Extensive review by some of the same authors of the highly cited Hallmarks of Aging. Authors claim the proposed hallmarks are not mere indicators but rather ‘causatively’ involved in the homeostatic maintenance of vigor.
"Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health."
Carlos López-Otín, Guido Kroemer, Hallmarks of Health, Cell, 2020, ISSN 0092-8674
https://doi.org/10.1...ell.2020.11.034.