where does that leave us? Would it create overpopulation, stagnation and perpetual boredom? How would it change our society, our culture, our values and our spirituality? If science allows us to vastly extend our life span, should we do so?<br>
<br>It became clear that a single author, however knowledgeable, could not possibly address this kaleidoscope of topics adequately. Thus, we decided to publish a compilation of essays. Some stem from an open call for papers, some are invited contributions by established authorities in a particular field, and a few are specially selected reprints. From among the numerous contributions, we carefully choose those the best in our eyes. Considering the multitude of topics and the quality of the submissions, it was an exceptionally difficult task. The result can only ever be a compromise. <br>
<br>A compromise between conveying scientific information adequately, and accessibility to the lay reader; between philosophical depth, and the desire to stress relevancy; and, of course, between limitless curiosity, and the very limiting constraints of space. We hope that you like the result.<br>

<br><strong>Overview<a name="Overview" id="Overview"></a></strong><br>
<br>This book is divided into two sections: science, (including biology, biomedicine, nanotechnology, digitalization and cryonics) and perspectives (including literature, history, philosophy, sociology and ethics). <br>
<br>This is not a strict division, as scientific possibilities are the starting point for all philosophy, and, in turn, the scientists in this book are not blind to the philosophical implications of their work.All essays are followed by their relevant citations.<br>
<br> All web hyperlinks are valid as of April 2004. Please do not hesitate to call the Institute if a link is out of date, as we might be able to help chase it down. Please also note that the Institute provides additional graphics, charts, and other relevant material online and free of charge to all purchasers of this book.<br>
<br>This book concludes with remarks, an extensive bibliography for further reading, information on the contributing authors, and a few words of thanks. But – as we shall soon learn – there is no time to waste: Follow us into an exploration of the scientific conquest of death.The road to immortality is just the turn of a page away.<br>

<br><strong>Chapter I:<br /><br />SCIENCE: Biomedicine, Nanotechnology and other strategies<a name="strategies" id="strategies"></a></strong><br>
<br>We start, as is proper, by defining the subject matter. What is immortality? How can we define it in a scientifically sensible manner? Is immortality even biologically possible? These and other questions will be addressed in "Biological Immortality" by Michael R. Rose, Professor of evolutionary biology at the University of California, Irvine and author of Evolutionary Biology of Aging, a book that created a complete departure from the views that had dominated the field of aging research since the 1960's. We will learn that far from being a scientific impossibility, there are now good reasons for thinking that biological immortality is fundamentally possible.If aging can, in theory, be conquered – how would, how should we go about it? <br>
<br>Aubrey de Grey, an authority in the field of anti-aging theory from CambridgeUniversity, outlines a general strategy for proceeding with "The War onAging." In his essay, Aubrey de Grey touches on numerous issues, bothscientific and societal, that will be taken up later in the book After these introductions, we move to consider individual aspects of this strategy. <br>
<br>Firstly, on the biomedical side, microbiologist João Pedro de Magalhães provides a summary overview of how "The Dream of Elixir Vitae" might be realized. One of the most topical and promising approaches to extending healthy life span is stem cell tissue engineering. Michael West, president of Advanced Cell Technology and one of the "founding fathers" of modern stem cell research has written "Therapeutic Cloning." It gives us an exciting insight not only into the scientific background, but also into his very personal experiences and hopes in relation to the conquest of death.<br>
<br>While stem cell research is still an immensely dynamic field, we have recently seen the emergence of another exciting area of potential anti-aging treatments: "Nanomedicine" – the science of creating medical devices through nanoscale and eventually molecular manufacturing – has received intense media scrutiny and generous public funding in the US and Europe. Robert A. Freitas, a true pioneer in this area, describes how tiny machines could be effective in the conquest of death. <br>
<br>As a special bonus, a second part of this chapter, including numerous illustrations, is published online.Once inspired to consider molecular-sized machines, we are not limited to healing and repairing our aging bodies: Ray Kurzweil, well known futurist and the recipient of the 1999 US National Medal of Technology introduces us to "Human Body Version 2.0," where advanced technology constructs and defines the very substance that we are made of.This introduces a second vision of immortality, one that ventures beyond biology. <br>
<br>Dr. William Sims Bainbridge, Deputy Director for the Division of Information and Intelligent Systems at the National Science Foundation, considers how digital information about personality, feelings, likes and dislikes can be recorded. By archiving the uniqueness of a person, we might achieve some "Progress toward Cyberimmortality." But can we be more ambitious? Will we one day be able to copy our 'selves' onto a computer?"Will Robots Inherit the Earth?" asks Professor Marvin Minsky, who in 1959 co-founded what became the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He proposes humankind will indeed leave behind the constraints of biological mortality – not only conquering death, but also expanding in consciousness.<br>
<br>"All very well," one might contend. But will these predictions come true within our own life spans? For those who seek to conquer death, dreams of a distant future might not suffice. However, Dr. Brian Wowk, physicist and cryobiologist introduces us to "Medical Time Travel" via cryopreservation – the science of maintaining the human brain until the scientific predictions that we were considering in this section have indeed come to pass.<br>

<br><strong>Chapter I:  Authors & Essay Excerpts</strong><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://ecoevo.bio.uci.edu/Faculty/Rose/Rose.html"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/michaelros5.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /> Michael Rose</a><a name="Rose" id="Rose"></a><a href="http://ecoevo.bio.uci.edu/Faculty/Rose/Rose.html">, Ph.D. </a>  <br />
</strong>Creating a complete departure from the views that had dominated the field of aging since 1960, Dr Rose published <em>Evolutionary Biology of Aging</em> after fifteen years of research with the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). <br />
<br />
<strong>Biological Immortality  </strong>"Some of the deepest prejudices of professional biologists concerning immortality are certainly false. Aging is not a universal. There are organisms that are biologicallyimmortal..." <br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><a href="http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/sens/AdGbio.htm"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/aubrey3.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /><strong>Aubrey de Grey, Ph.D.</strong></a> <a name="Grey" id="Grey"></a> Research associate in the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge, Dr de Grey’s main focus is to expedite the development of a true cure for human aging. <br />
<br />
<strong>The War on Aging </strong>"Possibly the most absurd of the arguments opposing the search for a cure of human aging is that to extend our lifespans indefinitely would be unnatural: would render us in some sense no longer human. I regard this view as so uniquely absurd..."</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><strong><a href="http://author.senescence.info"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/photor.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />João Pedro de Magalhães</a><a name="Magalhães" id="Magalhães"></a><a href="http://www.jpreason.com/cv.htm">, Ph.D.</a>  </strong>Postdoctoralfellow in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, Dr. deMagalhães is a microbiologist studying the biology of aging as itrelates to cellular senescence, the telomeres, stress-responsemechanisms, and Werner’s syndrome. <br />
<br />
<strong>T</strong><strong>he Dream of Elixir Vitae</strong> "The ultimate aim of research on aging is to create what David Zindell called “Godseed”: a molecular entity capable of reversing the molecular and cellular changes that occur as we age and changing the genome of our cells to prevent aging from happening again..."<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.senescence.info/cure.html"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/frei55.gif" align="left" border="0" /><strong>Essay Linked - Including Graphics</strong></a> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://www.michaelwest.org/pages/1/index.htm"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/mwest.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Michael D. West</a><a name="West" id="West"></a><a href="http://www.michaelwest.org/pages/1/index.htm">, Ph.D.</a>   </strong>President of Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, Dr. West has business experience in age-related degenerative disease, telomerase molecular biology, and human embryonic stem cells.<br />
<br />
<strong>Therapeutic Cloning  </strong>"Still resident in the human body are potential heirs of our immortal legacy, cells that have the potential to leave no dead ancestors,; cells from a lineage called the germ-line. These cells have the ability for immortal renewal as demonstrated by the fact that babies are born young, and those babies have the potential to someday make their own babies, and so on, forever..." <br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://www.rfreitas.com/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/robfrr.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Robert A. Freitas</a><a name="Freitas" id="Freitas"></a><a href="http://www.rfreitas.com/"> Jr., J.D.</a>  </strong>Senior Research Fellow atthe Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, a molecular nanotechnology thinktank in Palo Alto, California, Freitas was the first to publish a detailed technical design study of a medical nanorobot in a peer-reviewed mainstream biomedical journal. Freitas and is the author of Nanomedicine, the first book-length technical discussion of the medical applications of nanotechnology and medical nanorobotics. <br />
<br />
<strong>Nanomedicine</strong><strong>  </strong>"Each year, medically preventable natural deaths impose terrible costs on humanity, including the destruction of vast quantities of human knowledge and human capital. Future medical technologies, especially nanomedicine, may permit us first to arrest, and later to reverse, the biological effects of aging and most of the current causes of natural death, severing forever the link between calendar time and biological health..." <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.longecity.org/freitas.html"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/frei55.gif" align="left" border="0" /><strong>Essay Linked - Including Graphics</strong></a><br />
 <br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br> <a href="http://www.kurzweiltech.com/aboutray.html"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/kurzss.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" width="60" /></a><strong><a href="http://www.kurzweiltech.com/aboutray.html">Raymond Kurzweil</a><a name="Kurzweil" id="Kurzweil"></a><a href="http://www.kurzweiltech.com/aboutray.html">, Ph.D.</a>  </strong>Recipient of the 1999 National Medal of Technology, Kurzweil is the principal developer of the first omni-font optical character recognition, the first print-to-speech reading machine for the blind, the first CCD flat-bed scanner, the first text-to-speech synthesizer, the first music synthesizer capable of recreating the grand piano and other orchestral instruments, and the first commercially marketed large-vocabulary speech recognition.<br />
<br />
<strong>Human Body Version 2.0 </strong>"We are rapidly growing more intimate with our technology.  Computers started out as large remote machines in air-conditioned rooms tended by white-coated technicians.  Subsequently they moved onto our desks, then under our arms, and now in our pockets.  Soon, we'll routinely put them inside our bodies and brains.  Ultimately we will become more nonbiological than biological..."<br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://www.cise.nsf.gov/staff/stff.cfm?lan=wbainbri"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/will56.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />William Sims Bainbridge</a><a name="Bainbridge" id="Bainbridge"></a><a href="http://www.cise.nsf.gov/staff/stff.cfm?lan=wbainbri">, Ph.D.</a>  </strong>Deputy Director for the Division of Information and Intelligent Systems at the National Science Foundation, Dr. Bainbridge has written fourteen books and numerous book chapters and articles concerning science, sociology and advancing technology. <br />
<br />
<strong>Progress Toward Cyberimmortality  </strong>"Advances in information technology are essential for most of the imaginable means for achieving immortality, and fundamental to many. Before nanoscale robots are sent into a person's body to repair the damage from aging, computers will have to analyze what is needed and design the nanobots..." <br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><a href="http://web.media.mit.edu/%7Eminsky/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/minsky44.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /> <strong>Marvin Minsky</strong></a><a><strong></strong></a><strong><a name="Minsky" id="Minsky"></a></strong><a href="http://web.media.mit.edu/%7Eminsky/"><strong>, Ph.D.</strong></a><br />
Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Minsky has made many contributions to AI, cognitive psychology, mathematics, computational linguistics, robotics, and optics over his career. In 1959, Minsky co-founded what became the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.<br />
<br />
<strong>Will Robots Inherit the Earth?  </strong>"Everyone wants wisdom and wealth. Nevertheless, our health often gives out before we achieve them. To lengthen our lives, and improve our minds, in the future we will need to change our bodies and brains. To that end, we first must consider how normal Darwinian evolution brought us to where we are. Then we must imagine ways in which future replacements for worn body parts might solve most problems of failing health. We must then invent strategies to augment our brains and gain greater wisdom. Eventually we will entirely replace our brains – using nanotechnology. Once delivered from the limitations of biology, we will be able to decide the length of our lives – with the option of immortality – and choose among other, unimagined capabilities as well..."  <br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><strong><a href="http://www.21cm.com/management.html"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/briangg.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Brian Wowk</a><a name="Wowk" id="Wowk"></a><a href="http://www.21cm.com/management.html">, Ph.D.</a>  </strong>Physicist, cryobiologist, and Senior Scientist at 21st Century Medicine in Rancho Cucamonga, California, Dr. Wowk focuses on low temperature preservation of tissue and organs for medical applications. <br />
<br />
<strong>Medical Time Travel: A Question of Science  </strong>"Clinical medicine is now able to 'turn off' people for more than an hour with no heartbeat or brain activity for certain surgical procedures. Scientists are also on the verge of being able to preserve individual organs indefinitely by using a new ice-free preservation method called vitrification. Animal brains have resumed function after as long as seven years of frozen storage. Could human life be preserved in an arrested state for years or decades instead of hours...?" </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br><strong>Chapter II: <br /><br />PERSPECTIVES: Ethics, Sociology and Philosophy<a name="Philosophy" id="Philosophy"></a></strong><br>
<br>We could end it here. The scientific story has been told, the experts have made their predictions, and the options have been presented. But the Institute's mission has always been more encompassing. Many questions have been brought up: About what it means to be human, about what it means to be mortal; about the society of the future and the dreams that shape it today. In this section, we will encounter those who are enthusiastically supportive and those who are deeply skeptical of the quest for immortality.<br>
<br>But this section is not just about moral wrongs and (human) rights. We are also asked to consider deeper philosophical questions about time, identity, and our outlook on death and life. We begin with "Some Ethical and Theological Considerations" by Brad F. Mellon. The editors must confess that in light of the recent statements made by the US President's Council on Bioethics, we were pleasantly surprised to encounter such a measured and thoughtful analysis of the relationship between Christianity and the scientific conquest of death. In concluding, Mellon leaves us with at least two questions: Why should we fear death and should we spend resources more wisely? <br>
