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CNIO researchers obtain the first mice born with hyper-long telomeres and show that it is possible to extend life ...

cnio telomeres extended life mice

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#1 Engadin

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Posted 17 October 2019 - 09:27 AM


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C O M P L E T E   T I T L E :   CNIO researchers obtain the first mice born with hyper-long telomeres and show that it is possible to extend life without any genetic modification

 

 

 

S O U R C E :    CNIO

 

F U L L   T E X T   P R I M A L   S O U R C E :   Nature Communications

T I T L E : Mice with hyper-long telomeres show less metabolic aging and longer lifespans

 

 

 

 

hyper-long-telomeres-cnio-752x437.jpg

 

Images of fat, liver, and skin of adult mice with normal or hyper-long telomeres. In blue, nuclei; in red, telomeres. Telomeres of adult cells that are derived from the animals with the so-called hyper-long telomeres are brighter, indicating longer telomeres through adult life. /CNIO

 

 

Mice with longer than normal telomeres in their species live, on average, 13% longer and in better health, free from cancer and obesity

The study has found for the first time ever a clear relationship between the length of telomeres and insulin and glucose metabolism, which are also crucial in ageing

“This finding opens the interesting hypothesis that genes are not the only thing to consider when it comes to determine species longevity. We show here that it is possible to extend mouse longevity by epigenetically changing telomere length, in the absence of genetic modifications”, indicates Maria Blasco, senior author of the paper, published in Nature Communications.

 

A chance finding ten years ago led to the creation by researchers of the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) of the first mice born with much longer telomeres than normal in their species. Given the relationship between telomeres and ageing – telomeres shorten throughout life, so older organisms have shorter telomeres -, scientists launched a study generating mice in which 100% of their cells had hyper-long telomeres. The findings are published in Nature Communications and show only positive consequences: the animals with hyper-long live longer in better health, free from cancer and obesity. The most relevant thing for the authors is the fact that longevity has been significantly increased for the first time ever without any genetic modification.
 
“This finding supports the idea that, when it comes to determining longevity, genes are not the only thing to consider”, indicates Maria Blasco, Head of the CNIO Telomeres and Telomerase Group and intellectual author of the paper. “There is margin for extending life without altering the genes”.
 
Telomeres form the end of chromosomes, in the nucleus of each cell in the body.  Their function is to protect the integrity of the genetic information in DNA. Whenever the cells divide the telomeres, they are shortened a little, so one of the main characteristics of ageing is the accumulation of short telomeres in cells. “Telomere shortening is considered to be one of the primary causes of ageing, given that short telomeres cause ageing of the organism and reduce longevity”, as the paper published in Nature Communications explains.
 
The CNIO Telomeres and Telomerase Group has already shown in diverse studies that avoiding the shortening of telomeres through the activation of the telomere lengthening enzyme, telomerase, extends longevity without any secondary effects. 
 
However, up to now, all interventions on the length of telomeres have been based on altering the expression of genes, through one technique or another. In fact, some years ago, the CNIO group developed a gene therapy that fosters the synthesis of telomerase, obtaining mice that live 24% longer without developing cancer of other illnesses associated with age. 
 
13% longer, slimmer and free from cancer
 
The new thing is that there has been no genetic alteration in the mice born with hyper-long telomeres. In 2009, researchers worked with the so-called IPS cells -cells from an adult organism which have been given back pluripotency or the capacity to generate a full organism -, and they observed that after a certain number of divisions in culture plates, these cells acquired telomeres twice as long as normal. Intrigued, they confirmed that the same occurred in normal embryonic cells –also pluripotent-, as they are kept in cultivation after being removed from the blastocyst.  
 
On researching the phenomenon, Blasco’s team found that during the pluripotency stage, there are certain biochemical marks (epigenetic marks) on the telomeric chromatin that facilitate their lengthening by the telomerase enzyme. For this reason, the telomeres of pluripotency cells in cultivation were extended to twice the normal length.
 
The question was, whether the embryonic cells with hyper-long telomeres could produce live mice? Some years ago, the group demonstrated that they could, whereby this research was also published in Nature Communications. However, these first animals were chimerical, or in other words, only part of their cells – between 30% and 70%- came from embryonic cells with hyper-long telomeres. Their good health may be attributed to the proper functioning of the rest of the cells, with normal telomeres.
 
In the study that has now been published, the authors have managed to obtain hyper-long telomeres in 100% of mice cells, whereby this entire peculiar feature is attributable to this phenomenon. Indeed, there are many peculiarities.
 
 
“Unprecedented results”
 
“These mice have less cancer and live longer”, according to the authors. “An important fact is that they are slimmer than normal because they accumulate less fat.  They also show lower metabolic ageing, with lower levels of cholesterol and LDL (bad cholesterol), and an increased tolerance to insulin and glucose. Damage to their DNA as they age is less and their mitochondria, another Achilles heel of ageing, function better.
 
 
 
 
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FOLLOWING IMAGE AND COMMENT FROM Nature Communications STUDY:
 
 
 
41467_2019_12664_Fig1_HTML.png
 
Hyper-long telomere mice are leaner than normal mice. a Scheme showing generation of mice with hyper-long telomeres. eGFP ES cells are cultured in 2i medium until passage 16 and they are microinjected into morulae to obtain 100% contributing chimaeras. b Representative images showing 100% eGFP ES cell contribution in different organs and tissues. cd Longitudinal follow up of weight in the indicated cohorts. Hyper-long telomere mice show a significant reduction in body weight from 40 weeks onwards (c) and this body size reduction is maintained until the last timepoint measured (cd). Error bars represent standard error. t-test was used for statistical analysis. The number of mice is indicated in each case. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
 
 
 
 
 
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Edited by Engadin, 17 October 2019 - 09:29 AM.






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