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Oxiracetam Research


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#1 LifeMirage

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Posted 15 October 2002 - 12:43 AM


Oxiracetam In Dementia

Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1993 Feb;15(1):44-52.
Treatment of cognitive impairment secondary to degenerative dementia. Effectiveness of oxiracetam therapy.


Rozzini R, Zanetti O, Bianchetti A. Department of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Orsola, Brescia.

The effectiveness of Oxiracetam (1600 mg/day) versus placebo was assessed in a group of 96 out-patients suffering from cognitive disorders secondary to primary degenerative dementia. The study lasted twelve months and was performed in two stage, a) double-blind (26 weeks) and b) open study (26 weeks). The assessment of the results obtained at 2, 6 and 12 months was carried out following both the methodology based on neuropsychological tests and scales, and the study of the simple reaction time by any of a computerized portable tachystoscope. The patients treated with Oxiracetam showed a statistically significant improvement of simple reaction time and cognitive function detected by the Attention matrix. In the placebo group after twelve months a significant worsening of cognitive and global function was observed in comparison with baseline scores. The patients themselves appeared in favor of Oxiracetam. The drug tolerability proved to be very good for the whole duration of the treatment. The authors believe that Oxiracetam favorably acts on the symptoms of senile cerebral deterioration and can improve the capability of information processing, as suggested by the better performances obtained at the reaction time test and at the Attentional Matrix test.

Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1992 Apr;14(2):117-26.
Effectiveness of oxiracetam therapy in the treatment of cognitive deficiencies secondary to primary degenerative dementia.


Rozzini R, Zanetti O, Bianchetti A. Department of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Opsola, Brescia.

The effectiveness of oxiracetam (1600 mg/day) vs placebo was assessed in a group of 96 out-patients suffering from cognitive disorders secondary to primary degenerative dementia. The study, performed in double-blind, lasted 26 weeks and is expected to be continued in open conditions until a whole year of treatment is completed. The assessment of the results obtained at 6 months was carried out following both the methodology based on neuropsychological tests and scales, and the study of the simple reaction time by any of a computerised portable tachystoscope. The patients treated with oxiracetam showed a statistically significant improvement of cognitive function and simple reaction time. No significant variations in the scores of the tests used were observed in the placebo group. The patients themselves appeared in favour of oxiracetam. The drug tolerability proved to be very good for the whole duration of the treatment. The authors believe that oxiracetam favourably acts on the symptoms of senile cerebral deterioration and can improve the capability of information processing, as suggested by the better performances obtained at the reaction time tests.

Acta Neurol Scand. 1992 Sep;86(3):237-41.
Oxiracetam in dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.


Bottini G, Vallar G, Cappa S, Monza GC, Scarpini E, Baron P, Cheldi A, Scarlato G. Department of Neurology, University of Milan, Italy.

A multicentre, double-blind, between-patient study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oxiracetam (800 mg tablet), in comparison with placebo, each given twice daily for 12 weeks to patients suffering from primary degenerative, multi-infarct or mixed dementia. Efficacy was assessed by a neuropsychological battery (simple reaction time, controlled associations, short story, Raven's Progressive Matrices, token test, digit span, word list learning), administered at the beginning and at the end of the study, and by a quality of life scale, administered at entry and after 6 and 12 weeks treatment. 65 patients (28 men, 37 women, mean age 71 yrs) were enrolled; 58 completed the study: 2 on oxiracetam were withdrawn because of poor tolerability, 2 (one in each group) were withdrawn for poor compliance, one (on oxiracetam) for the occurrence of a transient ischaemic attack (defined as not related to the treatment) and 2 for administrative reasons. A significantly (p < 0.01) different effect in favour of oxiracetam was observed on the quality of life scale, and confirmed by significant (defined according to the Bonferroni technique) differences in some neuropsychological tests (e.g. controlled associations, short story). 4 patients in the oxiracetam group complained of a total of 5 unwanted effects, and 1 on placebo complained of 3 unwanted effects, but none of them was withdrawn from the study.

Neuropsychobiology. 1992;25(1):24-8.
Clinical studies with oxiracetam in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia of mild to moderate degree.


Villardita C, Grioli S, Lomeo C, Cattaneo C, Parini J. Department of Neurology, University of Catania, Italy.

The cognitive and behavioral effects and the safety of oxiracetam therapy during a placebo-controlled trial and the relevant follow-up up to 1 year in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) of mild to moderate degree were studied. 60 male and female outpatients participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial, comparing the effects of oxiracetam 800 mg b.i.d. and placebo during 90 days of treatment. At the end of therapy, statistical analysis evidenced significant improvements in the group receiving oxiracetam in respect to the placebo group on Mini Mental State Examination, Auditory Continuous Performance Test, Rey's 15 Words Test, Block Tapping Test, Mattis Word Fluency, Luria Alternating Series and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Afterwards, 29 of the 30 patients who received oxiracetam, participated in the open follow-up study, receiving 800 mg b.i.d. oxiracetam for a total standard period of 1 year. Statistical improvements in comparison to baseline were again found on the same tests of the first 90 days (except for Rey's 15 Words Test) and on the Memory item of the Inventory of Psychic and Somatic Complaints Elderly. During the late phase of the follow-up, statistically significant worsenings in comparison to baseline were observed on Digit Span Backward, Gibson's Spiral and some non-memory items of IPSC-E. Neither severe adverse events were observed during the whole study, nor changes in routine laboratory examinations. In conclusion, in the present population of patients with mild to moderate degree dementia, the safety of 1,600 mg/day of oxiracetam also up to 1 year of treatment was confirmed.

Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1991 Feb;13(1):1-12.
A clinical and neurophysiological trial on nootropic drugs in patients with mental decline.


Gallai V, Mazzotta G, Del Gatto F, Montesi S, Mazzetti A, Dominici P, Della Monica A. Istituto di Clinica Delle Malattie Nervose e Mentali Universita di Perugia, Milano.

The different expressions of mental decline in elderly people, from simple senile benign forgetfulness to SDAT, can be evaluated by psychometric and neurophysiological tests. In the present study, the effects of oxiracetam, piracetam and placebo were compared in a group of elderly subjects. The results of the trial, structured as single blind, clearly showed that nootropics positively effect both clinical and neurophysiological performances and that oxiracetam produces a more pronounced effect when compared to piracetam. In fact, oxiracetam was found more effective in improving psychometric scales such as GDS (clinical performances) as well as the amplitude and the latency of the P300 (neurophysiological performances), which reflect a functional recovery of the cerebral pathways related to attention and memory.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1989;13(5):673-82.
Oxiracetam in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia.


Baumel B, Eisner L, Karukin M, MacNamara R, Katz RJ, Deveaugh-Geiss J. Development Department (CNS) CIBA-GEIGY Corp, Summit, NJ.

1. Initial clinical trials in approximately 200 patients with dementias of diverse etiology suggested that oxiracetam, a structural analogue of the nootropic piracetam, was of some benefit in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. 2. Because previous studies had not specifically examined the effects of oxiracetam upon dementias of vascular origin, the present study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of oxiracetam in the treatment of symptoms of multi-infarct dementia (MID) of mild to moderate severity. 3. Incremental doses of up to 1200 mg oxiracetam daily were tested in a dose-range finding design in a group of patients with clinically and neuropsychologically confirmed MID. 4. Based on improvement in global evaluations of clinical change, our analysis suggests that the drug may be of some benefit in MID.

Neuropsychobiology. 1989;21(3):141-5.
Oxiracetam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.


Maina G, Fiori L, Torta R, Fagiani MB, Ravizza L, Bonavita E, Ghiazza B, Teruzzi F, Zagnoni PG, Ferrario E, et al. Clinica Psichiatrica, Universita di Torino, Italia.

A multicentre, double-blind, between-patient study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oxiracetam (800-mg tablets), in comparison with placebo, each given twice daily for 12 weeks to patients suffering from primary degenerative, multi-infarct or mixed forms of dementia. Efficacy was assessed by the Inventory of Psychic and Somatic Complaints in the Elderly (IPSC-E), administered at entry and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, and by the Blessed Dementia Scale and the Newcastle Memory, Information and Concentration Scale (NMICS), administered at the beginning and at the end of the study. Three hundred and seven patients were enrolled, 18 of whom were excluded from the analysis because of violation of the protocol. 289 patients were analyzed (145 m, 144 f, mean age 73 years) and 272 completed the study; 3 patients in each treatment group were withdrawn because of poor tolerability, 10 because of poor compliance and 1 patient because of the occurrence of a cerebral stroke. A significantly (p less than 0.01) different effect, in favor of oxiracetam, was observed in the three main efficacy criteria (i.e. IPSC-E, Blessed Dementia Scale and NMIC total scores), and confirmed by descriptive analyses carried out on some subitems of the scales used. 31 patients on oxiracetam and 27 on placebo complained of a total of 35 and 32 minor unwanted effects, respectively. No clinically or statistically significant changes were observed on routine laboratory examinations.

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1989 Summer;1(3):249-52.
Oxiracetam in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and primary degenerative dementia.


Dysken MW, Katz R, Stallone F, Kuskowski M. Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center, MN.

Oxiracetam is a recently synthesized nootropic that was tested as a potential treatment for cognitive decline in patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) and primary degenerative dementia (PDD). Subjects were 34 MID patients and 39 PDD patients who met entrance criteria for the study. A repeated measures ANOVA showed significant improvement in both patients with MID and patients with PDD for word fluency. The total score on the Relatives' Assessment of Global Symptomatology-Elderly showed significant improvement for patients with PDD. The average score on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, however, showed a significant decline for patients with PDD.

Neuropsychobiology. 1989;22(2):97-100.
Neuropsychological results of long-term therapy with oxiracetam in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia in comparison with a control group.


Parnetti L, Mecocci P, Petrini A, Longo A, Buccolieri A, Senin U. Cattedra Gerontologia e Geriatria, Policlinico Monteluce, Perugia, Italia.

The cognitive and behavioral effects of oxiracetam therapy during long-term treatment in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) were studied in comparison with a historical control group. Twenty DAT/MID outpatients, aged 54-86 years, received oxiracetam (800 mg twice a day) for a period of 6 months. Another 20 DAT/MID outpatients, aged 67-85 years, were selected from our clinical records in order to obtain a control group of patients matched for age, sex, diagnosis, baseline Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and follow-up duration. All the patients were diagnosed as having mild to moderate degrees of dementia as defined by a baseline MMSE score between 14 and 24. The patients of both groups underwent, both at baseline and after 6 months, the following neuropsychological tests: MMSE, Idiopathic Cerebral Dysfunction Scale, Babcock Test, Gibson Spiral, Toulouse-Pieron Test. Statistical analysis of experimental data demonstrated that at baseline the two groups were comparable. At the end of the study period the oxiracetam group scored significantly better on the majority of the tests evaluating memory, attention, orientation, concentration and psychomotricity than the control group, in which a worsening trend was seen on the whole. No side effects were seen during oxiracetam treatment. The present study, showing positive clinical findings after long-term oxiracetam therapy in controlled conditions, confirms that this drug can be a useful pharmacological treatment for mild to moderate degrees of dementia.

J Neural Transm Suppl. 1987;24:293-8.
Clinical and neuropsychological study with oxiracetam versus placebo in patients with mild to moderate dementia.


Villardita C, Parini J, Grioli S, Quattropani M, Lomeo C, Scapagnini U. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.

40 out-patients with a mild to moderate degree of dementia (11 less than or equal to MMSE less than 24) participated in a between-subjects (n = 20 + 20) double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial comparing the effects of oxiracetam 800 mg bid and placebo during 90 days of treatment. At the end of therapy, statistical analysis (ANOVA) detected significant differences between groups: after oxiracetam treatment, improvements were observed on Mini Mental State Examination, Auditory Continuous Performance Test, Block Tapping Test, Word Fluency and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. No side effects were observed. In conclusion, in the present population of patients with mild to moderate degree dementia, 1600 mg/day of oxiracetam was effective in enhancing both attentional activities and other, more complex, neuropsychological functions.

Clin Neuropharmacol. 1986;9 Suppl 3:S70-2.
CNS pharmacology and clinical therapeutic effects of oxiracetam.


Itil TM, Menon GN, Songar A, Itil KZ.

Oxiracetam, a new substance found to be a nootropic in experimental pharmacological studies, was tested in three clinical trials: a single rising dose tolerance and dose-finding study with quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalogram (pharmaco-EEG) and quantitative pharmacopsychology in healthy volunteers; a dose-finding study, at three dose levels for 3 months, with quantitative pharmaco-EEG in mild to moderate dementia patients; and a safety and efficacy study with increasing dosages for 12 weeks with subjective and objective tests in elderly patients with dementia. In single and repeated oral dosages up to 2,400 mg, oxiracetam is a safe compound. According to HZI Data Bank Classification Systems, oxiracetam is a vigilance-enhancing compound with some effects on spontaneous memory. The therapeutic effect of oxiracetam can be discriminated from placebo, and in comparison with piracetam, oxiracetam exhibits greater improvement in memory factor.


Source: Medline

Edited by LifeMirage, 31 May 2005 - 07:11 AM.


#2 sja_

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Posted 31 August 2004 - 02:32 PM

What doses have people been taking? This study does not take into account the "stacking" of racetams. I recently purchased some ox and was going to start at 600mgX2 along with pir and anir wich I have been taking at 800X2 and 00X2 respectively.

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#3 nootropi

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Posted 31 August 2004 - 09:24 PM

What doses have people been taking?  This study does not take into account the "stacking" of racetams.  I recently purchased some ox and was going to start at 600mgX2 along with pir and anir wich I have been taking at 800X2 and 00X2 respectively.


Briefly:

I currently take (daily):

500 X 2 aniracetam
600 X 2 oxiracetam
800 X 2 piracetam

I lowered the doses a bit on these because I started getting *a bit* of that "nootropic overstimulation effect." Make sure you take a hefty dose of Alpha GPC or another quality choline supplement.

Gotta go for now; I have a final exam this Friday...

Take care.
:)
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