<br>The latter question is often paraphrased as a Malthusian concern about limited resources. Surely there are too many people already? Yet, immortalist philosopher and founder of the extropian transhumanist movement, Max More, argues that "Superlongevity without Overpopulation" is entirely feasible.Another instinctive objection to the scientific conquest of death is to claim that dying is, after all, natural. Businessman and activist Mike Treder takes issue with the contention that this is "Upsetting the Natural Order." He sees death as an evil to be eradicated, and the desire for immortality to be far from unnatural – as do many of our scientific contributers.<br>
<br>Eric S. Rabkin, Professor of English Language, examines the way in which the human struggle for immortality has been represented in literature. In a thorough and insightful investigation he comes to conclude that desire for immortality is "The Self-defeating Fantasy". Opposing the preceding author, who advocates the expansion of consciousness by merging digital selves into 'super-beings,' Rabkin warns, "Who would choose such a neutered eternity?"We can see that there is another dimension in the discussion of life span: identity and its conception. <br>
<br>Dr. Manfred Clynes leads us in a challenging discussion on "Timeconciousness in Very Long Life." If the time we experience is more important than the length of time we live, how would it alter our identity if we were conscious of time in a different way? After such abstract excursions, some readers will no doubt be pleased to come upon an essay by a true 'identity' who is by no means "neutered": Shannon Vyff, mother of three, is a real life immortality advocate who practices caloric restriction, is signed up for cryonic suspension and lobbies for life extension research in her spare time. In her "Confessions of a Proselytizing Immortalist" she shares her own story, thoughts and experiences.   <br>
<br>But should someone like Shannon really call herself an 'Immortalist?' Ben Best, President of the Cryonics Institute, himself a firm advocate for conquering death, feels there are "Some Problems with Immortalism." Immortality is an inconceivably long time, after all. Should those wishing to conquer death not just focus on extending the human life span?  "On the contrary," replies Marc Geddes. In his "Introduction to Immortalist Morality" he develops an argument from moral philosophy, grounding moral theory on the human perception of death and the desire for immortality. Geddes also debunks the commonly held notion that our mortality is what makes life worth living.<br>
<br>This leads us to the last essay in this section, which returns to the first question raised by Chaplain Mellon: All this talk of scientific immortality notwithstanding, why "Should We Fear Death?" Australian writer Russell Blackford examines Epicurean and modern arguments concerning this issue. His statement "We should not console ourselves with false reassurances about the supposed virtues of being mortal” brings a conclusion to this second section.<br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/bradm.png" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /><strong>Brad F. Mellon<a name="Mellon" id="Mellon"></a>, Ph.D.  </strong>With a Master of Divinity degree from Biblical Theological Seminary and a Master of Sacred Theology degree, Dr. Mellon became involved in postgraduate work at Dropsie University, and satisfied the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Hermeneutics at Westminster Seminary. Mellon has served as a pastor, educator, chaplain and has presented papers and workshops in bioethics and biblical studies.<br />
<br />
<strong>Some Ethical and Theological Considerations</strong>  "The Immortality Institute is dedicated to the goal of achieving physical immortality through its stated mission to overcome involuntary death.This paper will explore some of the ethical and theological considerations that in our view need to be clearly understood in undertaking such an ambitious project..." </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://www.maxmore.com/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/maxmoree.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Max More</a><a name="More" id="More"></a><a href="http://www.maxmore.com/">, Ph.D.</a>  </strong>Founder of the extropian transhumanist movement, Dr. More is Chairman of the Extropy Institute and Director of Content Solutions at ManyWorlds, Inc.<strong><br />
<br />
Superlongevity Without Overpopulation  </strong>"The prospect of living longer appeals to many people. Extending lifespan more drastically beyond the current genetic limit of 120 years appeals especially to persons of independent mind. These are people used to going their own way, questioning traditional beliefs, and asserting their values independently of those around them. Yet even we independent thinkers are social beings..." <br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><strong><a href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/bios/frame.html?main=/bios/bigthinkers.html?"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/treder44.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" /> Mike Treder</a><a name="Treder" id="Treder"></a>   </strong>Business professional with a background in technology and communications company management, Treder serves on the Board of the World Transhumanist Association and is President of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology. <br />
<br />
<strong>Upsetting the Natural Order</strong> "In the time that it takes you to read this sentence, at least 10 real people will die, some of them helpless children, and some in horrible pain. Every single day 24,000 people die of starvation; 6,000 children are killed by diarrhea; 2,700 children are killed by measles; and 1,400 women die in childbirth..."   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><strong><a href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/%7Eesrabkin/biobib.html"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/erics.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Eric S. Rabkin</a><a name="Rabkin" id="Rabkin"></a><a href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/%7Eesrabkin/biobib.html">, Ph.D.</a></strong><br />
Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Dr Rabkin is a teacher known for his lecture courses on science fiction and fantasy, and for his teaching innovations, including the development of the Practical English writing program.<br />
<br />
<strong>The Self-Defeating Fantasy </strong> "On the day jazz great Duke Ellington died, John Chancellor began his nightly television newscast by saying that 'Edward Kennedy 'Duke' Ellington died this morning of cancer of the lungs and pneumonia. Later in the program we'll hear him play for us'.  Idealized in stone or vinyl, the great achieve immortality not in themselves but only in their leavings, an immortality that supplants, and hence defeats, the self..."  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><strong><a href="http://www.superconductor.com/clynes.htm"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/cylenk.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Manfred Clynes</a><a name="Clynes" id="Clynes"></a><a href="http://www.superconductor.com/clynes.htm">, Ph.D.</a>  </strong>During a presentation at NASA conference in 1960, Professor Clynes coined the term “cyborg”, combing the two terms cybernetic and organism, as a concept for humans to survive space travel. <br />
<br />
<strong>Time Consciousness and very Long Life  </strong>"In these talking points to follow, I will leave immortality to the Good Lord, and will try to be absolved of some hubris by dealing with individual life of only a few million years long. I hope not to disappoint readers through this, at least not for their first million years. What is time...?" </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=554"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/shanon.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Shannon Vyff</a><a name="Vyff" id="Vyff"></a>  </strong>A student residing in Eugene OR and mother of three children, Vyff is a member of the Caloric Restriction Society and the Immortality Institute. She, her husband and three children are signed up for cryonics with Alcor Life Extension Society. <br />
<br />
<strong>Confessions of a Proselytizing Immortalist  </strong>"Why Immortality? Isn’t that selfish? Doesn’t God/fate/evolution tell us when to die? -- I hear this all the time shortly after I meet people-- at church, on vacation, in buses, in line at the grocery store, at parties, at family gatherings--It all begins like a perfectly normal conversation with questions of the weather, or what the person has been doing for the day.<strong>.</strong>."<br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><a href="http://www.benbest.com"><strong><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/benggggg.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Ben Best</strong></a><strong><a name="Best" id="Best"></a>  </strong>President of the Cryonics Institute based in Clinton Township, MI, Best has published numerous articles concerning science, life extension and cryonics.<br />
<br />
<strong>Some Problems with Immortalism  </strong>"Although I place no limits upon how long I want to live, I believe that there are good reasons for believing that immortalism is an unrealistic goal -- and even a self-defeating goal. "Forever" is not just a long time, it is eternity and therefore beyond realistic conception. Yet there are mathematical models which can be used for calculating valuations in infinite time..." </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://www.prometheuscrack.com/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/marcg.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Marc Geddes</a><a name="Geddes" id="Geddes"></a>  </strong>Free lance writer from Auckland, New Zealand. Mark is a member of the World Transhumanist Association and the Immortality Institute.<br />
<br />
<strong>An Introduction to Immortalist Morality  </strong>"The desire for immortality is one of the deepest, most enduring dreams of humanity. But is it a noble dream? Advanced technologies such as Bio-tech, Nano-tech and Info-tech appear to hold great promise for extending human life spans and restoring youth at some point in the not-too-distant future. But even assuming that radical life extension is possible, some people find the idea disturbing..."<br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><strong><a href="http://www.users.bigpond.com/russellblackford/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/russellb.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Russell Blackford, Ph.D.</a><a name="Blackford" id="Blackford"></a>  </strong>Australian writer based in Melbourne Australia, Blackford’s non-fiction work frequently deals with issues involving science and society, particularly bioethics, cyberculture, and the history and current state of the science fiction genre.<br />
<br />
<strong>Should We Fear Death?  Epicurean and Modern Arguments  </strong>"Most of us fear death, to a greater or lesser extent, though some philosophers believe that we would do well to accept it and to fear any prospect of immortality...I argue that it is rational to be attached to life and live as long as we can, though not to fear death with the intensity, or nagging anxiety, that human beings often do..."  </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>   </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bordercolor="#CCCCCC" bordercolordark="#CCCCCC" bordercolorlight="#CCCCCC" bgcolor="#dee4f2"><br><strong><a href="http://www.nickbostrom.com/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/nickbb.gif" align="left" border="1" height="70" hspace="3" width="60" />Nick Bostrom</a><a name="Bostrom," id="Bostrom,"></a><a href="http://www.nickbostrom.com/">, Ph.D.</a></strong>  <a name="nick" id="nick"></a>British Academy Research Fellow at Oxford University, Dr. Bostrom is co-founder of the World Transhumanist Association and has a background in physics, computational neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and philosophy. <br />
<br />
<strong>Who wants to live forever?</strong> "For those rooting for a breakthrough in life extension research, to question why it would be desirable to lead a longer and healthier life might seem banal. <br />
<br />
But a number of people cannot seem to conceive of any reason why anybody would want to live beyond the currently fashionable limit of about four score. Some possible answers include: <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.longecity.org/why"><strong><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/nick55.gif" align="left" border="0" />Article Linked - Including List</strong></a><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br><strong>Chapter III: <br /><br />RESOURCES<a name="RESOURCES" id="RESOURCES"></a></strong><br>
<br>We conclude this introduction to the ongoing scientific conquest of death, with a challenge. We invite you to:<br>
<ul>
<br>•investigate any of the topics raised, starting with the selected references in the bibliography. learn a bit more about the numerous authors and their work.  
<br>•visit us, to learn more and to share your views on the exciting project that is the scientific conquest of death.
</ul>
<br><strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY<a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a></strong> <br>
<br><strong>Why do we age?</strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Austad, S; Why We Age: What Science Is Discovering about the Body's Journey Through Life; (1997) ISBN:0471148032 
<br>• Carey, J. R; Longevity : the biology and demography of life span. Princeton, (2002); Princeton University Press.<br />Finch, C.E; Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome (1990, second printing 1994); University of Chicago Press 
<br>• Gavrilov, Leonid A; "Pieces of the Puzzle: Aging Research Today and Tomorrow" in: Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine (2002, Vol. 5); pg. 255–263
<br>• Hayflick, Leonard;  How and Why We Age (1996 reprint edition); Ballantine; ASIN:0345401557 
<br>• Kirkwood, Tom; The Time of Our Lives: The Science of Human Aging (1999); Oxford University Press ISBN:0195128249
<br>• West, Michael D.; The Immortal Cell: One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging (2003) Doubleday ISBN:0385509286
</ul>
<br><strong>Anti-aging Biomedicine: basic </strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Arnold, Nick & Benton, Tim; How to live forever (2000); Franklin Watts Inc. ISBN: 0531148181
<br>• Bova, Ben; Immortality: How Science Is Extending Your Life Span and Changing the World (2000); Quill; ISBN:0380793180
<br>• Benecke, M; The dream of eternal life: biomedicine, aging, and immortality. (2000) ;Columbia University Press.Bowie, Herb; Why Die?: A Beginner's Guide to Living Forever (1998); Power Surge Publishing; ISBN:1890457078
<br>• Gems, D & Pletcher, S & Partridge L; "Interpreting interactions between treatments that slow aging" in: Aging Cell (2002, Vol.1); pg. 1–9Mc Gee, Glen; The new Immortality: Science and Speculation about Extending Life Forever (1995); Publishers Group West; ISBN:189316327X
<br>• Medina, John J; "The Clock of Ages: Why We Age, How We Age, Winding Back the Clock" (1997); Cambridge University Press ISBN:0521594561
<br>• Olshansky, Jay S & Carnes, Bruce A; The Quest for Immortality: Science at the Frontiers of Aging (2003) ; W.W. Norton ; ISBN:0393048365 
<br>• Rubenstein, R & Benecke, M; The dream of eternal life: biomedicine, aging, and immortality (2002); Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231116721
<br>• Shostak, S; Becoming Immortal: Combining Cloning and Stem-Cell Therapy (2002); State University of New York Press ; ISBN:0791454029 
<br>• Tandy, Charles; Doctor Tandy's First Guide To Life Extension and Transhumanity (2001); Universal Publishers ; ISBN:1581126506 <br />Tennant, Rich & Bortz, Walter M; Living longer for dummies (2001); Hungry Minds ISBN:0764553356
<br>• Various, (Sage Crossroads) ; The Fight Over the Future: A Collection of SAGE Crossroads Debates That Examine the Implications of Aging-Related Research (2004); iUniverse Inc. ISBN:059531631X
<br>• West, Michael D; The Immortal Cell: One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging (2003); Doubleday ; ISBN:0385509286
<br>• Wyke, Alexandra; 21St-Century Miracle Medicine: Robosurgery, Wonder Cures, and the Quest for Immortality (1997); Harper-Collins Publishers; ISBN:030645565X
</ul>
<br><strong>Anti-aging biomedicine: advanced </strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Butler, RN & Fossel, M & Harman, SM & Heward, CB & Olshansky, SJ & Perls, T & Rothman, J & Rothman, SM & Warner, HR & West, MD & Wright, WE; "Is There an Antiaging Medicine?" in Journals of Gerontology (2002, Vol. 57); pg. B333-B338
<br>• Carnes, BA & Olshansky, SJ & Grahn, D; "Biological Evidence for Limits to the Duration of Life" in: Biogerontology (2003, Vol. 4); pg. 31–45
<br>• Freitas Robert A; Nanomedicine, Vol. IIA: Biocompatibility (2003); Landes Bioscience; ISBN:1570597006
<br>• International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. Interna-tional Congress (9th : 2002 : Vancouver B.C.) & D. Harman (2002). Increasing healthy life span : conventional measures and slowing the innate aging process; New York Academy of Sciences.<br />International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. (2001) & Park,S. C. ; Healthy aging for functional longevity : molecular and cellularinteractions in senescence. ; New York Academy of SciencesKomender, J;"Stem cell research as a base for reconstructive medicine" in: Annalsof Transplantation (2003, Vol. 8); pg. 5–8Lo, KC & Chuang, WW &Lamb, DJ; "Stem cell research: the facts, the myths and the promises"in: Journal of Urology (2003, Vol. 170); pg. 2453–8Toussaint, O.;Molecular and cellular gerontology; New York Academy of Sciences.
