TTom, on Feb 26 2010, 02:11 AM, said:
The long-term effects of smoking kills. Period.
Show some hard science (such as experiments or
randomized trials) that demonstrate this claim. The only thing you have demonstrated is that you have swallowed and internalized the full load from antismoking con men.
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Just in case you need a study to prove smoking kills, here is one: The British Medical Journal published a 50 year study starting in 1951 which concluded in 2001, titled: "Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors." It found that men participants who smoked only cigarettes and continued smoking died on average about 10 years younger than lifelong non-smokers. YES, DIED! Cessation at age 60, 50, 40, or 30 years gained, respectively, about 3, 6, 9, or 10 years of life expectancy. Prolonged cigarette smoking from early adult life tripled age specific mortality rates. Those who stopped smoking early enough, in their 30's were able to avoid most (not all) of cigarettes effects. In the end, the results of this 50 year study clearly stated: "The excess mortality associated with smoking chiefly involved vascular, neoplastic, and respiratory diseases that can be caused by smoking." If you look up mortality it means death. Simply put - smoking kills!
Attributing causal role to correlations on
non-randomized samples (such as Doll & Hill study of UK doctors) is the surest sign of
junk science. By that "logic" you could as well "conclude" that using prescription medications will kill you, since in any age group those who use them have shorter life expectancy than those who don't use them. Further, similarly to tobacco in Doll's UK doctors "study" you mention, those who "quit" using the prescription meds will have longer life-span than those who don't quit, and among the 'quitters' those who quit earlier will do better than those who quit later,... Hence, we can surely "conclude" that prescription meds kill. You can rewrite your entire paragraph substituting 'smoking' with 'using prescription meds' and it will hold equally at statistical level, yet the conclusion "hence, X kills" will be equally false.
Why is such leap of "logic" invalid? Because the reason someone is user, non-user or former user, of prescription meds is not a status
randomly assigned to the subjects by a researcher (in which case any association with the outcomes can be attributted, with appropriate statistical caveats dependent on sample size, to the factor being randomly assigned), but rather that status is
caused by something else which by itself may be causing shorter life span and thus leading to the positive correlation between the use of meds and shorter life-spans.
The mere statistical associations between an adverse health outcome D and some factor X observed on
non-randomized (self-selected) subjects, be it {smokers, ex-smokers, never-smokers} or {med users, ex-users, never-users }, can equally mean
protective/therapeutic role of X or
causal role of X regarding outcome D. Such non-randomized association merely means that both X and D are within the same, often complex and largely unknown,
web of causes and effects, but it doesn't tell you what is the nature (e.g. causal, protective) of the chain of links between X and D. In contrast to common junk science scams, in the
real science, observation of such non-randomized correlation between X and D is at best a
hint of causality that requires
hard science (experiments, randomized trials) followup to disentangle the web of causes and effects to which X and D belong. The antismoking "science" has been
stuck in this "hint phase" for over six decades (it was originally created by Nazi "health science" in 1930s, Hitler being fanatical antismoker and the original 'health nazi', where Doll studied at the time, and after the war he revived it in 1950, without mentioning its nazi roots).

This peculiar
hint-hint nature of
antismoking "science" was already noticed
in 1958 by none other than the father of modern scientific statistics, famous British mathematician
R. A. Fisher, who
called their bluff (pdf):
But the time has passed, and although further investigation, in a sense, has taken place, it has consisted largely of the repetition of observations of the same kind as those which Hill and his colleagues called attention several years ago. I read a recent article to the effect that nineteen different investigations in different parts of the world had all concurred in confirming Dr. Hill's findings. I think they had concurred, but I think they were mere repetitions of evidence of the same kind...Yet, here we are, not 8 years when Fisher pointed out this oddity, but six decades later, and the anstismoking "science" is still circling in that same hint-loop that Fisher objected to. For fairness sake, not that they haven't tried hard science. Unfortunately for their cause, it always backfired -- the smoking test animals lived longer than non-smoking ones and in the few randomized human trials that were done, the 'quit smoking group' ended up with more lung cancers or heart attacks than 'smoking group' controls. So, what can they do but stick with what "works" -- pointing finger at the correlations on non-randomized samples with a wink-wink to their 'journalist' and 'educator' stooges to spread the hysteria, along with vicious hatred, social and economic abuse of smokers (the largely poor folks just trying to
self-medicate with this traditional medicinal plant).
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The lungs consist of about 3000 delicate, small sacs called allveoli.
BTW, each human lung has ~300 million alveoli.
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Okay so let's put aside the proven medical studies for a moment and let's just use our common sense here. God, nature, evolution or whatever you choose to believe in provided us with lungs to sustain life. The lungs were made for taking in oxygen not smoke of any kind regardless if it is tobacco or lettuce leaf smoke.
No one has a bluperint for what Nature or God, or whoever, had in mind for our lungs, our brains, our hands,.... Otherwise you wouldn't be typing this, since surely, your
fingers "were not made" for typing on the keyboards, but merely for holding onto branches, picking flees from your buddies backs, grubs to eat,... In nature,
anything that works, goes. In biochemistry of live organisms every enzyme, protein or general molecule, has myriad of uses, depending on location and context. Absorbtion of substances via skin or lungs (even eyes, ears, nose,...) has long been used in medicine (have you heard of medicinal creams, patches, inhalers, aromatherapy,
medicinal smoke,...). As to the toxic smoke scare stories that you've been kind enough to retell, go back in time to the
lightening scorched primordial soup few billions years ago. You will find all those scary, all 'burned' organic molecules, dancing to some cosmic tune, weaving the first life on Earth. If live cells have learned how to do anything at all by now, it is how to process safely the oxidized organic molecules. These are the kinds of organic molecules that gave rise to life and that still make the life go (oxidation/reduction cycle).
Keep also in mind that about 100mg (less than third of an aspirin tablet) of tobacco smoke matter absorbed per pack of cigarettes via 75 m^2 lung surface, is dwarfed by tens of thousands larger quantity of matter absorbed daly via digestive system, from foods and beverages. Since virtually every organic molecule you ingest has to undergo biochemical breakdown, before it is used as a building block or for energy (via oxidative processes), the potentially damaging oxidative processes, along with all their 'scary' free radicals byproducts, go on continuously in each of your cells 24/7. The quantities of matter involved in this vast biochemical factory making up your body are many orders of magnitude greater than the 100mg of matter/pack abosorbed from oxidized plant's leaf cells (smoking). There is more oxidation and its byproducts from one peanut or one blueberry, by the time it is fully processed and used up inside your cells, than a smoker ingests from pack of cigarettes (where much of oxidation takes place safely away from your cells).
Further, unlike most foods you ingest in thousands times greater quantities than tobacco smoke matter, some unknown components of tobacco smoke upregulate all the main internal antioxidant and detox enzymes --
nearly doubling glutathione, catalase and SOD, which vastly offsets any oxidative stress from the 100mg of tobacco matter ingested. Consequently, among others, smoking doubles smoker's detox rates for virtually any toxic materials (heavy metals, exhaust fumes,...) they are exposed to. Hence people exposed to such toxic materials at work or in their living environment, or those genetically sensitive to them, will instinctively use
smoking as self-medication (to protect & help detox from the noxious exposures), resulting in the observed statistical associations of smoking with 'smoking
related diseases'. That is no different than association between using sunglasses and sunburns -- those who use sunglasses more, will have more sunburns (and also, the ex-users will have less sunburns than the current users), even though sunglasses are protective against the sun's radiation, and they certainly don't cause sunburns.