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Riboflavin and Lung Cancer

riboflavin lung cancer cancer

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#1 ta5

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Posted 18 August 2013 - 01:34 AM


The first study below is in vitro and suggest riboflavin might promote lung cancer. I don't know what oral dose of B2 you would need to get 200+ μmol/L. Maybe a crazy high dose.

The other two studies below are population studies in smokers and they both noted a slight inverse association with lung cancer.




J Food Sci. 2013 Feb;78(2):H343-9.

Riboflavin at high doses enhances lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.

The influence of riboflavin (vitamin B(2) ) upon growth, invasion, and migration in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines was evaluated. Riboflavin at 1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μmol/L was added into A549, H3255, or Calu-6 cells. The effects of this compound upon level and/or expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were examined. Results showed that riboflavin at test doses did not affect the level of ROS and glutathione. Riboflavin at 200 and 400 μmol/L significantly enhanced cell growth in test lung cancer cell lines, and at 400 μmol/L significantly increased the release of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor. This agent at 200 and 400 μmol/L also upregulated protein production of ICAM-1, fibronectin, MMP-9, MMP-2, NF-κB p50, p-p38 MAPK, and FAK; and at 400 μmol/L enhanced invasion and migration in test cell lines. These findings suggested that riboflavin at high doses might promote lung cancer progression.
PMID: 23311443




Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Dec;23(12):1965-75.

Dietary B vitamin and methionine intakes and lung cancer risk among female never smokers in China.

PURPOSE:
B vitamins and methionine have been postulated to have potential effects on carcinogenesis; however, findings from previous epidemiologic studies on B vitamins, methionine, and lung cancer risk are inconsistent. We investigated associations of dietary intakes of B vitamins (i.e., riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12) and methionine with lung cancer risk among female never smokers.
METHODS:
The Shanghai Women's Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study, included 74,941 women. During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 428 incident lung cancer cases accrued among 71,267 women with no history of smoking or cancer at baseline. Baseline dietary intakes were derived from a validated, interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Cancer incidence and vital status were ascertained through annual linkage to the Shanghai Cancer Registry and Shanghai Vital Statistics Registry databases and through biennial in-person follow-ups with participants. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression.
RESULTS:
Dietary riboflavin intake was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (HR = 0.62; 95 % CI = 0.43-0.89; p trend = 0.03 for the highest quartile compared with the lowest). A higher than median intake of methionine was associated with lower risk of lung cancer (HR = 0.78; 95 % CI = 0.60-0.99); however, there was no dose-response relation. Intakes of other B vitamins were not associated with lung cancer risk.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our study suggests that dietary riboflavin intake may be inversely associated with lung cancer risk among female never smokers, which warrants further investigation.
PMID: 23065072




Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;66(2):182-7.

Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine and risk of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:
B vitamins and related enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism are necessary for DNA replication, DNA repair and regulation of gene expression. Disruption of one-carbon mechanism may affect cancer risk. We investigated prospectively the relationship between dietary intakes of methionine, B vitamins associated with one-carbon metabolism and risk of lung cancer.
SUBJECTS/METHODS:
The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study recruited 41,514 men and women aged 40-69 years between 1990 and 1994. During follow-up of 14,595 men and 22,451 women for an average of 15 years, we ascertained 348 incident lung cancers. Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine was estimated from a 121-item food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression.
RESULTS:
In current smokers, dietary intake of riboflavin was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (HR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.29-0.94, fifth versus first quintile; P-linear trend=0.01). No associations were found for former or never smokers or for dietary intake of any of the other B vitamins or methionine.
CONCLUSION:
Overall, we found little evidence of an association between B vitamins or methionine and lung cancer risk. The weak inverse association between riboflavin and lung cancer risk in current smokers needs further investigation.
PMID: 21878960

#2 niner

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Posted 18 August 2013 - 02:18 AM

200 uM is a LOT of riboflavin. I'd say 3 grams/day as a ballpark estimate. The RDA for adult males is 1.3mg/day. In vitro work is usually irrelevant for human health-related decisions. The population studies are a little more useful, but trying to pull a single vitamin out of the diet is prone to a lot of error. There may well be other factors that are more important than riboflavin that just happen to correlate with its concentration in food.
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#3 timar

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Posted 18 August 2013 - 04:11 PM

I doubt that it would even be possible to obtain such plasma concentrations via the oral route.

Normal plasma concentrations are somewhere around 10nMol/L1, with a supplemental 100mg dose you may reach 100nMol/l (remember that absorption becomes increasingly ineffecient with higher doses, because transport proteins are saturated at doses significantly higher than the RDA).

1. http://www.clinchem....9/1571.abstract
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