</ul>
<br><strong>Digitalisation</strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Kurzweil, R; The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (2000); Penguin Putnam ; ISBN:0140282025 
<br>• Strout, Joe; "Mind Uploading: an alternative path to immortality" in: Cryonics (1998, Vol. 19); pg. 26–30 
</ul>
<br><strong>Cryonics</strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Ettinger, R; The prospect of immortality (1965); http://www.cryonics.org/book1.html
<br>•Smith, George P; Medical-Legal Aspects Of Cryonics : prospects for immortality (1983); Port Washington Associated Faculty Press ; ISBN:0867330503 
<br>• Wowk, Brian; Cryonics: Reaching for Tomorrow (1991); Alcor Life Extension Foundation; ASIN:1880209004
</ul>
<br><strong>Caloric Restriction</strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Heilbronn, LK & Ravussin, E; "Calorie restriction and aging: review of the literature and implications for studies in humans" in: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003, Vol. 78); pg. 361–9
<br>• Lane, MA & Mattison, J & Ingram, DK & Roth, GS; "Caloric restriction and aging in primates: Relevance to humans and possible CR mimetics" in: Microscopy Research and Technique (2002, Vol. 59); pg. 335–8
<br>• Masoro, Edward J; Caloric Restriction: A Key to Understanding and Modulating Aging (2002); Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0444511628
<br>• Weindruch, Richard, and Walford, Roy. "The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction" (1988). Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL
</ul>
<br><strong>Ethics & Philosophy: Basic</strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Brennan, H; Death: the great mystery of life (2002); Carroll & Graf Publishers ISBN: 0786712171
<br>• Broderick, Damien; The Last Mortal Generation: How Science Will Alter Our Lives in the 21st Century (2000); New Holland Publishers, Ltd.; ASIN:1864364408
<br>• Callahan D; Setting Limits: Medical Goals in an Aging Society With "aResponse to My Critics" (1995); Georgetown University Press;ISBN:0878405720
<br>• Fukuyama, Francis; Our posthuman future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution (2003); Picador USA ; ISBN:0312421710
<br>• Hardwig, John; "Is there a duty to die?" in: Hastings Centre Report (2000)
<br>• Kass LR; Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics (2002); Encounter Books; ISBN:1893554554 
<br>• Kass Leon R; "L’Chaim and Its Limits: Why Not Immortality?" in: Journal of Religion and Public Life (2001, Vol. 113); pg.17
<br>•Kaufman, Wallace; No Turning Back: Dismantling the Fantasies of Environmental Thinking (1995) Perseus Book Group; ASIN:0465051197
<br>• Lawson, Chris; The Tithonus Option is Not an Option (1999) presented at the SF Worldcon held in Melbourne, AustraliaPerry, John; A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality (1978); Hackett Publishing Company; ISBN:0915144530
<br>• Perry, Michael; Forever For All: Moral Philosophy, Cryonics, and the Scientific Prospects for Immortality (2000); Universal Publishers; ISBN:1581127243
</ul>
<br><strong>Novels</strong> <br>
<ul>
<br>•Broderick, Damien; Transcension (2003); Tor Books; ISBN:0765303701
<br>• Dewdney, Christopher; Last Flesh: Life in a Transhuman Era (1998); HarperCollins Canada; ISBN:0006384722
<br>• Egan, Greg; Permutation City (1998); Gollancz; ISBN:0752816497 
<br>• Halperin, James; The First Immortal (1998); Ballantine Books; ISBN:0345420926
<br>• Harrington, Alan; The Immortalist (1977) Ten Speed Pr.; ASIN:0890871353 
<br>• Heinlein, Robert; The Door Into Summer (1986); Del Rey Books; ISBN:0345330129 
<br>• Minsky, Marvin; Harrison, Harry; The Turing Option (1992); Warner Books; ISBN:0446364967
<br>• Nagata, Linda; Tech Heaven (1995); Bantam; ISBN:0553569260
<br>• Stephenson, Neil; Snow Crash (2003); Bantam; ISBN:0553380958
<br>• Vinge, Vernor; A Deepness in the Sky (2000); Tor Books; ISBN: 0812536355 
<br>• Wilson, Robert; Prometheus Rising (1992); New Falcon Publications; ISBN: 1561840564
<br>• Halperin, James L; The First Immortal (1998); Del Rey Books; ISBN:0345421825
</ul>
<br><strong>Further Resources</strong><br>
<ul>
<br>•Tipler, Frank J; The Physics of Immortality (1995); Anchor; ISBN:0385467990
<br>• United States Congress, Senate. Special Committee on Aging: Allhearings; For sale by the Supt. of Docs. U.S. G.P.O. Congres-sionalSales Office.
</ul>

<br><strong>PUBLISHERS NOTES<a name="Notes" id="Notes"></a></strong><br>

<br><strong>The Immortality Institute </strong><br>
<br>The Institute represents the tip of the sword in the life extension movement by advancing its mission to "conquer the blight of involuntary death." With a number of projects and a growing worldwide membership base, the Institute has blossomed in scope and scale since its inception in 2002. <br>
<br>As a non-profit educational organization, the Institutes' success rests fully on the backs of a highly motivated and totally volunteer support team. <br>
<br><a href="http://longecity.org">http://longecity.org</a><br>
<br><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/libros.gif" align=right hspace=10 vspace=10>
<br><strong>Libros En Red</strong> <br>
<br>Online since May 2000 and (according to traffic-ranker Alexa) in the top position among e-book publishers and sellers in Spanish.<br>
<br>350,000 registered members receive LibrosEnRed's monthly newsletter. Books are published both in electronic formats (as e-books) and in paper (using a print-on-demand system). They are sold in our virtual bookstore, in 300 affiliate sites, and through Amazon.com and BN.com.<br>
<br><a href="http://LibrosEnRed.com">http://LibrosEnRed.com</a><br>

<br><strong>Acknowledgements<a name="Thanks" id="Thanks"></a></strong><br>
<br>Many thanks to the online community of the Immortality Institute for encouragement, critique and many valuable suggestions. Special thanks to Michael Anissimov, Justin Corwin, Kevin Perrott, Kenneth X. Sills and Don Spanton for their help and advice.  <br>
<br>Warm thanks to the authors who have agreed to forego all potential revenue from this publication for the benefit of the Institute. <br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 2012 14:18:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">2b24d495052a8ce66358eb576b8912c8</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Film</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/film</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<a href="#Mission">- Film Mission</a><br>
<a href="#interviewees">- Participating Interviewees</a><br>
<a href="#Funding">- Funding</a><br>
<a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=142&t=3586&s=">- Forum Discussion</a><br>
<div align="center">
<table width="386" border="0" cellspacing="20" CELLPADDING="20" align="center">
<tr>
<td width="376" valign="top" ><embed style="width:400px; height:326px;" id="VideoPlayback" align="middle" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?videoUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fvp.video.google.com%2Fvideodownload%3Fversion%3D0%26secureurl%3DlQAAAB_mnsKeV0yX8QeDEsodmvY4TVa-hWSng0u20nNZ35JlQAPGyJMraaSpVAaIiVTS_a_Ksl8SCBHGTo0nesrJy-Ccb-_BzxrCggJkLeuKINAT96h4_89RImyC5wJkhvwKp_pSCvv4Wnhv6OO9Ifnc38bCNw_iw8SAHNfOb0vG5ZKAh1k95lghBQHFvAmguk1Jb80Xl34Xd6I03cBUZSwCAew%26sigh%3DreX85xiq_95HSDDsBZKj4Gh8uL0%26begin%3D0%26len%3D6332160%26docid%3D6581761732541483047&thumbnailUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.google.com%2FThumbnailServer%3Fcontentid%3Dfc87e39828f06605%26second%3D5%26itag%3Dw320%26urlcreated%3D1138383651%26sigh%3DmnZHA487Gg1MqJ3kWSf2PzkZzBI&playerId=6581761732541483047&playerMode=embedded" allowscriptaccess="sameDomain" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" scale="noScale" wmode="window" salign="TL"> </embed>
LINK TO:<a href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-563003386488686944">Trailer (6 mins)</a> — <a href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6581761732541483047&q=immortality&time=0"> Full Film (105 mins) </a>
</td><td valign="bottom"><font color="white">—</font></td>
<td valign="bottom">
<br><font size="4"> <b>Transcripts</b> </font> (thanks to <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=1499">Matthias</a>,  <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=2371">Live Forever</a>, <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=3475">Mixter</a> and <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=3262">Veneto</a>)
<br>
<br><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=142&t=9573&s=#entry97541">English</a> &Xi; <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=142&t=9641&s=">German</a> &Xi; <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=142&t=9623&s=">Hebrew</a> &Xi; <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=142&t=11155&st=0&#entry116547">Russian </a> &Xi; <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=142&t=9624&s=">Veneto (Italian dialect)</a>
<br><br><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=201&t=9574">&bull; transcript discussion / correction thread</a>
<br><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=142&t=9586">&bull; translation / subtitles / dubbing discussion thread</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table></div>

<br><br>
<a name="Mission"></a>
<br>The LongeCity science documentary, <b>Exploring Life Extension</b>, aims to create a realistic impression of the modern scientific pursuit of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_extension"> Life Extension</a>.
<br><br>

<table border="15" BORDERCOLOR=white cellspacing="30" CELLPADDING="30">
<tr> <td width="100" valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/dddeew.jpg" border=1> <img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/agv.png" border="1"> <br> The documentary was conceived, filmed and edited by Immortality Institute founder <a href="http://longecity.org/bjklein/"> Bruce J. Klein</a></td><td valign="top" width="120"> Travelling more than 25,000 miles by car to 15 states, Bruce interviewed more than 80 individuals: from world renowned scientists, to key protagonists in the life extension movement to critics and lay persons</td>
<td valign="top" width="200">
<b>Main Questions from Bruce<a name="Bruce"></a> while filming:</B>
<br>&bull; What prompted you to explore life extension?
<br>&bull; How long do you want to live and why?
<br>&bull; What is the biggest hurdle to life extension? 
<br>&bull; What technologies are most promising for life extension and why?
