The amount of vitamin K2 (from menaquinone-7) in Vimmortal 1.0 was 45 mcg or 56% DV.
Is there any recent research or rationale for changing the amount of K2 in Vimmortal 2.0?
Posted 07 February 2012 - 10:03 PM
Posted 08 February 2012 - 03:40 AM
Posted 08 February 2012 - 01:46 PM
J Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Oct;39(4):239-47.
Vitamin K2 induces phosphorylation of protein kinase A and expression of novel target genes in osteoblastic cells.
Source
Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction,, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
Abstract
Vitamin K is known as a critical nutrient required for bone homeostasis and blood coagulation, and it is clinically used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis in Japan. Besides its enzymatic action as a cofactor of vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), we have previously shown that vitamin K(2) is a transcriptional regulator of bone marker genes and extracellular matrix-related genes, by activating the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR). To explore a novel action of vitamin K in osteoblastic cells, we identified genes up-regulated by a vitamin K(2) isoform menaquinone-4 (MK-4) using oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Among these up-regulated genes by MK-4, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) were identified as novel MK-4 target genes independent of GGCX and SXR pathways in human and mouse osteoblastic cells. The induction of GDF15 and STC2 is likely specific to MK-4, as it was not exerted by another vitamin K(2) isoform MK-7, vitamin K(1), or the MK-4 side chain structure geranylgeraniol. Investigation of the involved signaling pathways revealed that MK-4 enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), and the MK-4-dependent induction of both GDF15 and STC2 genes was reduced by the treatment with a PKA inhibitor H89 or siRNA against PKA. These results suggest that vitamin K(2) modulates its target gene expression in osteoblastic cells through the PKA-dependent mechanism, which may be distinct from the previously known vitamin K signaling pathways.
PMID: 17909264 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Posted 08 February 2012 - 09:04 PM
Posted 08 February 2012 - 10:18 PM
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