Spelt Underrated Wrong, D-
Boswellia/Frankincense
-Ayurvedic; classified as a phytopharmaceutical (H15; Europe) which appears to be quite anti-inflammatory
-Helpful against osteoarthritis
-May help cerebral edema.
-Evidence for anti-inflammatory joint disorders.
-Anti-cancer properties
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Sources
-Sacra, carterii,[2]papyrifera, neglecta, rivae,[3]frereana,[4] as well as ovalifoliolata[5]) and 25 species in the Boswellia genus in total.[6]
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How to Take
-Raw Boswellia gum resin chewed and ingested, boiled down and made as tea, inhaled or vaped.
-1800-5000mg of gum resin daily
-Concentrated forms of AKBA (boswellic acid) supplements; 100-250mg daily
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Composition
-Boswellic acids 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA; 4.48-5.81mg/g) and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA; 32.7-44.2mg/g)[10][7]
-α-Boswellic acid (αBA; 8.68-16.1mg/g) and its isomer β-Boswellic acid (β-BA; 53.5-246.9mg/g), and the acetylated forms of Acetyl-α-Boswellic and Acetyl-β-Boswellic acid (38.4-192.9mg/g) respectively,[10][7] the other four most research Boswellic acids (which round out the 'main six')
-Alpha-pinene and octyl acetate
-Incensole Acetate,[12] known as a diterpenic cembrenoid.[13] Incensole oxide and Isoincensole oxide may also be found
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Targets
-Inhibits NF-kB in response to pretty much all tested activators of NF-kB and in all tested cell lines
-All main Boswellic Acids show neural permeability, with the same degree of variance seen in serum
-Phytosome delivery system (enhanced bioavailability and neural permeability
-Incensole Acetate, a bioactive not belonging to the Boswellic acid family, appears to act as a TRPV3 agonist and may have adaptogenic effects by this novel mechanism
-Some potential enhancement of neuronal branching and growth, unknown relevance in vivo
-Theoretically possible for Boswellia Serrata to have acetylcholinesterase inhibiting properties, as it has been noted with the species before; unexplored
-Starting intravenous application of Incensole Acetate 6 hours after reperfusion (rather than immediately) attenuated the reduction in infarct size form 77% to 37%.[51]
-Mechanisms of Actions still well unknown
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Overview
Boswellia Serrata, via its active boswellic acids, appears to be a novel inhibitory of a pro-inflammatory enzyme called 5-Lipoxygenase and may possess other anti-inflammatory effects (such as nF-kB inhibition, which are not as novel). These anti-inflammatory effects have been investigated for their benefits in osteoarthritis (OA), and it appears that oral Boswellia supplements can suppress pain and immobility associated with OA quite significantly with the effects taking as little as a week to occur. The studies are well conducted, but funded by the producers of the tested supplements. There are limited non-funded interventions with Boswellic for this claim, but they seem to agree with the battery of funded study in effect size.
Remarkably, Boswellia appears to be quite anti-cancer that appears to be more anti-proliferative rather than apoptotic (the latter meaning to induce regulated cell death) since it is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and cell invasiveness. There are not a large battery of studies on these claims, but preliminary mouse and rat evidence where the rodents are injected with tumors suggest that Boswellia can potently suppress tumor growth (Pancreatic, Colorectal) and in some cases actually outright prevent tumor growth (Prostatic, Glioma). Boswellia appears to be a very promising anti-cancer herb due to the potency it exhibits in animals, with one study noting this after oral administration (100mg/kg of the main boswellic acid in animals). The potency has been replicated in other cancer cell lines in vitro (including breast, cervical, myeloma and leukemia) but these cancers do not yet have animal interventions yet.
Boswellia appears to be fairly nontoxic, has a history of usage as a phytopharmaceutical for brain edema associated with radiotherapy (a cancer treatment), and the general anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects make it a fairly interesting herb relative to others that have subpar evidence.
Pancreatic cancer; a 50% reduction in tumor size following oral ingestion of 100mg/kg in mice AKBA is bloody remarkable. The abolishment of prostatic tumors and gliomas are also incredible, and I honestly had to review this page numerous times to make sure I was not making an error in transcribing the information. Preliminary evidence actually denotes that Boswellia's AKBA can abolish some (but not all) tumors and their proliferation in rodents.
The anti-inflammatory effects are very impressive as well, and I would love to see a study using either Aflapin or 5-Loxin completely independent of the producer. I see no reason to believe these studies are not valid as they were conducted seemingly independently and done well, but remarkable effects require a bigger body of evidence.
If I had to nitpick, I would love to see the effects of AKBA on regular androgen receptors (it suppresses prostatic ones, and this doesn't always correlate to normal androgen receptors; possible anti-androgen or not?) and just see how it affects hormones in general.