</td>
<td valign="top" width="120"> The film first screened in the US  at the Immortality Institute’s Nov 5, 2005 Atlanta, GA LifeExtension Conference and in Europe at the Amsterdam Science Museum NEMO during its Life Extension Night, November 2005. It is free to view and download. </td>
</tr></table>
<br>
<font size="4">Participating Interviewees included<a name="interviewees"></a></font>
<table border="0" width="403">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/mic55.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Michael Roy Ames"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.geocities.com/michaelroyames/">Ames, Michael Roy</a> - Pres. <a href="http://www.singinst.org/about.html#ames">Singularity Inst. - Canada</a></td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/sona.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Sonia Arrison"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=63&t=3555">Arrison, Sonia</a> - Director of Technology Studies at the California-based Pacific Research Institute (PRI).</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/rjb.gif" alt="Robert Bradbury" width="60" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=63&t=3990">Bradbury, Robert</a> - Founder <a href="http://www.aeiveos.com/who.html">Aeiveos Corporation</a></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00093C4C-9CB3-1CBD-B4A8809EC588EEDF"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/coop6.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Michael Cooper "></a></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=1291">Cooper, Michael</a> - ImmInst Lifetime Member </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/justin.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Justin Corwin"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=67&t=1148&st=0#entry9366">Corwin, Justin</a> - ImmInst Editor </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/csoka.gif" alt="Antonei Csoka" width="60" height="70" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.alcor.org/AboutAlcor/meetsciadvboard.html#csoka">Csoka, Antonei B., Ph.D.</a> - Assistant Professor Pittsburgh Development Center</DT>
</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/infinity5.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="James Dale"></td>
<td valign="top">Dale, James - ImmInst Member</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/aubrey3.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Aubrey de Grey"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=899">de Grey, Aubrey, Ph.D.</a> - ImmInst Honorary Member </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/photor.gif" alt="João Pedro de Magalhães" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://author.senescence.info/">de Magalhães, João Pedro, Ph.D.</a> - Postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/benggggg.gif" alt="Ben Best" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.benbest.com">Best, Ben</a> - Pres. <a href="http://www.cryonics.org">Cryonics Institute</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/robert6.gif" alt="Robert Ettinger" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.cryonics.org">Ettinger, Robert</a> - Author <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/book1.html">The Prospect of Immortality </a>and <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/book2.html">Man Into Superman</a></td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/gus4.gif" alt="Gustavo Faigenbaum " hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=900">Faigenbaum, Gustavo</a> - ImmInst Editor </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/will66.gif" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2003/dec2003_special_letter.htm">Faloon, William</a> - Vice Pres. Life Extension Foundation</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/susae2.gif" alt="Susan Fonseca-Klein" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=4">Fonseca-Klein, Susan</a> - ImmInst Director</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/jerg8.gif" alt="Jerome Clayton Glenn" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.acunu.org/millennium/resume/jglenn.html">Glenn, Jerome Clayton</a>American Council/United Nations University /Millennium Project</td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=88&t=2047&s="><img src="http://longecity.org/images/age1.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Dave Gobel"></a></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=88&t=2047&s=">Gobel, David</a> - CEO Methuselah Mouse Prize</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/goertzel.gif" alt="Ben Goertzel" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=63&t=2965&s="> Goertzel, Ben, Ph.D.</a> - CEO of <a href="http://www.biomind.com">Biomind LLC</a> </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/louisg.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Louise Gold"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.optimal.org/louise/louise.htm">Gold, Louse Evelyn</a> - <a href="http://adaptiveai.com/">Adaptive AI Inc.</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/johnb.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="John Grigg"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=67&t=2467&s=">Grigg, John</a> - Manager of the Creekside Preserve Lodge and Advisor and Secretary for The Society for Venturism</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/jimr.gif" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.randomhouse.com/features/firstimmortal/bio.html">Halperin, James</a> - Author <a href="http://www.randomhouse.com/features/firstimmortal/">The First Immortal</a></td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/robinh.gif" alt="Robin Hanson" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/bios/frame.html?main=/bios/bio0078.html?">Hanson, Robin, Ph.D.</a> - Assistant professor of Economics at George Mason University</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/hartl3.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Michael Hartl"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://michaelhartl.org/">Hartl, Michael D., Ph.D.</a> - Pres. <a href="http://quarksports.com">Quark Sports LLC</a>, Visitor in Physics, <a href="http://www.caltech.edu/">California Institute of Technology</a></td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/ch.gif" alt="Chris Heward" width="60" height="70" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.kronoscompany.com/Control/Company/contact.aspx" target="_top">Heward, Chris, Ph.D.</a> - Pres. Kronos Science Laboratories Inc. </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/ddhew.gif" alt="Duane Hewitt" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=823">Hewitt, Duane</a> - ImmInst Editor</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/rudi.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Rudi Hoffman"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.rudihoffman.com/aboutus.html">Hoffman, Rudi</a> - Certified Financial Planner, Cryonics </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/hughes3.gif" alt="James Hughes" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.changesurfer.com/Hughes.html">Hughes, James J., Ph.D.</a> - Author of <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0813341981/changesurferradi/002-8244209-7752844">Citizen Cyborg</a> and Sec. of the <a href="http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/index/">World Transhumanist Association</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/willhu.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="William Hurlbut"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.stanford.edu/%7Eethics/WBH.htm">Hurlbut, William B., M.D.</a> - Program in Human Biology<br />Stanford University; President's Council on Bioethics </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/tan8.gif" border="1" hspace="5" height="70" alt="Tanya Jones" width="60"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.alcor.org/AboutAlcor/meetalcorstaff.html#tanya">Jones, Tanya</a> - COO <a href="http://www.alcor.org">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a></td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/kek5.gif" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.transvio.com/managment1.html">Kekich, David</a> - CEO <a href="http://www.maxlife.org/">Maximum Life Foundation</a> </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/mike99s.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Michael LaTorra"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=63&t=3876&st=0#entry33656">LaTorra, Michael</a> - Director <a href="http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/index/">World Transhumanist Association</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/maxmoree.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Max More"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.maxmore.com/">More, Max, Ph.D.</a> - Chairman <a href="http://www.extropy.com/">Extropy Institute</a></td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/19851296peterdd.gif" alt="Peter Passaro" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.neuro.gatech.edu/groups/potter/peter/PassaroWebPage.htm">Passaro, Peter</a> - Laboratory for Neuroengineering; Georgia Institute of Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/mikep.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Mike Perry"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=63&t=2385&">Perry, Michael R., Ph.D.</a> - Patient Care Assistant, <a href="http://www.alcor.org">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a></td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/chr4.png" border="1" hspace="5" alt="David Pizer"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.foresight.org/FI/Peterson.html">Peterson, Christine</a> - Vice Pres Foresight Institute</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/davidp.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="David Pizer"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=67&t=2717&st=0#entry21173">Pizer, David</a> - Former Alcor Vice President, current owner of the Creekside Preserve/Ventureville</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/platt2.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Charles Platt"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=99&t=2059&st=0#entry15518">Platt, Charles</a> - Author of many popular <a href="http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/authors/Charles_Platt.htm">science fiction novels</a>, co-founder of <a href="http://www.cryocare.org/index.cgi">CryoCare</a> and former director of suspension services for <a href="http://www.alcor.org/">Alcor Foundation</a></td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/reasonx.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Reason"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=137">Reason</a> - ImmInst Director; Founder <a href="http://www.longevitymeme.org/">Longevity Meme</a> </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/michaelros5.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Michael Rose"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://ecoevo.bio.uci.edu/Faculty/Rose/Rose.html">Rose, Michael, Ph.D.</a> - Professor, University of California, Irvine; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/k3.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Kenneth X. Sills"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=Profile&MID=18">Sills, Kenneth X.</a> - ImmInst Director </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/smar2.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="John Smart "></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.singularitywatch.com/bio_johnsmart.html">Smart, John</a> - Founder Acceleration Watch</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/rafl4.gif" alt="Rafal Smigrodzki" hspace="5" border="1"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/people/dop/dopDetail.cfm?drid=1151">Smigrodzki, Rafal  M., M.D.,Ph.D.</a> - Instructor of Clinical Neurology, University of Virginia</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/lhull.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Lorrie Hull Smithers, Ph.D."></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.actors-studio.com/hull/lorrie.html">Smithers, Lorrie Hull, Ph.D.</a> - Cryonics Member, Alcor</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/phi4.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Philip Van Nedervelde "></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=63&t=3802">Van Nedervelde, Philip</a> - Executive Director, <a href="http://www.foresight.org/FI/VanNedervelde.html">Foresight Institute</a> Europe; CEO Founder <a href="http://www.e-spaces.com/">E-spaces</a> </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/natv.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Natasha Vita-More"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.natasha.cc/">Vita-More, Natasha</a> - Pres <a href="http://www.extropy.com/">Extropy Institute</a></td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/voss7.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Peter Voss"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.optimal.org/peter/peter.htm">Voss, Peter</a> - Pres <a href="http://adaptiveai.com/">Adaptive AI Inc.</a> </td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/shanon.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Shannon Vyff"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=ST&f=63&t=1432&st=0">Vyff, Shannon</a> - ImmInst Full Member</td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/sway33.png" border="1" hspace="5" alt="James Swayze"></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://home.comcast.net/~swayzej/jspage_main.html">James Swayze</a> - Cryonics member <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/">Cryonics Institute</a>, volunteer administrator of Rejuvenation Engineering News at <a href="http://www.mprize.org/">Mprize.org</a> - <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=67&t=1927&s=">ImmInst Chat</a></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.kennita.com/"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/kink.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Kennita Watson"></a></td>
<td valign="top" ><a href="http://www.kennita.com/">Watson, Kennita</a> - ImmInst Full Member </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td width="72" valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/joeway.gif" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td width="321" valign="top"><a href="http://www.alcor.org/AboutAlcor/meetalcorstaff.html#waynick">Waynick, Joe</a> - CEO <a href="http://www.alcor.org">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a></td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/wicker.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Randy Wicker "></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=1032">Wicker, Randy</a> - ImmInst Advisor </td>
</tr>
<tr >
<td valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/briangg.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Brian Wowk"></td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.21cm.com/management.html">Wowk, Brian, Ph.D.</a> - Senior Physicist, 21st Century Medicine, </td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><img src="http://longecity.org/images/rey.gif" border="1" hspace="5" alt="Eliezer Yudkowsky"></td>
<td width="321" valign="top"><a href="http://yudkowsky.net">Yudkowsky, Eliezer</a> - Director <a href="http://www.singinst.org">Singularity Institute</a> </td>
</tr>
</table>

<br><br>
<br><font size="4"> Film Funding<a name="Funding"></a></font>
<br>Limited kickstart funding for equipment was provided by LongeCity and Bruce Klein donated countless hours to the project. <br>
Independently, or on behalf of their respective organizations, seven individuals have thus far contributed $31,450 toward the film project.   
<br> <br> 
<font size="4" color="goldenrod"> <b>GOLD</b> donors — $5,000 each:</font>
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" ><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/BRC_2.jpg" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top" >Brian Cartmell - <a href="http://www.cartmell.com/">CEO & President Cartmell Holdings LLC</a></td>
<td width="72" valign="top" ><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/jimr.gif" border="1" hspace="5"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top" >James Halperin - Author <a href="http://www.randomhouse.com/features/firstimmortal/">The First Immortal</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" ><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/kek5.gif" border="1" hspace="5"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top">David Kekich - CEO <a href="http://www.maxlife.org/">Maximum Life Foundation</a></td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/saulk9.gif" border="1" hspace="5"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top" >Saul Kent - Pres. <a href="http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag99/apr99-awsi.html">The Life Extension Foundation</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" ><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/rothblatt2.png" border="1" hspace="5"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top" ><a href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/bios/frame.html?main=/bios/bio0232.html">Martine Rothblatt</a> - Founder <a href="http://www.terasemfoundation.org/index.htm">Terasem Movement Foundation</a></td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/joeway.gif" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top" >Joe Waynick - CEO & Pres. <a href="http://www.alcor.org">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br> <font size="4"> Other donors: </font>
<table>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top"  height="61"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/light5.gif" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top"  height="61">$500<br /><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&MID=1360">Thor Christensen</a> - ImmInst Full Member</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"  height="61"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/kevin1.gif" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top"  height="61">$500<br /><a href="http://www.kevsplace.net/">Kevin Perrott</a> - ImmInst Lifetime Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top"  height="61"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/catr5.jpg" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td width="304" valign="top"  height="61">$300<br /><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=1417">Catarina Lamm</a> -ImmInst Full Member</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/sasy3.gif" border="1" hspace="5" width="60" height="70"></td>
<td valign="top">$150<br /><a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/index.php?s=&act=Profile&CODE=03&MID=1266">Sasy_Kumar</a> - ImmInst Full Member</td>
</tr>
</table>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Jun 2012 20:08:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">0a09c8844ba8f0936c20bd791130d6b6</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>LongeCity Small Grants</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/action/grants</link>
		<description><![CDATA[With the support of our Members and advertisers LongeCity is able to offer a limited number of small grants and financial prizes. 
<br><br>
<br>The following types of projects can be supported:  
<br>
<br><strong>• Science support</strong>:  contribution to a scientific experiment that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources. The experiment should be distinguishable from the research that is already funded by other sources. This could be a side-experiment in an existing programme, a pilot experiment to establish feasibility, or resources for an undergrad or high-school student.          
<br>
<br><strong>• Chapters support</strong>: organising a local meeting with other LongeCity members or potential members. LongeCity could contribute to the room hire, the expenses of inviting a guest speaker or even the bar tab.    
<br>
<br><strong>• Travel support</strong>: attendance at conferences, science fairs etc where you are presenting on a topic relevant to LongeCity. Generally this will involve some promotion of the mission and/or a report on the then conference to be shared with our Members
<br>
<br><strong>• Grant writing</strong>: Bring together a team of scientists and help them write a successful grant application to a public or private funding body. Depending on the project, the award will be a success premium or sometimes can cover the costs of grant preparation itself.
<br>
<br><strong>• Micro matching fundraiser</strong>: If you manage to raise funds on a mission-relevant topic, LongeCity will match the funds raised. (In order to initiate one of these initiatives we usually also require that the fundraiser spends at least 500 ‘ThankYou points’ but this requirement can be waived in specific circumstances.) 
 <br> <br>
<strong>• Outreach</strong>: Support for a specific initiative raising public awareness of the mission or of a topic relevant to our mission. This could be a local event, a specific, organised direct marketing initiative or a media feature.
<br> <br>
<strong>• Articles</strong>:  Write a featured article for the LongeCity website on a topic of interest to our members or visitors. We are mainly looking for articles on scientific topics, but well-researched contributions on a relevant topic in policy, law, or philosophy are also welcome.
<br><br>
<b>Grant Size</b>:
this scheme includes 
<br>'micro grants' - up to $180  
<br>'small grants' - up to $500 
<br>Grant applications exceeding $500 can be received, but will not be evaluated conclusively under the small grants scheme. Instead, we we will review the application as draft and may invite a full application subsequently.       
<br>
<br>Decisions as part of the small grants programme are usually pretty quick and straightforward. However please contact us with a proposal ahead of time - we will not normally consider applications where the expenditure has already been incurred! 
<br> Proposals can be as short or elaborate as necessary, but normally should be <b>about half a page</b> long. 
<br>
<br>Only LongeCity Members can apply, but any Member is free to apply on behalf of someone else - thus, non-Members are welcome to find a Member to 'sponsor' their application.    
<br>
<br>Please email action@longecity.org with your proposal.
<br>You can also use the <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/forum/341-project-ideas/">ideas forum</a> to prepare the proposal.For general questions, or to discuss the proposal informally, feel free to contact us at the above email or get in touch with <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/user/27-mind/">Mind</a>.    
