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Akkermansia muciniphila

microbiome gut health bacteria

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#1 sthira

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Posted 10 January 2017 - 05:30 AM


Akkermansia muciniphila

Anyone have a mainstream source for this evidently beneficial bacteria?

https://knowridge.co...ose-metabolism/

Immune system uses gut bacteria to control glucose metabolism

January 10, 2017

Researchers at Oregon State University and other institutions have discovered an important link between the immune system, gut bacteria and glucose metabolism – a “cross-talk” and interaction that can lead to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome when not functioning correctly.

The findings, published today in Nature Communications, are one example of how different mammalian systems can affect each other in ways not previously understood.

A better understanding of these systems, researchers say, may lead to new probiotic approaches to diabetes and other diseases.

The research also shows the general importance of proper bacterial functions in the gut and the role of one bacteria in particular – Akkermansia muciniphila – in helping to regulate glucose metabolism.

This bacteria’s function is so important, scientists say, that it has been conserved through millions of years of evolution to perform a similar function in both mice and humans.

“We’re discovering that in biology there are multiple connections and communications, what we call cross-talk, that are very important in ways we’re just beginning to understand,” said Dr. Natalia Shulzhenko, an assistant professor in the OSU College of Veterinary Medicine, and one of the corresponding authors on this study.

“It’s being made clear by a number of studies that our immune system, in particular, is closely linked to other metabolic functions in ways we never realized. This is still unconventional thinking, and it’s being described as a new field called immunometabolism.”

“Through the process of evolution, mammals, including humans, have developed functional systems that communicate with each other, and microbes are an essential part of that process.”

It had been previously observed that an immune mediator – one type of interferon, or signaling protein called IFN-y – can affect the proper function of glucose metabolism.

IFN-y helps fight several pathogens and infections, but a decrease in its levels can lead to improvement in glucose metabolism. However, this actual process has not been understood.

“Before this, no one had a clue exactly how IFN-y affected glucose tolerance,” said Andrey Morgun, an assistant professor in the OSU College of Pharmacy and also a corresponding author on the study.

“The involvement of microbes had not really been considered. But with the help of a statistical model and an approach we call a transkingdom network, we were able to pinpoint some likely bacterial candidates.”

The bacteria A. muciniphila, was found to play a critical role in this communication process – in their study, the scientists called it a “missing link.”

Research showed that mice specially bred with reduced levels of IFN-y had higher levels of A. muciniphila, and significantly improved glucose tolerance. When IFN-y levels increased, A. muciniphila levels declined, and glucose tolerance was reduced.

Similar observations were also made in humans. It’s been observed, for instance, that athletes who are extremely fit have high levels of the gut bacteria A. muciniphila, which is a mucus-degrading bacteria.

The research makes clear that two systems once believed to be functionally separate – immunity and glucose metabolism – are, in fact, closely linked, and the bridge can be provided by gut bacteria.

There’s probably more than one bacteria involved in this process of communication and metabolic control, researchers said.

The gut harbors literally thousands of microbes that appear to function almost as a metabolically active organ, emphasizing the critical importance of gut bacterial health.

Bacteria-mediated communication, of course, is just one part of complex human systems – issues such as proper diet, exercise, and appropriate weight control are all still important, the researchers said.

Edited by sthira, 10 January 2017 - 05:32 AM.

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#2 albedo

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Posted 10 January 2017 - 10:13 AM

Interesting. I came across this species studying the connection of microbiota to health and longevity.

 

One interesting result came from the team of Claudio Franceschi et al who has discovered a shift in the gut microbiota of centenarians which tends to include beneficial strains such as Akkermansia municiphila (as well as  Bifidobacterium, and Christensenellaceae). However, at the same time, they also stated that it is not clear “...whether these gut bacteria are always lost during aging and reacquired by the subjects who get to live longer or whether they are maintained across aging and longevity only by long-living subjects...

 

Also, it is known metformin, a drug used to manage glucose in T2DM, can alter the microbiota in particular by increasing the relative Akkermansia muciniphila which supports your study. In general this increase goes along I think with the increase of bacteria involved in the in short-chain fatty acid production sort of hallmark of an healthy flora.

 

As for increasing Akkermansia muciniphila naturally, it is a mater of increasing their pre-biotic food sources. I did not research much on this but came across a post in reddit by someone apparently doing microbiota research who wrote: “You have the advantage of already having non-zero levels of Akkermansia. You can push the equilibrium state of your microbiome to be more favorable to them and they will increase in abundance. In order to do this, put their favorite foods into their environment. It seems to me that the best things you could take are pomegranate extract, prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides), Mucin, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Considering the proposed beneficial mechanism of action of Akkermansia, you may also benefit from additional glutamine.

 

 

 

 

 


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#3 Harkijn

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Posted 10 January 2017 - 11:56 AM

The Genome Portal seems to confirm this view:

http://genome.jgi.do...akkmu.home.html


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#4 normalizing

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Posted 17 January 2017 - 01:54 AM

so if you have none of it in the body, it makes no sense to me how you will increase it to begin with.... might as well take probiotc containing it, but whats taking so long to make one



#5 Darryl

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Posted 17 January 2017 - 03:25 AM

Bacterial strains approved for probiotics in the US and EU are usually have "generally accepted as safe" status due to their presence in fermented foods (even they're only minor elements of healthy gut microbiota). 

Akkermansia sp,, as specialized mucin degraders, aren't adapted to survive the conditions of food fermentation and hence would require safety testing prior to approval.

 

Gómez-Gallego et al, 2016. Akkermansia muciniphila: a novel functional microbe with probiotic propertiesBeneficial microbes7(4), pp.571-584.

Akkermansia muciniphila is an intestinal anaerobe which has been proposed as a new functional microbe with probiotic properties. However, the species is not included in the European Union qualified presumption of safety (QPS) list and has not yet been assessed. Moreover, products containing A. muciniphila are not on the market and are thus controlled by the Novel Foods Regulation, which requires extensive safety assessment. 

 

I presume the situation in the U.S. and other larger probiotics markets is similar.

 

Fortunately, about 92% of humans already have Akkermansia, so its mostly a matter of providing fermentable fiber for other SCFA producing species, which in turn stimulates mucin production, and perhaps reducing dietary protein.

 


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#6 albedo

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Posted 17 January 2017 - 03:29 PM

Just wish to log on this specific thread an often cited study, mentioning in particular prebiotic (oligofructose) for, and the importance of a viable source of, A. muciniphila:

 

Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, et al. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(22):9066-71.

http://www.pnas.org/...10/22/9066.full

 

Abstract

"Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by altered gut microbiota, inflammation, and gut barrier disruption. Microbial composition and the mechanisms of interaction with the host that affect gut barrier function during obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been elucidated. We recently isolated Akkermansia muciniphila, which is a mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the mucus layer. The presence of this bacterium inversely correlates with body weight in rodents and humans. However, the precise physiological roles played by this bacterium during obesity and metabolic disorders are unknown. This study demonstrated that the abundance of A. muciniphila decreased in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. We also observed that prebiotic feeding normalized A. muciniphila abundance, which correlated with an improved metabolic profile. In addition, we demonstrated that A. muciniphila treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders, including fat-mass gain, metabolic endotoxemia, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. A. muciniphila administration increased the intestinal levels of endocannabinoids that control inflammation, the gut barrier, and gut peptide secretion. Finally, we demonstrated that all these effects required viable A. muciniphila because treatment with heat-killed cells did not improve the metabolic profile or the mucus layer thickness. In summary, this study provides substantial insight into the intricate mechanisms of bacterial (i.e., A. muciniphila) regulation of the cross-talk between the host and gut microbiota. These results also provide a rationale for the development of a treatment that uses this human mucus colonizer for the prevention or treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders." (bold mine)


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#7 jjnz

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Posted 17 April 2018 - 03:02 AM

For what it's worth I had 4 uBiome assays done ( 1 month apart), in the first two my Akkermansia were 8x the population norm, in the second two they were non existent.  

 



#8 Nate-2004

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Posted 17 April 2018 - 12:08 PM

I recall from an old reddit thread that they feast off FOS and fish oil. I was off and on with the FOS over the past 2 years but lately I have taken it every day. 

 

From what I hear they grow and shrink in population based on what you eat, so for the above post if they were gone after two months your diet may have changed a bit. I doubt they're completely gone though, probably just lower population.



#9 Harkijn

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Posted 17 April 2018 - 03:54 PM

Have you seen this study, showing that mice on a fatty diet feel a lot better when given cranberry extract(CE)? To their surprise the researchers found that CE boosted the Akkermansias in general and they briefly discuss that CE is the easiest way to boost A. Municiphila.

http://sci-hub.hk/ht...jnl-2014-307142



#10 albedo

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Posted 04 April 2019 - 07:37 AM

A company to follow on Akkermansia muciniphila (sorry if old news to you)

University of Louvain and Wageningen University launch their new spin-off A-Mansia: a microbiome company

https://uclouvain.be...in-off-ucl.html



#11 Adaptogen

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Posted 06 January 2020 - 08:12 AM

Thus, as detailed below, 6-week-old Wistar rats (rodents) were used to compare the intestinal bacterial floras of a group fed with an astaxanthin-containing diet for four weeks and a group fed with a normal diet for four weeks. It is presumed from the result that the number of Akkermansia muciniphila, bacteria of the genus Akkermansia, in the group fed with the astaxanthin-containing diet increased and is about 11.7 times higher than that of the group fed with the normal diet.

https://patents.goog...0190240168A1/en
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#12 ta5

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Posted 13 February 2021 - 06:26 PM

This "Pendulum Glucose Control" pre/probiotic supplement contains "Akkermansia muciniphila WB-STR-0001" among others:

https://pendulumlife...ucose-control-2



#13 ta5

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Posted 11 February 2022 - 09:42 AM

Another company is selling it. 

https://store.ifsmed...akkermansia.htm

It's a low budget website. I wonder if it's legit. I wonder who actually produces the bacteria. There's no indication they are growing it themselves. It's also sold on Amazon where says it's "sourced from USA, and is manufactured in Canada".



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#14 ta5

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Posted 12 February 2022 - 01:27 AM

Maybe we could buy some live Akkermansia muciniphila capsules and culture it ourselves to save money. It's not a lactic acid bacteria, so we aren't going to make yogurt from it. I wonder if it would work to culture it in a medium of Gelatin, L-Threonine, N-Acteyl-Glucosamine, and Glucose? And maybe added Alanine, Glutamate, Proline and Serine. Or, beef or chicken broth.

 

Study of growth, metabolism, and morphology of Akkermansia muciniphila with an in vitro advanced bionic intestinal reactor

 

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