There's a company called Cortex pharmaceuticals that has been working on ampakines for 20 years or more now, had trouble getting them through the FDA due to toxicity issues. But I saw an interview with the company director/chief scientist once and his comments where quite incredible, he was talking about being able to ramp up the brain to the point where a person could learn a language or a musical score in a matter of hours rather than years. Ever since I've kept an eye on the company but it's gone nowhere and hasn't brought any products to market as yet that I'm aware of.
I looked at their pending applications, and several are directed to ampakines. As I suspected, they are trying to improve on aniracetam--
A prototype for a compound that selectively facilitates the AMPA receptor has been described by Ito et al., J. Physiol. 424:533-543 (1990). These authors found that the nootropic drug aniracetam (N-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone) increases currents mediated by brain AMPA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes without affecting responses by .gamma.-aminobutyric acid (GABA), kainic acid (KA), or NMDA receptors. Infusion of aniracetam into slices of hippocampus was also shown to substantially increase the size of fast synaptic potentials without altering resting membrane properties. It has since been confirmed that aniracetam enhances synaptic responses at several sites in hippocampus, and that it has no effect on NMDA-receptor mediated potentials (Staubli et al., Psychobiology 18:377-381 (1990) and Xiao et al., Hip pocampus 1:373-380 (1991)).
Aniracetam has been found to have an extremely rapid onset and washout, and can be applied repeatedly with no apparent lasting effects, which are desirable features for behaviorally-relevant drugs. Aniracetam does present several disadvantages, however...
Cortex patent applications