<br>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 Jun 2012 14:14:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">903ce9225fca3e988c2af215d4e544d3</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Local Meetings</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/meetings</link>
		<description><![CDATA[LongeCity is a cyberspace platform for people across the globe, but we appreciate the value of old-fashioned face to face meetings. 
<br>We index and support local chapters, workshops and meetings that are run by our members, by affiliates and related organizations. 
<br>Local get-togethers and conferences present another great chance to get involved in some real world action, discussion and networking for the life extension cause. 
<br/>
<br/>
<br>Why not say 'hi' in the forum section for your region and see whats up? - there are no commitments. 
<table border=0><tr><td>
1. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39722-life-extension-imminst-groups-in-asia' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Asia & India</span></a><br />
2. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39545-life-extension-imminst-groups-in-africa' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Africa</span></a><br />
3. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39715-australia-new-zealand-imminst-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Australia & New Zealand</span></a><br />
4. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/36640-german-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Deutsch</span></a><br />
5. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39724-promocion-de-la-longevidad-en-espanol' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Español</span></a><br />
6. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/37090-chapters-francophones-french-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Francophone</span></a><br />
7. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/37090-chapters-francophones-french-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Israel & Middle East</span></a><br />
8. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/37087-ita-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Italiano</span></a><br />
9. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/36641-scandinavian-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Scandinavia</span></a><br />
10. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/36639-dutch-chapters-translator-needed' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Nederlands</span></a><br />
11. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39543-advocacia-da-longevidade-em-portugues' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Português</span></a><br />
12. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39708-imminst-chapters-in-russia-and-eastern-europe' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>Russia & Eastern Europe</span></a><br />
13. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39720-uk-ireland-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>UK & Ireland</span></a><br />
14. <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/39717-usa-canada-imminst-chapters' class='bbc_url' title=''><span style='color: #282828'>USA & Canada</span></a>
</td>
<td><font color=white>---</font></td>
<td>
<br><img src="http://www.longecity.org/forum/uploads/gallery/album_24/gallery_523_24_8218.png">
<br>You can also find people in your area through the <a href='http://www.longecity.org/forum/membermap/' class='bbc_url' title=''>members map.</a> 
<br>
<br><a href='http://www.longecity.org/membership' class='bbc_url' title=''>Join as a member</a> and add yourself to the map too.
</td></tr></table>

<br />
<br><font size=3>Want to set up a local meeting? -- We can help! </font>
<br> LongeCity has a small programme to help with local events and meetings. This could cover costs for room hire or travel for an invited speaker. We can also provide sample agendas, project ideas and scheduling tools and help you connect. Please <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/contactus/">CONTACT US</a>.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<span rel='lightbox'><img src='http://www.longecity.org/forum/uploads/gallery/album_24/gallery_523_24_20794.jpg' alt='Posted Image' class='bbc_img' /></span>
<br><i>Impressions from LongeCity member meetings across the world.</i>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 Mar 2012 00:48:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">0f28b5d49b3020afeecd95b4009adf4c</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cryonics</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/science/templates/cryonics-r40</link>
		<description><![CDATA[The following is a quick overview on Cryonics.<br />
<br />
<em class='bbc'><span style='font-size: 12px;'>NB: The information below is periodically reviewed for accuracy, but LongeCity makes no representations or gives any warranties whatsoever that the following information is accurate and complete at any point in time. LongeCity accepts no responsibility or liability for information contained on this page. The discussion of cryonics service providers and services in no way entails any endorsement on part of LongeCity. The lead author of this page, its editors and other contributors from time to time may be affiliated with one of the service providers mentioned below. Without qualification to the foregoing disclaimers, LongeCity strives to present the following information in an objective an balanced manner. If you feel that information on this page is inacurate or imbalanced please contact the LongeCity <a href='mailto:support@imminst.org?subject=CryonicsPage' title='E-mail Link' class='bbc_email'>Support Email</a>.     </span></em><br />
<br />
<b>INDEX</b><ul class='bbc'><br /><li><a href="#Overview">Cryonics Overview</a><br /></li><li><a href="#Existing">Existing Cryonics Organizations</a><br /></li><li><a href="#Services">Cryonics Services Offered</a><br /></li><li><a href="#Size">Sizes of the Organizations</a>    <br /></li><li><a href="#Neuro">Whole Body/Neuro Options</a><br /></li><li><a href="#Prices">Cryopreservation and Yearly Fees</a><br /></li><li><a href="#Procedures">Human Cryopreservation Procedures</a><br /></li><li><a href="#Insurance">Funding Cryonics by Insurance</a><br /></li></ul><br />
<a name="Overview"></a><b>Cryonics Overview</b><br />
<br>Cryonics is based on the idea that future medicine will have capabilities well beyond those of current medicine, including the ability to cure all diseases, rejuvenate and repair damage incurred in the cryopreservation process — through the use of nanotechnology and other technologies. Cryonics can be an ambulance or time capsule to future medicine which can allow us to live many thousands of years or longer in youth and good health. Stored at very low temperatures there will be very little molecular motion in cryonics patients for tens of thousands of years, although most of us do not believe that we will have to wait anywhere near so long for future medicine.<br />
<br />
Although cryonics patients must be legally dead before cryonics procedures to reduce or eliminate ischemic damage and ice formation can be applied, cryonicists do not believe that cryonics patients are dead in an ultimate sense. Nearly all the cells of the body are alive for quite some time after the heart stops — including neurons. A standby team can be used to minimize the time between pronouncement of death and cooling, cardiopulmonary support, etc. Cryonicists believe that the anatomical basis of mind can survive much longer than six minutes after stoppage of the heart in the absence of cooling — despite the inability of current medicine to revive patients without neurological damage after more than six minutes of cardiac arrest. (See <a href="http://www.benbest.com/cryonics/IR_Damage.html" target="_blank">Quantifying Ischemic Damage for Cryonics Rescue</a> for more details.)<br />
<br />
<a name="Existing"></a><b>Existing Cryonics Organizations</b><br />
<br>For most of cryonics history (which began in the mid-1960s), all of the cryonics organizations offering cryonics services have been in the United States. In 2005 a cryonics organization was created in Russia (just northwest of Moscow) and there are plans for another cryonics organization in Australia to offer perfusion and storage of cryonics patients within a few years.  LongeCity does not endorse any particular cryonics organization. The data below is taken from the cryonics organizations without LongeCity attempting to verify the accuracy of their claims or the extent of the services they claim to provide. If you are considering utilizing any of these organizations, you should conduct your own investigation.<br />
<br><table border="3" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th><b>NAME</b></th><th><b>LOCATION</b></th><th><b>INCORPORATED</b>/th><th><b>NON-PROFIT ?</b></th></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.alcor.org/" target="_blank">Alcor Life Extension Foundation</a></b></td><td><b>Scottsdale, Arizona</b></td><td><b>1972</b></td><td><b>Yes </b></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.americancryonics.org/" target="_blank">American Cryonics Society (ACS)</a></b></td><td><b>Cupertino, California</b></td><td><b>1969</b></td><td><b>Yes </b></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.cryonics.org/" target="_blank">Cryonics Institute (CI)</a>  </b></td><td><b>Clinton Township, Michigan</b></td><td><b>1976</b></td><td><b>Yes </b></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.eucrio.eu/" target="_blank">EUCrio</a> </b></td><td><b>Braga, Portugal</b></td><td><b>2010</b></td><td><b>No </b></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.kriorus.ru/en/our-services-russia-and-world" target="_blank">KrioRus</a> </b></td><td><b>Alabychevo, Russia</b></td><td><b>2005</b></td><td><b>No</b></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.suspendedinc.com/" target="_blank">Suspended Animation, Inc (SA)</a> </b></td><td><b>Boynton Beach, Florida</b></td><td><b>2002</b></td><td><b>No</b></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="http://www.transtime.com/" target="_blank">Trans Time, Inc.</a></b></td><td><b>San Leandro, California</b></td><td><b>1972</b></td><td><b>No </b></td></tr></tbody></table><br />
<br />
<br>Alcor Life Extension Foundation and the American Cryonics Society (ACS) are organized as 501©3 charitable organizations, whereas the Cryonics Institute (CI) is simply a non-profit corporation. Although Suspended Animation, Inc. (SA) is ostensibly a for-profit company, it is mainly engaged in research and development of cryonics capabilities financed by the principals of the <a href="http://www.lef.org/" target="_blank">Life Extension Foundation</a>. By 2012 KrioRus had relocated to a facility closer to Moscow.<br />
<br><br />
<a name="Services"></a><b>Cryonics Services Offered</b><br />
<br>Not all cryonics services are offered by all cryonics organizations. <b>Patient administration</b>service is offered by cryonics organizations that sign-up Members who are to be cryopreserved upon legal death and maintain responsibility for those Members while they are Patient's in cryopreservation storage. <b>Perfusion</b> is the replacement of normal body fluid with cryoprotective solutions to reduce or prevent ice formation at cryogenic temperatures. <b>Storage</b> is the storage of a cryonics patient in liquid nitrogen. <strong>Standby/Stabilization/Transport</strong> (<b>SST</b>) involves standing by the bedside of a medically terminal patient destined to be cryopreserved, the application of a heart-lung resuscitator and ice-water cooling as soon as possible after declaration of death,and transport to a perfusion facility while tissues are still being stabilized at low temperature.<br />
<br>The following table represents the services which cryonics organizations say they provide.<br />
<br><table border="3" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th><b>NAME</b></th><th><b>PATIENT ADMINISTRATION</b></th><th><b>PERFUSION</b></th><th><b>STORAGE</b></th><th><b>STANDBY/TRANSPORT</b></th></tr><tr><td><b>Alcor</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>ACS</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes*</b></td><td><b>No*</b></td><td><b>Yes*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>CI</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>EUCrio</b></td><td><b>No*</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>KrioRus</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>SA</b></td><td><b>No*</b></td><td><b>No</b></td><td><b>No</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>Trans Time</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No</b></td></tr></tbody><caption align="BOTTOM"><b>*=simplification, see explanation</b></caption></table><br />
<br />
The American Cryonics Society (ACS) states that it mainly contracts with Suspended Animation,Inc. (SA) for perfusion and standby/transport, and contracts with the Cryonics Institute (CI)for storage. ACS also states that it has equipment, contractors and volunteers which are available for use in perfusion and standby in California should the need arise, although this is far less sophisticated and formal than what SA provides. ACS creates and manages individual charitable trusts for its patients. ACS regards these trusts as an important feature of the benefit gained by being an ACS Member.<br />
<br>Cryonics Institute (CI) Members who reside in the continental United States have the option of contracting directly with SA if they desire professional Standby/Transport.In some cases volunteers or paid funeral directors have provided these servicesto CI Members. SA will keep records of CI Members who have arranged to have SA Standby/Transport, but does not continue any administrative responsibility after the patient has been cryopreserved.<br />
<br>EUCrio states that it will provide Standby, Stabilization and Vitrification perfusion for Members of Alcor, CI or KrioRus living in Europe (European Union plus Norway), but is not affiliated with any of those cryonics organizations.  <br />
<br>Trans Time is currently storing patients, but (despite what their website says) is not currently seeking new Members or Patients.<br />
<br><br />
<a name="Size"></a><b>Sizes of the Organizations</b><br />
<br>There are various ways by which organization size could be measured, but for the purposes of this section size is represented by the number of Members in the organization, the number of patients currently being stored in liquid nitrogen and the numberof full-time paid staff in the organization. The figures below are for September 1, 2012, and are based on the statements of the organization in question.<br />
<br><table border="3" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th><b>NAME</b></th><th><b>MEMBERS</b></th><th><b>FUNDED MEMBERS</b></th><th><b>PATIENTS</b></th><th><b>STAFF</b></th></tr><tr><td><b>Alcor</b></td><td><b>975*</b></td><td><b>975*</b></td><td><b>112</b></td><td><b>9*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>ACS</b></td><td><b>?*</b></td><td><b>?*</b></td><td><b>19*</b></td><td><b>1*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>CI</b></td><td><b>1033</b></td><td><b>501*</b></td><td><b>112*</b></td><td><b>2*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>EUCrio</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>2+</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>KrioRus</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>18</b></td><td><b>4</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>SA</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>6+</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>Trans Time</b></td><td><b>?</b></td><td><b>?</b></td><td><b>3</b></td><td><b>1?</b></td></tr></tbody><caption align="BOTTOM"><b>*=simplification, see explanation</b></caption></table><br />
<br>Alcor has 9 paid staff and one volunteer. Seven of the paid staff are paid by Alcor, whereas two are paid independently. The American Cryonics Society (ACS) has an organizational policy against publishing the number of Members it has in its organization. As of the beginning of September, 2012 the 19 ACS patients were all in storage at the Cryonics Institute (CI). ACS has had one part-time clerk to do office work and has otherwise relied on volunteers. The 112 patients in storage at CI includes the 19 ACS patients. KrioRus has no Membership program, and the method of counting patients is odd — four are not stored by KrioRus. KrioRus had 11 pets in storage at the beginning of September, 2012. KrioRus has 4 full-time employees and numerous volunteers. As of September 1, 2012 Alcor reported 50 pets and CI reported 91 pets.<br />
<br>CI is a subcontractor for storage of the 19 ACS patients. CI has two paid staff (full-time and part-time), a few contractors and very many volunteers. Accounting is done by CI Treasurer Pat Heller (a CPA) with auditing by another CI Directors.Trans Time does not report its Membership numbers. Suspended Animation (SA) is a subcontractor which provides Standby/Transport only to other cryonics organizations (ACS, Alcor and CI), so it has no Members or Patients — or the reporting of Members or Patients for SA is "Not Applicable" (N/A). Both SA and EUCrio make extensive use of subcontractors when needed.<br />
<br>Alcor and CI member numbers are not directly comparable because the word "Member" has different meanings for the two organizations. Membership in CI provides the privilege of obtaining cryopreservation services: pet, DNA or human cryopreservation. Many join CI only to store DNA or pets or to support CI, including some Alcor Members. Some Alcor Members have even made arrangements to use CI as a "back-up". Alcor does not allow its Members to have Alcor as a "back-up".  All Alcor Members have made arrangements (ie, funding and contracts in place) for human cryopreservation and standby/stabilization/transport. Of the 1033 CI Members at the beginning of September, 2012, 501 had made arrangements for human cryopreservation and 130 of those had made arrangements for both human cryopreservation and standby/stabilization/transport (all with SA). Since 2006, CI offers a 'partnership' arrangement for CI Members for SA standby/stabilization/transport.<br />
<br>As noted in the previous section, Trans Time is currently storing patients, but (despite what their website says) is not currently seeking new Members or Patients.<br />
<br>In 2011 and 2012 SA reorganized its staff to have more part-time employees and contractors, but has about 6 full-time and 2 part-time employees in additional to contractors.<br />
<br />
<br>Up-to-date accounts of patient histories and membership growth can be found at:<br />
--<a href="./patients.html" target="_blank">Cryonics Institute (CI) Patient Details </a><br />
--<a href="./statistics_details.html" target="_blank">Cryonics Institute (CI) Statistics Details</a><br />
--<a href="http://www.alcor.org/cases.html" target="_blank">Complete List of Alcor Cryopreservations</a><br />
--<a href="http://www.alcor.org/AboutAlcor/membershipstats.html" target="_blank">Alcor Membership Statistics</a><br />
<br />
<br><a name="Neuro"></a><b>Whole Body/Neuro Options</b><br />
<br>The term neuropreservation (or "neuro") generally refers to the practice of cryopreserving only the head rather than the whole body. A "neuro" is usually, a whole head, not just the brain, but sometimes only the brain is cryopreserved. Keeping the whole head to preserve the brain is convenient for both perfusion and storage (the skull protects the brain). In some cases, however, "neuros"are brain-only. The following represent options various organizations say that they offer.<br />
<br><table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3"><tbody><tr><th><b>NAME</b></th><th><b>WHOLE BODY</b></th><th><b>NEURO</b></th></tr><tr><td><b>Alcor</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>ACS</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>CI</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>No</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>EUCrio</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>KrioRus</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>SA</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>Trans Time</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td><td><b>Yes</b></td></tr></tbody><caption align="BOTTOM"><b>*=simplification, see explanation</b></caption></table><br />
<br>Alcor states that its Members have the option of having their whole body cryopreserved or only their head ("neuro") — with different fees applicable to each choice. At the beginning of September, 2012 Alcor said that it had 73 neuro and 39 whole body patients.<span style='color: #B22222'> </span><br />
<br />
All CI Members with human cryopreservation arrangments are "whole body". ACS states that it does not have a policy against neuropreservation, but as long as it only uses CI as its subcontract or for storage it cannot offer neurocrypreservation as an option. KrioRus states that the 22 patients that it had in storage at the beginning of September, 2012 were 12 whole bodies and 10 neuros. Trans Time has one whole body and two brains. Suspended Animation (SA) is a subcontractor which provides Standby/Stabilization/Transport only to other cryonics organizations, not storage, so the question of storage options with SA is "Not Appliable" (N/A).<br />
<br><br />
<a name="Prices"></a><b>Cryopreservation and Yearly Fees</b><br />
<br>Comparing fees for human cryopreservation and yearly Membership or Emergency Responsibility is difficult to summarize in table form because the policies, procedures and optionsbetween the cryonics organization are so different. A great deal of explanation is required. Note that the high prices for human cryopreservation are generally covered by life insurance policies. The following represent the fees that the following organizations state that they charge.<br />
<br><table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3"><tbody><tr><th><b>NAME</b></th><th><b>WHOLE BODY</b></th><th><b>NEURO</b></th><th><b>YEARLY FEES</b></th></tr><tr><td><b>Alcor</b></td><td><b>$200,000*</b></td><td><b>$80,000*</b></td><td><b>$620*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>ACS</b></td><td><b>$155,000*</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>$376*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>CI</b></td><td><b>$28,000*</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>$120*</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>EUCrio</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>¤420</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>KrioRus</b></td><td><b>$30,000*</b></td><td><b>$10,000</b></td><td><b>None</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>SA</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>N/A</b></td><td><b>None</b></td></tr><tr><td><b>Trans Time</b></td><td><b>$150,000</b></td><td><b>$50,000</b></td><td><b>$96*</b></td></tr></tbody><caption align="BOTTOM"><b>*=simplification,see explanation</b></caption></table><br>To Alcor's yearly fee of $620 annual dues, those living in the United States and Canada must add $180 yearly standby fees for a total of $800 per year. A lifetime payment plan is also available. Standby service is not available to Alcor Members outside of the US and Canada, but a $15,000 surcharge is added to whole body and neuro prices in the United Kingdom, and a $25,000 surcharge is added to the prices paid by those living in other countries.  For details on Alcor pricing, see <a href="http://www.alcor.org/BecomeMember/scheduleA.html" target="_blank">Schedule A: Required Costs and Suspension Funding Minimums</a>.<br />
<br>The prices given for the American Cryonics Society (ACS) are intended to reflect comparable service to what Alcor provides. In fact, ACS has a very wide menu of options and prices available, including reference to a "California Procedure" which is intended to be distinguished from the"Michigan Procedure" offered by the Cryonics Institute. The yearly fee for an ACS Member is $376 for the first four years and $300 peryear there after. For details on ACS options and fees, see:<a href="http://home.jps.net/%7Ecryonics/prices.html" target="_blank">prices and funding</a>.<br />
<br>The Cryonics Institute charges $28,000 for perfusion and storage of a Lifetime Member and $35,000 for a Yearly Member. These prices do not include funeral director costs or shipment to Michigan. (When CI was begun it was imagined that every state would haveat least one cryonics service provider.)  The Lifetime CI Member has paid a one-time $1,250 fee and the Yearly CI Member has paid a $75 initiation fee and is paying a $120 yearly fee. Discounts for additional family members and underage family members apply only to Lifetime Memberships. For service more comparable to what Alcor provides — including Standby and Transport — a Lifetime Member pays $88,000 and a Yearly Member pays $95,000. For details on CI pricing see <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/membership.html" target="_blank">Membership</a> and<a href="http://www.cryonics.org/SA/SA_details.html" target="_blank">Details Concerning SA Standby and Transport for CI Members</a>.<br />
<br>For $49,000 KrioRus states that it offers Russians (Europeans?) the option of shipment and storage at the Cryonics Institute in the USA.<br />
<br>As noted in previous sections, Trans Time is currently storing patients, but (despite what their website says) is not currently seeking new Members or Patients.<br />
<br>Suspended Animation (SA) is a subcontractor which provides Standby/Transport only to other cryonics organizations, not Membership or storage, so the question of these options with SA is "Not Applicable" (N/A).<br />
<br>EUCrio states that it provides Standby/Stabilization and Vitrification/Transport services for European members of other cryonics organizations, without being affiliated with those organizations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name="Procedures"></a><b>Human Cryopreservation Procedures</b><br />
<br>Human cryopreservation procedures are much too complex to be summarized effectively here.<br />
<br>Alcor's procedures are summarized on a page of the Alcor website called <a href="http://www.alcor.org/procedures.html" target="_blank">Alcor Procedures</a>. But is it also very helpful to read actual case reports of Alcor patients in the <a href="http://www.alcor.org/Library/index.html#casereports" target="_blank">Cryopreservation Case Reports</a> section of the Alcor website library.<br />
<br>CI has a summary of its procedures on its website called<a href="http://www.cryonics.org/phases.html" target="_blank">Outline of CI Preservation Procedures for Human Patients</a>. But even more than in the case of Alcor, an understanding of the procedures is best gotten by reading case reports in the <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/refs.html#cases" target="_blank">Case Reports</a> section of the CI site contents page. The best reports to read are the first human vitrification case, which was done in August 2005 (<a href="http://www.cryonics.org/reports/CI69.html" target="_blank">The Cryonics Institute's 69th Patient</a>) and a more recent one done in September 2007 (<a href="http://www.cryonics.org/reports/CI84.html" target="_blank">The Cryonics Institute's 84th Patient</a>).<br />
<br>CI procedures do not include Standby and Transport, though CI will advise Members on obtaining assistance through local funeral directors.CI Members residing in the continental United States who wish to obtain Standby and Transport can do so by subcontracting with Suspended Animation, Inc. (SA) as outlined at <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/SA/Suspended_Animation.html" target="_blank">Suspended Animation Standby for CI Members</a> and described in more detail at <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/SA/SA_general.html" target="_blank">General Comments about Suspended Animation Procedures</a>. An outdated summary of SA capabilities and procedures is available at <a href="http://www.cryonics.org/SA/SA_Protocol.html" target="_blank">Protocol for SA-CI Standby-Transport</a>. A report of a case done by SA in 2004gives some idea, although an outdated one, of what the SA protocol means in practice.This report is available on the SA website as a <a href="http://www.suspendedinc.com/cases/index.htm" target="_blank">Word Document SA Case Report</a>.<br />
<br>Although the American Cryonics Society (ACS) has equipment and volunteers which could be used if necessary, ACS basically relies on SA for Standby/Transport and CI for Perfusion/Storage.The human cryopreservation procedures of Trans Time and KrioRus are not documented on their websites.<br />
<br><br />
<a name="Insurance"></a><b>Funding Cryonics by Insurance</b><br />
The cost of cryonics is many thousands of dollars, but most cryonicists cover these costs with life insurance policies that name a cryonics organization as beneficiary. Premiums of life insurance policies are most affordable for those who are young and healthy. It is not prudent to seek life insurance in old age or after a terminal illness (when life insurance may be unobtainable). Nor is it prudent to believe that cryonics arrangements can be made efficiently or successfully when in a terminal condition.<br />
<br><a href="http://www.rudihoffman.com/cryonics.html" target="_blank">Rudi Hoffman</a> sells the great majority of cryonics life insurance policies. It makes good sense to take advantage of Rudi's considerable expertise in matters of cryonics and life insurance. (A sincere and unpaid plug for Rudi.)]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2012 21:06:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">1385974ed5904a438616ff7bdb3f7439</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>donate</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/donate</link>
		<description><![CDATA[Longecity would not be the most active and informative life extension forum on the internet without the support of our members and donors. <br><br/>
In addition to maintaining the forums, projects such as the documentary film <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/film">“Exploring Life Extension”,</a> the ground-breaking book <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/book">“The Scientific Conquest of Death”,</a> and <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/action/grants">targeted support</a> for relevant scientific research and research scholarships for students would not be possible without the generous help from our friends and fellows across the globe.(More details on <a href="#goals">past and present goals below).</a> 
<br>
<br><b>There are many worthy like-minded organizations around the world but few are able to achieve so much with so little as LongeCity.</b>
<br>
<br><b>There are two main ways to support LongeCity financially</b>
<br>
<br><font size="3">1) You can <a href="http://www.longecity.org/membership"> join the Immortality Institute (the members section of LongeCity) as a member</a>
<br>
<br>2) Or you can make one-time a financial donation here: </font>
<br><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="80%" border="2" bordercolorlight="#0000FF" bordercolordark="#000080" bordercolor="#000080">
<tr>
<td width="10"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
<td width="80" align="left" valign="top"> <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>  via paypal </b></font><br><font size="4"><form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick"><input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="U7DPMPFCGTU76"><input type="image" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1"></form></font></td>
<td width="10"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
<td width="80" align="left" valign="top"><font face="Arial"><b><font size="2">via google</font></b><br />
<br>
<form action="https://checkout.google.com/cws/v2/Donations/675436598027351/checkoutForm" id="BB_BuyButtonForm" method="post" name="BB_BuyButtonForm" &#111;nsubmit="return validateAmount(this.item_price_1)" target="_top"><input name="item_name_1" type="hidden" value="GDONOR"/><input name="item_description_1" type="hidden" value="ImmInst donation"/><input name="item_quantity_1" type="hidden" value="1"/><input name="item_currency_1" type="hidden" value="USD"/><input name="item_is_modifiable_1" type="hidden" value="true"/><input name="item_min_price_1" type="hidden" value="5.0"/><input name="item_max_price_1" type="hidden" value="25000.0"/><input name="_charset_" type="hidden" value="utf-8"/>$<input id="item_price_1" name="item_price_1" &#111;nfocus="this.style.color='black'; this.value='';" size="11" style="color:grey;" type="text" value="Enter Amount"/>
<br><input alt="Donate" src="https://checkout.google.com/buttons/donateNow.gif?merchant_id=675436598027351&w=115&h=50&style=trans&variant=text&loc=en_US" type="image"/></form>(Min $5 by this method).</td>
<td width="10"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
<td width="80" align="left" valign="top"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">via facebook</font></b>
<br><div align="center"><a href="https://www.causes.com/fb/donations/new?ts=1271019316&campaign_id=64813&cause_id=6855">
<br><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/fbook.png"></a></div></td>
<td width="10"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
<td width="120" align="left" valign="top"><b><font size="2" face="Arial">  via cheque*</font></b><br /><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/tschek.gif" style="float:right;margin:0 5px 0 0;" />
<br><font size="2" color="#000080" face="Arial">  Immortality Institute<br />
  c/o Justin Loew<br />
  1022 Stark Street<br />
  Wausau, WI 54403<br />
  USA</font><br />
</td>
<td width="30"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="10"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
<td colspan=7 valign="right" align="right"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/arrtocheck2.gif" style="float:right;margin:0 5px 0 0;" />
We are grateful for <i>any</i> donations, however great or small. However, <b>if you have a larger donation in mind ($300 +), please consider sending it by cheque,</b> as the payment software takes a cut for processing credit card payments.
