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[alc]

http://onlinelibrary...3/EP086157/full

[Ark]

In the study they we're able to reverse the damage to the spleen with sythetic 2-hydroxyoleic but this can be found naturally in fish oil/olive oil. Has anyone ever tried sythetic 2-hydroxyoleic?

Research Paper Above
Oxidative stress and immunosenescence in spleen of obese mice can be reversed by 2-hydroxyoleic acid
Authors
Alina Gheorghe,
Fátima Pérez de Heredia,
Caroline Hunsche,
Noemí Redondo,
Ligia Esperanza Díaz,
Oskarina Hernández,
Ascensión Marcos,
Mónica De la Fuente
Accepted manuscript online:
15 February 2017Full publication history
DOI:
10.1113/EP086157View/save citation
Cited by:
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Article has an altmetric score of 10
This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1113/EP086157
ABSTRACT

We aimed to investigate the effects of obesity on oxidative stress and leukocyte function in spleen of mice, and to assess whether supplementation with 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could reverse those effects. Female ICR/CD1 mice (8 weeks old, n = 24) received an obesogenic diet (22% fat for 4 weeks and 60% fat for 14 weeks). After 6 weeks, mice were split in three groups (n = 8/group): no supplementation, 2-OHOA supplementation (1500 mg kg−1) and n-3 PUFA supplementation (EPA + DHA, 3000 mg kg−1 diet). Eight mice were fed standard diet for the whole duration of the study (control group). At the end of the experiment, the following variables were assessed in spleens: levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation, lymphocyte chemotaxis, natural killer (NK) activity and mitogen (ConA and LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Obese animals presented higher GSSG levels (P = 0.003), GSSG/GSH ratio (P = 0.013), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.004), XO activity (P = 0.015) and lymphocyte chemotaxis (P < 0.001), and lower NK activity (P = 0.003) and proliferation in response to ConA (P < 0.001) than controls. 2-OHOA reversed totally or partially most of the changes (body weight, fat content, GSSG levels, GSH/GSSG, lipid peroxidation, chemotaxis and proliferation, all P < 0.05), while n-3 PUFA reversed the increase in XO activity (P = 0.032). In conclusion, 2-OHOA, and to a lesser extent n-3 PUFA, could ameliorate the oxidative stress and alteration of leukocyte function in spleen of obese mice. Our findings support a link between obesity and immunosenescence and suggest a potential therapeutic tool for obesity-related immune dysfunction.