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((Osteoarthritis))
Effect Decrease Trial Design Double blind Trial Length 1-6 months Number of Subjects 57 Gender Both Genders Age Range 45-64 Body Types Overweight
Relative to placebo, 100mg of Boswellia standardized to 30% AKBA was able to reduce joint pain and stiffness on multiple rating scales in persons with confirmed osteoarthritis over 7 days, with maximal effects over 90 days
Effect Decrease Trial Design Cohort Trial Length 1-6 months Number of Subjects 47 Gender Both Genders
6g of the basic plant Boswellia Serrata was able to significantly attenuate joint pain and symptoms in persons with osteoarthritis.
Effect Decrease Trial Design Double blind Trial Length 1-6 months Number of Subjects 59 Gender Both Genders Age Range 45-64 Body Types Overweight
100mg of 20% AKBA Boswellia was able to reduce all measured parameters of osteoarthritis in persons over the course of 30 days.
Effect Decrease Trial Design Double blind Trial Length 1-6 months Number of Subjects 70 Gender Both Genders Age Range 45-64 Body Types Overweight, Average
100mg or 250mg 5-Loxin (30% AKBA) was able to confer benefits to multiple rating scales of joint pain relief in persons with osteoarthritis.
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((Brain Tumour in Vivo))
A Lipoxygenase Inhibitor In Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Effect Decrease Trial Design Uncontrolled / observational study Trial Length n/a Number of Subjects 1 Gender n/a
A case study of a women with a brain tumor given 3 doses of 800mg Boswellia Serrata for 10 weeks eliminated the presence of a tumor in her brain that metastasized from her breast.
((Joint Pain))
Effect Decrease Trial Design Cohort Trial Length 1-6 months Number of Subjects 47 Gender Both Genders
6g of the basic plant Boswellia Serrata was able to significantly attenuate joint pain and symptoms in persons with osteoarthritis.
((Anxiety))
Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psychoactivity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain
A reduction in anxiety has been seen at 50mg/kg in otherwise healthy mice as assessed by an elevated plus maze (with comparable effects to Diazepam).[8]
Anxiolytic effects of Incensole Acetate may be mediated by TRPV3 receptors, as mice lacking these receptors do not have anxiolytic effects in response to injected Incensole.[8]
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((Cancer))
One of many caner studies, sources are linked in footnotes.
The invasiveness of pancreatic (PANC-28) cells has been noted to be suppressed in vitro with AKBA (50umol/L resulting in an abolishment of pancreatic proliferation in Matrigel assay), thought to be related to a downregulation of CXCR4.[135] CXCR4 is a receptor responding to chemokines that, upon activation, appears to favorably influence metastasis and tumor progression in cancer cells.[138] 12 hours of 50umol/L AKBA in PANC-28 cells, the receptor was downregulated in a concentration and time dependent manner independent of cell viability (unaffected).[135] This downregulation is associated with downregulation of HER2 and NF-kB, and appears to reduce the genomic transcription of CXCR4 by preventing NF-kB from acting on the CXCR4 promoter.[135] This was later shown to occur in four pancreatic cancer cell lines; PANC-28, BxPC-3 (most sensitive with 25umol/L abolishing proliferation) AsPc-1 and Paca-2,[139] and was found to potentiate the activity of gemcitabine.[139]
After tumor implantation of PANC-28 cells in nude mice, expression of CXCR4 was shown to occur in vivo from 73% (control) to 15%, tumor size was reduced 50%, and metastasis significantly suppressed.[135] This experiment was expanded upon later by the same authors,[139] and while AKBA (100mg/kg daily oral ingestion) was nonsignificantly more effective than Gemcitabine (25mg/kg injections twice weekly) at reducing tumor volume the combination was highly effective (nearly abolishing the increase in tumor size) with the synergism also applying to suppression of metastatic potential of injected PANC-28 cells.[139] 454+/-23 ng/ml of AKBA was found in plasma in these experiments, which correlated to 273+/-13ng/mL concentration in excised pancreatic cells.[139] Suppression of tumor size in vivo has been demonstrated elsewhere with an extraction of mixed Boswellic Acids, and noted that extractions with lower molecular weight compounds (lower concentration of boswellic acids) were still effective in vitro.[140]
Appears to very potently reduce Pancreatic cell invasiveness and tumor size, which has been demonstrated at least once in nude mice implanted with tumors following oral administration of AKBA at 100mg/kg; due to the reasonable dosage and method of administration significantly suppressing tumorogenesis, this is a highly promising nutraceutical for Pancreatic Cancer.
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Personal Experience
In short, I've taken Boswellia in almost all forms and sources. Vaporizing the resin pieces or using the essential oil helped tremendously for erradicating joint pain acutely. It also seems mildly psycoactive but this could be placebo. For me 2-5g of Boswellia Gum resin into a tea and let dissolve had a noticable impact on my thought process. Very calming/relaxing. Nonetheless, it is a potent anti-inflammatory and helps to erradicate all of my joint pain. Burning the resin over a hot flame for meditative purposes is nice too.
Research the grading process before buying from sellers. This is the brand I use for interal use; http://www.thefranki.../Resins/_page/2
Edited by birthdaysuit, 08 January 2017 - 02:39 AM.
