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P A Y W A L L E D S O U R C E : Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
Abstract
The recent advent of ‘organs in a dish’ has revolutionised the research landscape. These 3D culture systems have paved the way for translational, post genomics research by enabling scientists to model diseases in the laboratory, grow patient-derived organoids, and unite this technology with other cutting-edge methodologies such as drug discovery.
Fields such as dermatology and neuroscience have revolutionised the development of robust 3D models, which faithfully recapitulate native physiology in vivo to provide important functional and mechanistic insights. These models have underpinned a rapid growth in the number of organs and myriad of human diseases that can be modelled in 3D, which currently includes breast, cerebral cortex, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, neural tube, pancreas, prostate, skin and stomach, as well as patient derived tumours.
However, so far, they have not yet been employed extensively in the study of fundamental cellular programmes such as senescence. Thus, tissue engineering and 3D culture offer an exciting opportunity to further understand the light and dark sides of senescence in a more complex and physiologically relevant environment. Below, we will discuss previous approaches to investigating senescence and ageing using organotypic models, and some potential opportunities for future research.
OUTLINE:
1. Introduction
1.1. Senescence and the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)
2. Biogenesis and Sub-Classes of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)
3. Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Production and Secretion in Senescence
4. Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Cargo in Senescence
4.1. Proteins
4.2. Nucleic Acids
4.2.1. miRNA
4.2.2. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) and Telomeric DNA
4.2.3. DNA
4.2.4. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
4.3. Lipids
5. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Ageing
5.1. Changes in EV Production with Aging
5.2. Changes in EV Cargo with Age
5.3. Use of EVs as Theraputics in Age-Related Pathologies
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
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Edited by Engadin, 25 May 2020 - 08:14 PM.