"Carvacrol. Carvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol isolated from aromatic herbs including oregano
and thyme … showed that carvacrol administration (12.5 mg/kg, by mouth [PO] for 7 days) can raise
5-HT and dopamine ranges in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex"
http://www.longecity...il-coconut-oil/ "
The antimicrobial properties of volatile aromatic oils and medium-chain fatty acids derived from edible plants have been recognized since antiquity. To give examples, Origanum oil, used as a food-flavoring agent, possesses a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity due, at least in part, to its high content of phenolic derivatives such as carvacrol and thymol. Similarly, lauric acid, present in heavy concentrations in coconuts, forms monolaurin in the body that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. Using Staphylococcus aureus in broth cultures and a microdilution method, comparative efficacy of Origanum oil, and a constituent carvacrol, other essential oils and monolaurin were examined. Origanum oil was the most potent of the essential oils tested and proved bactericidal in culture to two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC #14154 and #14775) at 0.25 mg/mL. In vitro, monolaurin's effects mirrored Origanum oil. The combination of both was bactericidal at the 0.125 mg/mL concentration of each. In two separate In vivo experiments, injected Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC #14775) killed all 14 untreated mice within a 1-week period. In treated mice, over one third survived for 30 days when given oral Origanum oil daily for 30 days (6/14). Fifty percent of the mice survived for 30 days when receiving daily vancomycin (7/14) and monolaurin (4/8). Over 60% of mice survived when receiving a daily combination of Origanum oil and monolaurin (5/8). Origanum oil and/or monolaurin may prove to be useful antimicrobial agents for prevention and therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infections."
"
"Luteolin is a flavone compound found in various foods, including celery, parsley, peppermint,
thyme, and oregano (Lopez-Lazaro, 2009) … Pretreatment with luteolin (3.13–50 μM) can reduce
6-hydroxy-dopamine-derived toxicity in a dose-dependent manner in rat"
https://www.scienced...531556517302140"luteolin and apigenin "enhancing monoamine uptake" "monoamine transporter activators"
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/198...
apigenin is an inhibitor of liver enzyme CYP2C9 so the list in the link below needs to be consulted if you're taking medication. It will amplify the effect of any drugs listed in the "substrate" column by not letting them be broken down. Most notably NSAIDs.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2C9
"In conclusion, apigenin and luteolin protected the dopaminergic neurons probably by reducing oxidative damage, neuroinflammation and microglial activation along with enhanced neurotrophic potential. The above results propose both these flavonoids as promising molecules in the therapeutics of PD.
https://healthunlock...ith-pine-pollenAge-related motor deficits, such as loss of balance and coordination, are caused, in part, by loss of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress is known to play a role in this neuronal loss. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant with anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential, has been shown to protect dopaminergic-like cells (SH-SY5Y) against oxidative stress. However, the low bioavailability of resveratrol makes it worthwhile to explore newer compounds with similar properties. Piceid (RV8), an analog of resveratrol, has greater bioavailability than resveratrol, and our studies found that piceid (10, 20, 30 µM) protects SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress. Our investigations also found that the neuroprotection afforded by piceid was decreased when the MAP kinases, ERK1/2 and ERK5, were independently inhibited. Since oxidative stress is considered a master operator of apoptosis, our study also scrutinized dopamine-induced apoptosis and whether caspase-3/7 and Bcl-2 are involved, following piceid pretreatment followed by dopamine exposure. Our findings suggested that piceid pretreatment inhibited the dopamine-induced increase in caspase-3/7 activity and dopamine-induced loss of Bcl-2 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of piceid are mediated via the activation of ERK1/2, ERK5, and inhibition of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress.
https://link.springe...0204-017-2073-zhttps://www.readbyqx...ns-of-carvacrol Carvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol produced by an abundant number of aromatic plants, including thyme and oregano. Presently, carvacrol is used in low concentrations as a food flavoring ingredient and preservative, as well as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic formulations. In recent years, considerable research has been undertaken in an effort to establish the biological actions of carvacrol for its potential use in clinical applications. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies show that carvacrol possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic, and vasorelaxant. The focus of this review is to evaluate the existing knowledge regarding the biological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects of carvacrol.
Edited by Ruth, 12 December 2017 - 10:56 AM.