Resveratrol Stimulates Cortisol Biosynthesis by Activating SIRT-Dependent Deacetylation of P450scc
https://www.ncbi.nlm...les/PMC3380297/
"In the human adrenal cortex, cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol by members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Both the first and last steps of cortisol biosynthesis occur in mitochondria. Based on our previous findings that activation of ACTH signaling changes the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) phosphate to reduced NAD phosphate in adrenocortical cells, we hypothesized that pyridine nucleotide metabolism may regulate the activity of the mitochondrial NAD+-dependent sirtuin (SIRT) deacetylases. We show that resveratrol increases the protein expression and half-life of P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc). The effects of resveratrol on P450scc protein levels and acetylation status are dependent on SIRT3 and SIRT5 expression. Stable overexpression of SIRT3abrogates the cellular content of acetylated P450scc, concomitant with an increase in P450scc protein expression and cortisol secretion. Mutation of K148 and K149 to alanine stabilizes the expression of P450scc and results in a 1.5-fold increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis. Finally, resveratrol also increases the protein expression of P450 11β, another mitochondrial enzyme required for cortisol biosynthesis. Collectively, this study identifies a role for NAD+-dependent SIRT deacetylase activity in regulating the expression of mitochondrial steroidogenic P450."
It would be interesting to see how long after oral resveratrol intake the increase 11beta hsd expression takes place.
The Nutrient and Energy Sensor Sirt1 Regulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis by Altering the Production of the Prohormone Convertase 2 (PC2) Essential in the Maturation of Corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH) from Its Prohormone in Male Rats
*(they used resveratrol for sirt1 activation)
https://www.ncbi.nlm...les/PMC4786719/
"Collectively, this study provides the first evidence supporting the hypothesis that PVN Sirt1 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and basal GC levels by enhancing the production of CRH through an increase in the biosynthesis of PC2, which is essential in the maturation of CRH from its prohormone, pro-CRH."
ACTH, CRH and CORTISOL peak upon awakening due to the CARS (cortisol awakening response), a poor CARS response has been associated with adhd, asd, borderline (only in males from what I remember, female borderline patients even had increased cortisol during awakening compared to healthy controls). This jolt of cortisol is extremely important, people underestimate this in health. You need that jolt of cortisol in the morning, not only to get out of bed, but also for the body to start up all other processes. Its like comparing a pc that has trouble starting up getting into window or a pc that instantly boots from the moment you press the powder button.
So correct me if im wrong, afaik the general rule of thumb is to have cortisol spike in the morning (30mins long), then get a drop over the day and being lowest in the evening. Interesting is also that in mental disorders with poor CARS is that they often have high evening cortisol. Its almost as if its extremely crucial for the body that cortisol is high upon awakening... if not it seems there is misalignment and spillover in the evening.