</td>
<td width="30"><font color="white"---</font></td> 
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/piggybank_new.gif" width="180" height="180" align=right hspace=10 vspace=10>
If you would like: 
<br><b>• your donation to go to a specific cause</b>, 
<br>please affix a note to your donation if you want to restrict how it can be used. If you wish, we can also strive to promote matching a donation that you have made for a specific project that you would like to see happen at LongeCity      
<br><b>• to receive a receipt for a tax-deductible donation </b> 
<br>we will gladly provide such documentation for donations of $80+. Please contact <a href="mailto:treasurer@longecity.org">treasurer@longecity.org </a>
<br>
<br>Our <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/bylaws-r18">constitution</a> not only obliges us to observe our donors wishes wherever possible, but also contains binding provisions about careful financial stewardship. As a registered nonprofit 501&copy;(3) institution in the USA since 2002, our accounts are shared with public authorities and our members on a regular basis. On an annual basis, we draw up a spending plan, identifying strategic priorities. All members are invited to contribute to and comment on this budget.    
<br><br><a name="goals" id="goals"></a>
<b>Past and achievements with the help of donors include:</b>
<br>• a free, open forum for the global exchange of information and perspectives 
<br>• an interactive web platform hosting and curating initiatives, literature, graphics, media, and links related to life extension      
<br>• matching fundraisers to advance life extension science and technology
<br>• the ground-breaking book <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/book">“The Scientific Conquest of Death”,</a>
<br>• the documentary film <a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/film">“Exploring Life Extension”,</a>
<br>• LongeCity hosted and co-sponsored international conferences, workshops and meetings 
<br>• Maintain an incentive system rewarding committed volunteers in small but meaningful ways
<br>• development of publicity and marketing to support our shared mission
<br>
If you have any suggestions or questions about donations please contact our <a href="mailto:ericschulke@hotmail.com">Teams & Outreach Coordinator </a>.]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Feb 2012 21:36:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">3988c7f88ebcb58c6ce932b957b6f332</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cryopreservation Fundraiser</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/science/projects/cryopreservation-fundraiser-r36</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<font size="4"><strong class='bbc'>The winning project has now been selected: </strong></font><br />
<br />
<DIV style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; padding:4px; background:#E6E6FA;"><br />
<strong class='bbc'><span style='font-size: 18px;'>Uncovering the mechanisms of cryoprotectant toxicity</span></strong><br />
<br />
Joao Pedro de Magalhaes (aging@liv.ac.uk), Soren Stirling<br />
Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, University of Liverpool, UK<br />
<br />
<strong class='bbc'>Background</strong><br />
Vitrification led to great hopes in cryobiology, including in human cryonics. However, a large percentage of the intercellular water must be replaced by a vitrifying cryoprotective agent (CPA) to avoid the damaging effects of ice formation. Current CPAs have toxic effects on human tissues, through mechanisms still poorly understood. As such, CPA toxicity remains one of the biggest barriers to clinical application of vitrification in human tissues, including in cryonics (1). In this project we will use cell biology and genomic methods to study the mechanisms of CPA toxicity.<br />
High-throughput gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n profiling has proven valuable to study the molecular mechanisms of a number of processes, including ageing and cellular responses to stress (2). Surprisingly very little work has been done to identify gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n signatures of cryopreservation or CPA stress in human tissues. Our project will employ functional genomics to study CPA toxicity and cryopreservation in order to identify promising mechanisms for pharmacological targeting.<br />
Human vascular endothelial cells are to be interrogated in this work. These are readily grown in culture and are critical for the integrity of all vascularised tissues. They can be vitrified but suffer from moderate CPA toxicity (3). Strikingly, CPA toxicity neutralization has not been studied in this cell type, and knowing if they exhibit this characteristic is essential. These cells are also important in protecting against reperfusion injury which is critical to cryonics. Therefore, studying CPA toxicity in vascular endothelial cells will not only advance the field but findings in these cells could have important practical applications in cryonics since the integrity of endothelial cells is crucial for whole organ outcome.<br />
<br />
The specific aims of this project are:<br />
1) Determine if vascular endothelial cells exhibit CPA toxicity neutralization;<br />
2) Employ large-scale gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n profiling to identify genes and mechanisms of CPA toxicity in vascular endothelial cells.<br />
<br />
<strong class='bbc'>Programme of Work</strong><br />
We will first optimize temperature/permeability coefficients for our cell line to avoid cell insult through osmotic effects. In accordance with the current cryopreservation protocols (4), we will cool cells through to the glass transition temperature at rapid cooling rates (1-3 degrees per minute) to achieve vitrification. CPA will be introduced and washed-out at 0 degrees.<br />
DMSO and ethylene glycol, which are common CPAs used in cryobiology, will be studied. We will use rapid warming. The CPA in LM5 carrier solution will be introduced to cells at 0 C in exponentially increasing concentration increments to reduce osmotic stress. The cells will be held in peak concentration of CPA for 30 minutes at 0 C and then the CPA removed from the cells by exposing them to exponentially decreasing concentration increments including mannitol osmotic buffer. A mortality curve will be constructed to establish LD50, the CPA concentration at which 50% of cells are dead.<br />
Once the above preparatory steps are performed, we will be able to carry out the required analyses to achieve the goals of the project:<br />
Aim 1): Toxicity neutralizers previously reported in other systems, such as amides and sugars (1), will be assayed for effects on LD50.<br />
Aim 2): For the gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n profiling we will focus on cells before and after treatment, with and without CPA. Digital gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n profiles will be obtained using RNA-seq (5), as already done in our lab. We will identify genes and pathways associated with 1) response to CPAs; 2) response to vitrification/rewarming. In this way, we will build up a body of data setting out critical factors in cryopreservation stress and responses to CPAs.<br />
Complementary histological analyses will be carried out to characterize any gross changes in cells and results will be interpreted together with gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n results.<br />
Overall, in addition to determining if endothelial cells exhibit CPA toxicity neutralization, this promises the first detailed molecular view of the current cryopreservation limitations in endothelial cells. Discovery of drug/protein interventions to overcome them can follow, for example by chemoinformatics using the gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n profiles obtained to identify drugs that modulate genes and pathways involved in CPA toxicity and thus translate our findings into the clinic.<br />
<br />
<strong class='bbc'>Milestones</strong><br />
#1 Optimize experimental conditions for our cell line.<br />
#2 Test CPA toxicity neutralization.<br />
#3 Perform gene exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n profiling.<br />
<br />
The project is flexible to allow adjustments (e.g., eliminating one of the aims) if sufficient funds are not raised.<br />
<br />
<strong class='bbc'>Budget</strong><br />
Graduate student (six months): $6,000<br />
Part-time bioinformatician (two months): $2,000<br />
Consumables: $1,000<br />
RNA-seq: $3,000<br />
Total: $12,000<br />
<br />
<strong class='bbc'>References</strong><br />
1. G. M. Fahy, Cryobiology 60, S45 (2010).<br />
2. J. P. de Magalhaes et al., Exp Gerontol 39, 1379 (2004).<br />
3. M. C. Wusteman et al., Cryobiology 44, 24 (2002).<br />
4. T. Takahashi et al., Cryobiology 23, 103 (1986).<br />
5. J. P. de Magalhaes et al., Ageing Res Rev 9, 315 (2010).<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
LongeCity continues its proud tradition to support small-scale, high-impact life extension research. This round, in honor of the pioneer Robert Ettinger recently placed in cryostasis, we were looking to support a project dealing with cryopreservation, cryobiology, biostasis or a related topic.<br />
<br />
<strong class='bbc'>The selection criteria: </strong><br />
<DIV style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; padding:4px; width:650px;"> A project should  <br />
- be basic or applied research but basic research should have potential for applied development<br />
- present short updates for Members with interim data, photos from the facility etc at agreed intervals<br />
- be led or overseen by a person with a postgraduate qualification in the relevant field or by a person with demonstrable equivalent experience<br />
- have clearly defined interim milestones<br />
- have a flexible project structure that can be adjusted according to the amount of money raised<br />
- be small in scale - one or two key workers<br />
- be short in duration - 6 months maximum<br />
- not be confidential. LongeCity will expect open and public presentation and discussion of research results. However, confidentiality will be accepted where a manuscript is prepared for publication or where a patent is filed.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
Out of several good submissions, the Board, in consultation with knowledgeable peer reviewers drew up a shortlist of two finalists, and the final selection was left to ImmInst Members in a referendum.<br />
<br />
<br />
In the portfolio of life extension research efforts, cryopreservation is a field that is very poorly funded.<br />
This is precisely where even a small community like LongeCity can make a real impact.<br />
Please consider making a donation, however small, and please spread the word as widely as possible to other potential donors.<br />
Every cent will donated will be matched by LongeCity up to an amount of $6000.<br />
<br />
As a <span style='font-size: 18px;'><strong class='bbc'>SPECIAL BONUS</strong></span>: if, together, we manage to support the project at least to a level where it can commence (~$10.000 = 5K from public donations) then LongeCity will <strong class='bbc'>also support the runner-up project </strong>proposed by Ben Best, Aschwin & Chana deWolfe to study the effect of blood washout and vitrification perfusion in a small animal mode, with a seed funding contribution of $1500l!!<br />
<br />
<Center><br />
<DIV style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; padding:7px; width:500px;"><b><font size="4">To donate</font></b><img src="http://www.imminst.org/forum/public/style_images/donation_tracker/verified/paypal_verified_seal_60x60.gif" hspace="5" align="right" vspace="5"><br />
<a href="http://www.longecity.org/forum/donate/goal-8-cryopreservation-research/"><b>Go to the main donate page here</b></a>. Every dollar donated will be matched by LongeCity up to an amount of $6000 total.<br />
<br />
<b><font size="4">Other ways to donate</font></b><br />
If you are <i>unable</i> to use the automated payment, your donation can also be made via <a href="http://www.longecity.org/googlpay.htm"><img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/googlchekout.png"></a>.<br />
<img src="http://www.longecity.org/images/oie_tschek.gif" hspace="3" align="right" vspace="3"><br />
Please note, every cent you donate will go directly to this cause.<br />
There are no admin costs or hidden charges - BUT we have to pay a fee for payment transfer services like paypal.<br />
Therefore, if you are thinking of making a larger donation ($400+), please consider sending it by cheque to<br />
<span style='color: #000080'><strong class='bbc'>LongeCity,<br />
1022 Stark Street<br />
Wausau, WI 54403, USA</strong></span><br />
Please include a note indicating your user/display name in the forums in the note section of the check, unless you wish to remain anonymous.<br />
</div></Center>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Jan 2012 19:02:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">42a0e188f5033bc65bf8d78622277c4e</guid>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>User Agreement</title>
		<link>http://www.longecity.org/forum/page/index.html/_/articles/longecity/bylawA</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<span style='font-size: 14px;'><b><a href="#A">Bylaw A. User Agreement</a> (Posting <a href="#A2"> Guidelines</a>)</b></span><br />
<br />
<hr><br />
<p><b><font size="5"><a name="A"></a>Bylaw A. User Agreement </font></b></p><br />
<br />
<p><strong class='bbc'>Article 1 </strong><br />
The following shall be the letter of the agreement that all visitors, Members and their guests will be asked to abide by when interacting with the LongeCity("ImmInst") website<strong class='bbc'>: Please read this Agreement carefully before accessing the Site.</strong> </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section01 The Nature of this Agreement </b><br />
(a) The following are the terms and conditions (the "Agreement") offered to any person ("you") for access and use (including but not limited to forum user registration) of the LongeCity/Immortality Institute (ImmInst) web site and all affiliated web sites (the "Site"). The Agreement is the basis for using and interacting with the ImmInst website. By accessing the Site, you agree to abide by this Agreement.<br />
(b) Access to the Site is a privilege and not a right. If you do not agree with this Agreement, or have no intention to follow the rules outlined herein, you may not use the Site. If you have any reason to interact with a representative<br />
of ImmInst, but you do not wish to follow these rules, please email support@imminst.org<br />
(&#99;) The information in this document is subject to change. These changes will be announced on the Site, but you must also agree to periodically review this document for changes. After eight (8) days of any change in the Rules, your continued use of the Site indicates your acceptance of any changes made. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section02 Account registration</b><br />
(a) Only natural persons aged 16 or above may register an account with ImmInst.<br />
(b) Each natural person may hold one single account. Registering with multiple accounts is not allowed unless specific permission is given by ImmInst.<br />
(&#99;) You may not use the account of another person unless such use is inadvertent and infrequent (e.g. using a family members login from the same computer not noticing that the person forgot to log out).<br />
(d) Persons whose accounts have been suspended, deleted or blocked by ImmInst may never register another account unless specific permission is given by ImmInst.<br />
(e) Users are free to choose any alias as long as the name is not offensive and as long as there is no risk that the username may be confused with a natural person, entity, initiative or endeavour that the person using the account is not authorised to represent. Final decisions on the acceptability of any user alias are made by ImmInst leadership.<br />
(f) An ImmInst Member who has been suspended or banned from the Site is not considered in good standing. A user who has been suspended or banned from the Site may not apply to become an ImmInst Member.<br />
(g) Accounts may be suspended, deleted, or changed by ImmInst for a variety of reasons including but not limited to a violation of this user agreement. If you are unsure why your account is inaccessible you can email support@imminst.org.<br />
You must not register a new account the without express permission from the Secretary.<br />
(h) When an account has been suspended, Members will be notified within 8 days of suspension and may appeal to the Secretary within 8 days after receiving such notification. If no agreement can be reached with the Secretary, the Member may appeal the case to the Board. There is no right to appeal for users or other individuals who are not Members. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section03 Content </b><br />
