Blood ketones are directly related to fatigue and perceived effort during exercise in overweight adults adhering to low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss: a pilot study.
White AM1, Johnston CS, Swan PD, Tjonn SL, Sears B. 2007.
Ketogenic diets have been associated with reductions in free-living physical activity, a response that can be counterproductive in individuals trying to lose weight. To explore whether popular low-carbohydrate diets might impact the desire to exercise by raising blood ketone concentrations, fatigue and perceived effort during exercise were compared in untrained, overweight adults adhering to a ketogenic low-carbohydrate diet or to a control diet low in carbohydrate, but not ketogenic (5%, 65%, and 30% or 40%, 30%, and 30% of energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively). In this prospective, randomized, 2-week pilot study, all meals and snacks were provided to subjects, and energy intake was strictly controlled to provide approximately 70% of that needed for weight maintenance. At baseline and at the end of week 2, exercise testing was conducted in fasting participants. Weight loss and the reductions in fat mass did not differ by group during the trial. At week 2, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were 3.6-fold greater for the ketogenic vs nonketogenic group (P=0.018) and correlated significantly with perceived exercise effort (r2=0.22, P=0.049). Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate was also significantly correlated to feelings of "fatigue" (r=0.458, P=0.049) and to "total mood disturbance" (r=0.551, P=0.015) while exercising. These pilot data indicate that ketogenic, low-carbohydrate diets enhance fatigability and can reduce the desire to exercise in free-living individuals.
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The effect of anthocyanin supplementation on body composition, exercise performance and muscle damage indices in athletes.
Yarahmadi M1, Askari G2, Kargarfard M3, Ghiasvand R2, Hoseini M4, Mohamadi H1, Asadi A1. 2014.
BACKGROUND: Flavonoids consider as a large group of plant metabolites that 6,000 types of them have been identified till now. In some studies, it has been shown that they can increase aerobic performance and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthocyanin (as one of the most important kind of flavonoids) supplementation on body composition, exercise performance and muscle damage indices in athletes.
METHODS: This double-blinded clinical trial involved 54 female and male athletes at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with athletic history of at least 3 years. Body composition, exercise performance, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed. Individuals were selected by simple sampling method, they divided into two groups using permuted block randomization method. First group received 100 mg anthocyanin pills, and the second group received 100 mg placebo pills, daily for 6 weeks. Participants asked to continue their routine diet and physical activity during the study period, and they were followed through phone calls or text messages.
RESULTS: Soft lean mass, total body water and percent body fat were not changed significantly in the anthocyanin group after intervention but VO2 max increased significantly in the anthocyanin group (48.65 ± 4.73 vs. 52.62 ± 5.04) (P ≤ 0.0001), also a significant difference was observed between two studied groups (52.62 ± 5.04 for intervention group vs. 49.61 ± 5.33 for placebo) (P = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that the supplementation with anthocyanin in athletes may improve some indices of performance such as VO2 max.
Effect of Polyphenols in Enhancing the Swimming Capacity of Rats
Mahadevappa Siddalinga Swamy, Naveen Sivanna, Anand Tamatam, and Farhath Khanum. 2001
... catechin, chlorogenic acid,ellagic acid,and quercetin, it was clearly established that the enzyme activities(LDH, CPK),were reduced and the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA),were decreased but there was increased ATP production glycogen contents in both liver and muscle,and PP also increased DNA and RNA content in the muscle tissue, enhancing the swimming capacity.
Polyphenol Supplementation: Benefits for Exercise Performance or Oxidative Stress?
Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants
