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#1 Bruce Klein

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Posted 13 January 2004 - 07:17 AM


>In response to your call for papers for Immortality
>Institute book, I am attaching a MS Word document with
>my manuscript. So, please verify this document.
>
>
>Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity.
>
>Yours truly
>
>Harikanth Singam.
>
>
>Address:
>=========
>Harikanth Singam,
>c/o S. SrinivasaRao,
>1-8-702 /105,
>Padma Colony,
>Nallakunta,
>Hyderabad (PIN 5000 044),
>AndhraPradesh.
>India.
>Phone +91-040- 27608993
>Emails : harikanth@inucom.com
> harikanthsingam@yahoo.com
> harisingam@hotmail.com


Dear Harikanth

Thank you very much for your submission.

The ImmInst Book Editing team will be in contact with
you over the coming months.

Also know that because of good response, we will create
more books going forward.

Bruce Klein
Chairman, ImmInst.org

---

Title: An Understanding into the cause of Eternal Life

Author: Harikanth Singam.


Biography of Author:

Mr. Harikanth Singam has born on 20-05-1975 in AndhraPradesh, India.
He is currently working as a software programmer in INuCom India Limited, Hyderabad, India. He holds a Bachelor Degree in Commerce from Nagarjuna University, AndhraPradesh, India.

Since his childhood Harikanth is interested in learning about the origin of life as well as about the origin of the Universe. He has studied books in Biology and Astronomy by eminent authors like George Gamove, H.G.Wells, Richard Dawkins and Stefan Hawking etc. Thus he has been doing his amateur research in the reasons for the physical evolution of life and psychological evolution of human civilization. In this regard, he wrote many scientific articles on those topics.



Abstract:
In this article, I am just trying to analyze origin and purpose of life just in terms of a chemical reaction. Here the chain reaction of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication is centered as a root cause for the entire evolution of life and also for the descent of intelligent living beings. In this regard, I have also tried to explain how the need and requirement of two-gender system of living beings has contributed for the many fold proliferation of DNA molecules. And finally, I have predicted an important phase in this grand campaign chemical reaction i.e, the isotopic conversion of inorganic elements. Basing on these features, I have theorized that the entire matter in the Universe is attaining stability by being converted into DNA molecules and this is achieved by the intelligent life forms. And in this process of mass conversion of matter, immortality is an inescapable event to be happened.





Introduction:



Before going to the prospects of perpetual continuation of life, let us have a look at how and why life has originated on Earth and also regarding necessity for life to evolve into such a complex and sophisticated forms of intelligent human beings.

We know that all the living beings are made up organic substances such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids etc. All these organic substances have the element carbon in them. The element Carbon possesses some peculiar properties, which the other elements do not have.
They are
1. Its ability to form into the hardest substance of all the elements, diamond.
2. Its ability to form into a spider's web, the strongest string of such a thick.
3. Its ability to form most complex and largest molecules like DNA, proteins etc in association with Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen etc which can exhibit the phenomenon of life..
4. Its ability to convert other elements in the periodic table of elements into carbons.


Among the above four properties of Carbon, the fourth property is the most complicated and involves a very long course of time to be materialized.


How and why the inorganic substances will be converted into carbon ?

The conversion of non-carbon elements into carbons may take place in remote future when there arises a scarcity of organic substances or fertilizers for the plants to grow.
It is due to the uncontrollable multiplication of human as well as animal and plant
population that provide food. If the world population is growing at this rate, by 10000 A.D, human population will cross the mark of 100 billions. By that time, even the entire organic fertilizers in the oceans and seas also would have been depleted because all the organic matter might have converted into some or the other animal and plant DNAs. This way it leads to a situation where the population exceeds food production.
In such a situation, there will no alternative solution other than the conversion of
inorganic matter into carbon and other organic compounds. This can be achieved using isotope technology.
Actually, an isotope is an alternate form of an element that has the usual number of protons but a nonstandard number of neutrons. Also an isotope has the same chemical action as the regular element. The isotopes of carbon are prepared by removing electrons and protons form the atoms of inorganic elements like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Silicon etc by bombarding them with ultra violet radiation or with energetic particles. Thus the so formed isotopes of carbon are used in the synthesis of organic compounds such as carbon di oxide, methane, amino acids, fats etc artificially.
Then these organic substances of isotopes of carbon are used as fertilizers for growing food crops. Thus the demanding need for food to the growing population will be met.


Carbon is such a converging point for the matter itself so that all the matter is destined
to take the form of carbon and carbon compounds. The reason for this may be due to its electron valency being 4 and atomic number being 6.

And this is going to happen with the effort of human intelligence in order to meet needs of food for the overgrown population in the remote future.


From the above it is clear to us that there are two massive drives which could accomplish the major task of mass conversion of matter.
These two forces are resulted in by the glorious evolution of life.
They are,
1. Human intelligence.
2. Physical and mental urge for reproduction.

With the fruitful combination of these two well established phenomena of life, the
conversion of inorganic matter into carbon and other organic compounds takes place.
Basically, only due to this property of carbon, DNAs have been exhibiting the phenomenon of life since the origin and in the course of evolution .
Just in order to let the replication process of DNAs occur in a more safe and
secure manner and also effectively in all adversities around, the DNAs themselves have evolved into the forms of advanced living beings like HomoSapiens and have attained the behavior of intelligence which helps in getting their work done . This behavior of intelligence is acquired through process of natural selection of favorable characters acquired in several mutations among DNAs .

The human population is likely to increase beyond control in the remote future in spite of the most advanced technological growth. This is because of the strong and inevitable effect of the hormones in the endocrine system of the human body. The hormones like testosterone and oestrogen are actually created in the body by the direct participation of DNAs in the hormone synthesis in their respective glands.. Hormones are a kind of chemical juices prepared by the DNAs in the cells of the glands. Actually the hormones are produced by the DNAs to induce such kind of a behavior into the organism so that it could lead to its effective replication. As a consequence of replication of DNAs in the germ cells, the individual organism behaves in such a way to find its mate and lets the germ cells of the organisms fertilized to form a single complete cell .i.e, the zygote.

This kind of behavior of inducing intimacy is also acquired by the human beings just like the behavior of intelligence, through the process of natural selection of favorable characters that help the DNAs proliferate and replicate effectively in a new generation.

The reason for why human population tend to grow even in a situation of scarcity of food materials in future is because such a situation urge the people to use the most advanced technology of isotopic conversion of the elements which are abundant into the elements that are scarce. So obviously they go on converting abundant elements such as Oxygen extracted from ocean water or Silicon extracted from sand , rock and soil, into the most wanted Carbons. And of course this process of isotopic conversion would obviously be in a continuous supply to meet the demand of organic fertilizers for the food crops.

Here if such a conversion of isotopes does not take place, the entire growth of population would come to a stand still for the lack food for the offspring, irrespective of how advanced they are.

The need for such a conversion of matter is obviously inevitable because its pre tremors are already in their effect since the depletion of organic fertilizers on the land is demanding people to extract them from seas and oceans. Today, throughout the world we can find fertilizer factories on the shores extracting organic fertilizers like urea.


How the replicating DNAs proliferate human population ?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
DNA can be considered as one of the largest and most complex molecules existing in nature. DNA is also the most complex of all the systems that ever built by humans or nature in such a small size. Since it is only a molecule, even any other complex system such as a super computer could not be considered as complex as it of that small size.

DNA is possessed with a most complex property known as self-replication.
With this tendency of DNA to replicate, it has been proliferating by getting multiplied in number. DNA seems to be strangled in the inescapable vicious cycle of replication reaction.

DNA polymerase plays the central role in the processes of life. It carries the weighty
responsibility of duplicating our genetic information. Each time a cell divides, DNA polymerase duplicates all of its DNA, and the cell passes one copy to each daughter cell. In this way, genetic information is passed from generation to generation.( Reference [3]).
Here is a brief description of how DNA is strangled in the vicious cycle of chain chemical reactions.
We know that semi conservative replication of DNA takes place during interphase of cell division. During replication, the two strands of DNA molecule separate at replication fork. The genes in the DNA synthesizes the enzyme ‘DNA Polymerase’ with a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) attached to it. Soon the DNA polymerase is synthesized, the energy stored in NTP is released and due to this heat energy, the DNA strands start separating. Here the enzyme ‘DNA Polymerase’ is required just in the construction of genes. But it is also entitled with NTP which is not at all required in the building of a complementary strand. Only Nucleoside Monophosphate (NMP) is required. Here NTP is synthesized just as a by-product during the synthesis of the enzyme ‘DNA Polymerase’. When NTP is converted into NMP, energy is released. This energy triggers the replication process in the DNA. Due to the unnecessary presence of NTP with ‘DNA Polymerase’, the DNA is bound to cleave into separate strands.
Actually, NTP is capable of hydrogen bonding with a base in the template strand. The enzyme removes the terminal diphosphate from the nuleoside triphosphate and joins the phosphate group of nucleoside monophosphate Since the double stranded DNA is antiparallel, only one strand i.e, the leading strand grows in the direction of movement of the replication fork. The lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction as short fragments. The fragments are joined together. The joining of fragments is in the direction of movement of replication fork. The daughter DNA molecule is a hybrid molecule consisting of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
The resulted complete DNA molecule contains genes that could again synthesize DNA polymerase which brings NTP along with it. This would be synthesized whenever there is polymerase available in the medium nucleoplasm. This NTP again contributes to the replication of DNA.
Thus DNA is under an inescapable obsession compelling it to replicate incessantly.

Conventionally, DNA is considered just as a blue print or underlying code that bears
the sequence of procedures to construct enzymes and protiens by amino acids.
But the actual concept is of DNA-centered establishment of life. In this, DNA plays the
key role in exhibiting the phenomenon of life. By this, we can go to the extent to say that "DNA is the living being and the tendency to replicate is life".
It is the DNA's inability to stay in a saturated state unless it is replicated . And this very tendency of DNA causes a substance to exhibit the phenomenon of life.






Functionality of human intelligence among people of diverse gender and regions:
===========================================================
Roger Sperry, a Nobel Prize winner, initiated the study of the relationship between the
brain’s right and left hemispheres. Sperry found that the left half of the brain tends to
function by processing information in an analytical, rational, logical, sequential way. The
right half of the brain tends to function by recognizing relationships, integrating and
synthesizing information, and arriving at intuitive insights. (Reference [1])

The Essence differentiation in gender for effective proliferation of DNAs:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Throughout the course of the evolution of life, it has been found that having two
kinds of sexes (male and female) favors most secure and effective reproduction and
nourishment of offspring in almost all the species of animals. This is contributed by the
specialized behavior of male and female animals. The female animals are specialized to bear the children, nourishing them with care such as nursing, soothing etc. Male animals are specialized in bread earning and providing protection to the family and of course to the society as a whole. Here the female animals are under the direct impact of DNA tendency to replicate in their bodies. That is the reason for why they react in an emotion driven behavior to a certain incident or a situation. Here their entire endocrine system is subjected to direct reaction through frequent hormonal influence on their bodies. This make them to be more sensitive, modest and vulnerable as compared to their male counterparts.
Due these differences in their physiological behavior, it is evident that female animals use most of their right brains where as the male animals use most of their left brains.
This difference in the use of left and right brains makes male and female animals or people to behave and react differently in a particular situation.
This makes male people to react in less emotional more logical manner in facing day-to-day problems.
One of the outstanding evidence for this is that majority of scientists (more than 80 % in the world are only men not women. ( Reference [2] ). Also most of them are from colder regions like Europe, North America etc. only. The reason for why there are very few woman scientists is that they use their right brains frequently, which provide poor logical backup in their reactions to a particular situation of problem. Instead, they provide strong emotional backup to react in bodily changes.

Irrational optimism possessed by the women helps men strangled in the rational pessimism, which is their usual attitude acquired by the frequent use of their left brain .

Since the prevalence of low temperature, the male people in cold countries are still less
emotional and too effective in drawing logical solutions than their counter parts in hot
regions of the Earth like tropical and semi-tropical climates.
Due to excess of temperature in hot climates, the people there are subjected to frequent and high hormonal secretions making them to behave in a more emotional and sentimental and less logical manner resulting in less rational attitudes. But as they are very much concerned with their bodily emotions, they became successful in producing and rearing more children by the faithful up keeping of the institute of family as compared to their counter parts in cold regions.

Only with the help of scientific and technological invention of gadgets and machines by
people in cold countries , the people in hot regions like India, China etc. are able to the
produce and distribute food to their growing mass of population. Without the innovation of these automated machines, artificial fertilizers and medicines and vaccines by the people in Europe and America, the population in Asia would not have grown this much.

But as the people in cold countries are more rational and less emotional in their behavior, they have used a lot of their logical mind in place of pure emotions while they deal with
the conflicting issues with their rival countries. This made them to invent new and novel
methods and instruments of fighting and waging wars. This kind of involvement of more logic for a little amount of emotional anguishes caused them to build most powerful weapons of war starting from gun powder, machine guns, atomic bombs , biological bombs etc. This way they have taken the world to the brim of annihilation but were realized after a considerable loss of human life in the two world wars.
But those people in hotter regions like India always loved peace did not use their left brains in creating mass destructive weapons. Instead they stuck to their sentimental emotions within their families and have concentrated more in the nourishment of their families. Here the Indian struggle for Independence could be taken as an illustration of a relatively non violent movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

This may be due to excess of heat in the environment and a more precipitating effect of
hormones in their bodies. In this sense it should be so that the emotional behavior which is governed by the hormonal secretions in the body is controlled by the right brain in women. That should be the reason for their mind is more in control of their body where it is otherwise in case of men, i.e., mostly body is under the control of the mind. This makes women to be more body-conscious than the men. It means that their thoughts and feelings are directly in correspondence with their body metabolism. This kind of behavior is actually an evolutionary necessity for the DNAs in their bodies have a direct support for their betterment with respect to caring and nourishment. Otherwise men would have forgotten their responsibility of making things that help the family prosper for their fancy whims.
This way women keep men to stick to the earth while they are about to fly-off like snapped kite in their logical and rational behavior. It is because for logic, sky is the limit. There would be no look back for a purely logic driven person. It is like if one tries to divide a number by zero, he will be getting infinite solutions. But it is not optimal to be taken by such a drive in the real life since pure rationalism may sometimes lead to irrevocable pessimism like approaching negative infinity.
Of course the rational outlook of men is an essential requirement in finding effective solutions for the miscellaneous problems encountered in the day-to-day life.

Since men particularly think and behave in a rational and logical manner, they were able to invent and discover a lot of means and ways that makes their jobs easy. In this process,
they have invented several machines that work automatically using either petrol engines
electric energy.
It is evident that majority of the scientists in the world are men only. Even if there are a
few women like Madam Curie encouraged by her husband Pierre Curie , they were able to achieve that with the constant support from their husbands or fathers or brothers or friends who guide them in a rational way..

But eventually irrespective of their locations, life i.e, DNA population is keep on
proliferating using both the Westerners science and technology and sentimental emotions of the Eastern people.

This way life will propagate forever in future crossing horizons and leaping galaxies by
using human intelligence for the construction and propulsion of inter planetary rockets and spaceships.
Thus evolution favored both rationalism and irrationalism one from men and the other from women in finding effective ways of bread earning for men and rearing their children with unbroken affection for women.

Why Immortality deserves high priority?
----------------------------------------------------

Among all the endeavors undertaken by the modern man, the achievement of immortality is obviously requiring a high priority. It is because that if an individual person aspires of achieving several of his ambitions with immortality being one of the ambitions, he would naturally prefer to live long so that he would get plenty of time for achieving his other goals and targets. Otherwise if he is not going to give the top priority for immortality, the chances of fulfilling all his ambitions will be lessened . Also obviously every individual including you and me would naturally opt for the same thing i.e., immortality first. When it is true for every individual, we can assume that it is true with the human race as a whole.
This way , it is not at all a hasty decision to attempt for the achievement of longevity.
And it has to be given a high priority by every country in its agenda of any modern
scientific development projects.



Immortality - An evolutionary necessity:
---------------------------------------------------
Before going for any discussion first we should recapitulate the fact that immortality is
already there in every one of us. Of course it is inherently existing in our germ cells and
is activated only in the generations that come further.
So, what all that we need to do is just to activate that power in the individual itself.

Immortality will become an evolutionary necessity since when the matter is getting converted into DNAs and other carbon compounds. We can assume that the matter in the Earth is attaining a sort of chemical equilibrium by converting itself into DNA molecules in the bodies of living beings. The attainment of immortality could be considered as one of the grand phases in the mass conversion of matter into carbons and ultimately into living forms. All the strife and struggle suffered by the people to save and support life since the beginning of history to the present day is really of prompt significance not only in the history of life on Earth , but also in cosmic evolution of matter and energy.


Why do living beings die?

Normally a creature may die under four circumstances.

1. Infection.
2. Accident
3. Cancer
4. Old age.

1. Infection:
When the parasites or germs infect the body of an organism, the DNAs present in the germs suck all the nutrient base allocated for the genes on the DNAs of the host organism and replicate themselves quickly. But the DNAs of the host may not be able to replicate at that rate. As a result, the DNAs of host organism undergo starvation and will die.
2. Accident:
In case of an accident, the injury caused to the body of a creature may halt the supply of blood containing nutrients and oxygen to the important organs like brain, lungs, heart, liver etc. Then the DNAs present in the cells those organs undergo starvation and could be able to replicate. After a certain timeout, the chemical bonds that enable the genes to synthesize enzymes undergo irrevocable break down. That is why the DNAs could not recover their previous structure which had been preserved with priority even when the required nutrient medium is provided later.

3. Cancer:
The DNA in a cancer cell undergoes replication well before the completion of construction of the complementary strand of the earlier DNA. As a result, an incomplete DNA is formed with some genes missing and some genes formed improperly. And this leads to genetic instability like gene amplification. Due to the lack of all the required genes in the new DNA, its integrity is lost. Because of this, it could not behave as a DNA of normal cell i.e., it could not carry out functions like synthesis of all the essential enzymes and polypeptides etc.
But the same non-integrated structure is lend as a hereditary character for the further DNAs. That is why cancer cells keep on growing inheriting their deformed structures.

4. Old age:
Naturally when a creature grows to its full age, the cells died in various parts of the body are not replaced with new cells. This is
because the DNAs gradually loose the capacity of replication. This happens due to the gradual break down of a specific gene which is responsible in synthesizing the enzyme 'DNA Polymerase'. As a result, when there is no NTP (NucleosideTriPhosphate) to provide heat energy for the DNA to trigger the initiation of 'replication fork', that particular DNA would not be able to replicate. As there are no child DNAs, the cell division would not take place. And when the cell remains old, it could not provide the necessary tissue required for that particular organ of the creature. This way when all the organs of the body fails to be equipped with the essential tissues they could not function in a normal way.
This way the creature will die eventually.




How to attain physical immortality?:
-----------------------------------------------

As it is told in the beginning, naturally, immortality is already there in the living beings and is attainable not for the individuals but for the generations.
We know that gene replication is a fundamental property of living matter by which the organism adopts to a changing environment. In the bacterium E.coli, the circular DNA contains information about 3000 protiens. Normally all genes are not active. If E.coli is grown on glycerol, the enzymes necessary for the metabolism of glycerol are synthesized. It means, genes start their action only when there is availability of stuff. Otherwise they will constantly in the tendency to build enzymes and polypeptides.

The process of cloning reveals the ability of a DNA to produce any number of replicas of the same living being. Here, just the DNA of the parent cell is cultured in nutrient medium and the DNA keeps on replicating until it grows into a separate individual. By this, it is clear that each somatic cell can be cloned into a separate individual being and again each cell in those individuals could be cloned into separate individuals. So, with this, it is evident that each cell in the body is intricately having the immortal power. But such a power is trapped only when the cells are cloned. What all that we need to do is to tap that power of generation into a single individual itself.

We know that a virus is composed of just an RNA/DNA and a protein wall enclosing it. This way, it is the most simpler form of life. In spite of it's simplicity, it could infect any advanced forms of life including human beings. This reveals the uniformity of the tendency to replicate for all the DNAs present on Earth. Here the DNA/RNA in a virus competes with the DNA in its prey in getting replicated faster than the DNA of the prey.
That is all what an infection is. It is not the big that eats the small. It is the fast that eats the slow. Here the individuality of the living beings is lost. Every creature is considered just as a group of DNAs. And these DNAs irrespective of the body in which they are formed of, keep on trying to replicate by consuming the available nutrients. All this is happening due to their chemical tendency to replicate. So, ultimately whatever DNAs that are able to replicate successfully in spite of the competition are able to survive and those which are not able to replicate will cease to live.

Therefore , by making a thorough research on the above important opportunities,
People may find a painless method for the perpetuation of life which is also their intuitive and intrinsic tendency.






References:

[1] Quality Management Standard for Environmental Programs ; Are You a Right-Brain or Left-Brain Thinker? By Dr. John Robert Dew, University of Alabama Originally published in Quality Progress Magazine, April 1996, pp. 91–93., http://www.asq-eed.o...ehs/Jun03/7.htm [accessed 24.12.03].

[2] The Committee on Women in Science and Engineering (CWSE) of the National Research Council National Academy Press, 1994.
Women Scientists and Engineers Employed in Industry: Why So Few?
http://onlineethics....men-indust.html [accessed on 20.12.03]

[3]
PDB Protein Data Bank - Molecule of the Month by David S.Goodsell.
DNA Polymerase ( http://www.rcsb.org/...es/pdb3_1.html) [accessed on 05.01.04]

Attached Files


Edited by BJKlein, 15 January 2004 - 08:16 PM.


#2 caliban

  • Admin, Advisor, Director
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Posted 01 February 2004 - 05:25 PM

Dear Mr. Sigman

Many thanks for proposing your article "An Understanding into the cause of Eternal Life" for inclusion into the Immortality Institute book project.
After reviewing scores of entries and arranging a common theme for the book, we regret to inform you that the inclusion of your article would not quite fit the current outline.
It does not seem likely that even an altered version would be accepted.

We wish you good luck with your research into the physical evolution of life and all the best for the future

Sincerely
The Immortality Institute editors group




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