(a) ImmInst provides an open platform for registered users to share text, video, audio, programmes, scripts, files, hyperlinks and other material on the Site ("Content") as long as such sharing is lawful and not in contravention of this<br />
Agreement. However, ImmInst does not undertake to scrutinise, evaluate, test or verify any Content prior to it being shared on the Site.<br />
(b) Content from the Site may be downloaded solely for your own non-commercial use.<br />
(&#99;) You understand that by using the Site, you may be exposed to Content that you may deem offensive, indecent or objectionable.<br />
(d) ImmInst does not control the Content contributed by users and, consequently, provides no guarantee as to the correctness, integrity or fitness of such Content.<br />
(e) Content are the responsibility of the person from whom such Content originated. You agree that you and not ImmInst, are entirely responsible for all Content that you upload, post, email, link, transmit or otherwise make available via the Site.<br />
(f) When contributing Content, you agree that this Content may be edited or deleted or rendered to display in a different manner at the discretion of ImmInst.<br />
(g) ImmInst will not use Content you contribute for commercial gain without your express permission, but cannot warrant or guarantee in any way that others who you decide to share the Content with might not use it for commercial activities.<br />
(h) ImmInst cannot be held responsible for any Content that has been contributed through its open platform. ImmInst will not react to requests to verify, redact, edit, delete or obfuscate any Content. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section04 Intellectual Property & Privacy </b><br />
(a) By contributing Content you agree that you shall have no recourse against ImmInst for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in relation to the Content that you have contributed.<br />
(b) By contributing your own original Content you agree to make this Content available in perpetuity under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. <a href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/' class='bbc_url' title='External link' rel='nofollow external'>http://creativecommo...-nc-nd/3.0/us/</a>unless you give express notification to the contrary at the same time that you contribute the Content.<br />
(&#99;) ImmInst will not share private data with third parties without your consent, however ImmInst may use the information it obtains as a result of your visiting and/or registering with the Site for the purpose of enforcing this Agreement or in order to save a life or prevent unlawful activity.<br />
(d) ImmInst is not responsible if you decide to post or share private information about yourself or others on the forum. ImmInst will not normally redact, remove or alter such data if you subsequently change your mind.</p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section05 Limitation of Liability </b><br />
(a) In no event will ImmInst be liable for consequential or incidental damages<br />
which may arise in connection with your use of the Site. Accordingly, you agree that ImmInst shall not be responsible to you or anyone else for any loss-of-profit, direct, indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages<br />
arising out of the use of the site.<br />
(b) You acknowledge that the limitations set forth herein are integral to the amount of consideration levied in connection with the access and use of the Site and any services rendered hereunder and that, were ImmInst to assume any further liability other than as set forth herein, such consideration would of necessity be set substantially higher.<br />
(&#99;) You agree to defend, indemnify and hold ImmInst and its officers, directors,agents, and employees harmless against all costs, expenses, and losses, incurred from any violation of this Agreement (including negligent or wrongful conduct) by your use and access of the Site.<br />
(d) ImmInst provides the Site and associated information "as is" and does not make any direct or indirect express or implied warranties.<br />
(e) ImmInst does not verify the credentials of anyone contributing Content to the site and does not endorse any Content that is contributed as advice. Anyone providing advice and guidance on or in association with the site is doing this strictly in a personal capacity, whether or not this person has an official role with ImmInst, unless the advice is specifically, expressly and in each instance authorised by an ImmInst director. Users are reminded that 'Advisors' are advising the ImmInst board on policy. This does not constitute an endorsement by ImmInst of that Advisors communications with others.</p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section06 Basic Prohibitions</b><br />
(a) The following activities are strictly prohibited and may lead to immediate suspension or deletion of the account, court action and notification of law enforcement officials.<br />
(b) Violating any applicable local, state, national or international law;<br />
(&#99;) Personal threats to anybody, whether or not that person is using the Site<br />
(d) Misrepresenting yourself as a person who you are not.<br />
(e) Representing yourself as affiliated with an organisation without due authorisation.<br />
(f) Contributing Content that contains a virus, any type of malware or corrupted data;<br />
(g) Interacting with the Site in such a way as to seriously impair the functioning or usability of the Site including but not limited to excessive contribution of irrelevant Content;<br />
(h) Display the contents of the Site on a different web site without permission.<br />
(i) Violate the Site's security including but not limited to accessing unauthorized data or logging into an account or attempt to log into an account for which you do not have authorization, scan or test for hardware or software<br />
vulnerabilities, perform a denial of service attack, attempt to spread a virus or malware, or falsify TCP/IP information.<br />
(j) Contributing any solicitation including but not limited to advertising, promotional materials, junk mail, spam, chain letters, pyramid schemes (also see section 8 below) </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section07 Content related to health </b><br />
(a) Any and all advice and/or opinion provided is strictly personal and never endorsed by ImmInst, nor should it be construed to be the official policy of ImmInst to provide health advice.<br />
(b) You must seek professional medical advice prior to embarking on any course or treatment associated with any Content on the Site.<br />
(&#99;) You must determine what government regulations exist associated with the procurement and use of restricted substances such that they do not contravene any laws in your country.<br />
(d) All Information on the ImmInst Forums, including those associated with health, sciences fora are provided as an area for the open exchange of anecdotal experience and information, not as a professional source of advice. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section08 Advertising, promotions and commercial activity</b><br />
(a) Organisations or individuals seeking to advertise on the Site must first apply to ImmInst for such approval.<br />
(b) Advertising is any Content (including private messages) that draws attention to, solicits, endorses, offers for sale, links to, critiques or otherwise relates to goods or services where one of the parties involved in initiating such Content or one of their associates stands to benefit from financial transactions that may results from such Content.<br />
(&#99;) ImmInst seeks to limit surreptitious advertising where users who may have a financial stake in such matters contribute Content simply to increase product desirability or brand awareness. Such Content will be censored on the basis of suspicion alone. On occasion, 'innocent' Content may inadvertently be subjected to such censure. Users should be aware of this and are kindly asked to refrain from protest in these cases, as the common aim is to increase the quality of Content on the Site.<br />
(d) Even if a promotion has been agreed by ImmInst, this does not imply, and no-one must imply that this constitutes an official endorsement by ImmInst of the promotion, the organisation and individual conducting the promotion or the<br />
promoted products or procedures.<br />
(e) Users must not use the Site for initiating or conducting commercial transactions, whether in private messages, or by using contact details displayed on the Site unless expressly authorised by ImmInst. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section09 Posting Guidelines</b><br />
(a) Users must agree to consider the posting guidelines as specified in Article<br />
2. Adherence to these guidelines is monitored by ImmInst Moderators, Directors and other designated Officers.<br />
(b) Violation of a guideline will incur a warning. Repeat violation on more than three separate occasions will result in a time-limited suspension of the user account ranging from eight days to eight years.<br />
(&#99;) Disputes regarding the enforcement of posting guidelines should be taken up, in the first instance, with the Moderator who has issued the warning. If no resolution can be found in dialogue, the dispute can be notified to the Lead Moderator. Warnings issued by the Lead Moderator can be disputed with the Secretary. Users who have an open dispute with a Moderator cannot be warned again by the same Moderator &ndash; but the Moderator in question may still report questionable posts by that user.<br />
(d) ImmInst has reserved a forum for the exp<b></b>ressi&#111;n of free speech known as the William O'Rights Memorial Forum. ImmInst will not restrict Content in this forum even if it violates the posting guidelines as long as such Content does not violate the other provisions in this Agreement. This is a forum where users can engage in 'flame wars', ensure that posts are not interfered with by a Moderator, or complain about ImmInst without threat of censure. </p><br />
<br />
<span style='font-size: 24px;'><p><b><a name="A2"></a>Article 2 Posting Guidelines</b>: </p></span><br />
<p><b>Section01 A-- General tone of conversations</b><br />
(a) A.1-- Be polite. That does not mean that you cannot try to destroy another&rsquo;s argument utterly but never lose your tone or your temper while doing so. Also under no circumstances should you employ personal judgments or remarks about people themselves rather than their arguments. Aside from the fact that such judgments are more often than not ill founded, they drag down the overall quality of the discussion as well as costing time and space.<br />
(b) A.2-- Some words are generally considered offensive terms, in polite conversation such as "fuck, "shit", "faggot" or "nigger". Causing offence rarely if ever helps to elevate the quality of a discussion. Generally, use of such words will result in a warning or ban, but discretion may be exercised depending on the context. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section02 B-- General writing style </b><br />
(a) B.1-- Do not write excessive amounts of text. Be concise! No one has the time or the inclination to plough through a pile of superfluous rhetoric in order to discover your main points. If you really feel that you have to write an essay, then write a summary at the end as every considerate essay-writer would do.<br />
(b) B.2-- While every caution is advised about over-using the forums design tools, please by all means DO use them, if this helps to make the text more accessible. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section03 C-- Starting a new topic </b><br />
(a) C.1-- Before starting a new topic please consider if the topic is informative, or will stimulate an interesting discourse.<br />
(b) C.2-- Please check if the issue has been discussed before on the Site (It is not important to be a 100% sure about this &ndash; the ImmInst forums are quite large and old. But please make a quick search, especially if you have not been with the community for long. Sometimes, it may make sense to open a new topic anyway, but would be great if you could reference previous discussions.)<br />
(&#99;) C.3-- Please think about a good title. (This is very important. Please spend some time on considering the title. Titles like "A Question", "Hello" or "Life Extension" may lead to an otherwise interesting topic being deleted. Challenging titles may draw a lot of visitors will still incur a warning if they are not informative. Give full titles. "Vitamin E" is bad, "Vitamin E harmful?" is not as good as "Risk of Vitamin E supplements in Cancer".)<br />
(d) C.4-- Is it a privileged topic? (ImmInst Members can create new topics over which they, as threadstarter have editorial control. This is to empower members who are willing to put in a bit of work to maximise the quality and values of a discussion thread. Other contributors must be alerted to the threadstarters intention in the first post, but cannot subsequently complain if their posts are edited.</p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section04 D-- Replying to topics</b><br />
(a) D.1-- Please ask yourself "Does my reply offer a significant contribution?"<br />
<br />
(b) D.2-- It is critical that you try to keep follow-up posts on topic. Avoid going off on a different tangent. If it occurs to you that this might be another thread, open a new thread and put a link to it in the old one. The last word about relevance stays with the Moderators or the threadstarter.<br />
(&#99;) D.3-- As an extension of the previous point, do not derail a topic with fundamental critique even if you think that this would desirable. In particular do not question the necessity of a certain life-extension technique by referring to another method that seems more relevant to you. (Two examples: do not answer a question about the capacity of artificial intelligence to value human emotion correctly by stating that the &lsquo;Singularity&rsquo; is a bunch of nonsense anyway; Do not intrude on an exchange about the bioavailability of resveratrol by stating that you don't care because you are signed up for cryonics)<br />
(d) D.4-- Refrain from posting personal information unless it is inherently necessary to elaborate your views or position.<br />
(e) D.5-- There is usually no benefit for people in reading that you agree unless you give an explanation to go with it.<br />
(f) D.6-- You do not have to be an expert on the subject matter, but if you feel that you really don&rsquo;t know enough about the subject, then ask informed questions before stepping into the ring for debate. If someone posts a link or uploads an article- read it before you go on. Also read the posts of your predecessors and be aware of related discussions elsewhere </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section05 E-- Posting images</b><br />
(a) E.1-- You are welcome to post your own images and drawings when they are relevant to sharing knowledge. Irrelevant or excessive positing of images, including emoticons (smiles) often diminishes quality of the Content and will likely incur a warning.<br />
(b) E.2-- Showing images to illustrate a point or make a humorous quip is popular with some posters, but please consider if such posts could derail a discussion or create issues around copyright infringement.<br />
(&#99;) E.3-- Please be considerate about causing embarrassment when sharing images. As a rule of thumb, if you would be uncomfortable viewing it at work, do not post it.<br />
(d) E.4-- Avatars: ImmInst encourages users to use a small portrait (passport-type) photograph as 'Avatar' of themselves, but this is not a requirement. However, the use of other peoples photographs or the Imminst logo as Avatar is not allowed. </p><br />
<br />
<p><b>Section06 F-- Quotes and references </b><br />
(a) F.1-- When replying to a previous post by quoting it, only quote precisely enough text as is necessary to understand your reply. Using the "reply" function in the forums will quote the entire post that you are replying to. Do not use this feature without due consideration.<br />
(b) F.2-- If you quote, reference the quote properly, but only quote the important bits. (It is customary to put alterations to a quote in square brackets and indicate left-out bits by putting &ldquo;...&rdquo;) Do not quote whole articles, rather give a link or upload them. If you have to quote a substantial passage, then indicate the important passages that you want to draw attention too.<br />
(&#99;) F.3-- The use of references is strongly encouraged. Such references should contain enough information to find the relevant source with one or two mouse clicks. When using a link, please remember that the hypertext url may be specific to your own access and useless to others. </p>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 23:11:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">7f1de29e6da19d22b51c68001e7e0e54</guid>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>