MnSOD and H2O2
zawy
10 Nov 2008
I've been interested in a connection between resveratrol, exercise, and light therapy and how these are different from calorie restriction and living at high altitude (fewer calories burned because there's less oxygen). The first 3 increase MnSOD that reduces the O-2 radical, so they are anti-oxidant therapies. The last two stop O-2 at the source by burning fewer calories. CR and living at altitude also slow the whole system down and therefore cell turnover. Hopefully this slowing down of the cells does not go so far as to dimish the rate of neuron firings in the brain such that time as perceived in the mind is also slowed down. That would mean that although the world measures the subject's lifespan as longer, the subject has not actually experienced more life as far as his brain is concerned. I would think that if IQ is the same after adjusting to altitude, that the brain's ability to experience time has not also slowed down.
Back to the first 3, resveratrol, exercise, and light therapy: by being anti-oxidants, they reduce cellular injuries that cause a higher turnover rate and they prevent errors in encoding. Sessions of too much exercise and light therapy are pro-oxidant.
A tangent on altitude
The altitude is significant. In Peru "mountain people" live off cheap carbs and animal products with virtually nothing to speak of in the way of fruits, fish, fiber, and not too many vegetables other than potatos and corn, and yet living over 100 does not impress anyone, unless your skin is light-colored from Spanish fathers who made to the remote locations. It's well known in Peru that if highlanders come down from the mountains and start eating a "healthier" diet, they die as fast as everyone else. Most of the long lifespan people in the world are in remote mountain locations. It's likely due to remoteness (lack of predators and war for hundreds of generations) that leads to long-life genes due to long-lived females having more babies as shown in the famous fruit fly experiment and okinawan genes.
A tangent on purple corn
High altitude peruvians do have one "fruit", purple corn, which is very popular as a drink extract (chicha mirada). Purple corn has a lot more anthocyanins than blueberries. Talk about a cheap source of anthocyanins. It prevents obesity in mice fed a high fat diet. That sounds familiar. One or two corn stalks produce more anthocyanins than a blueberry bush and you can imagine the difference in production costs. I'm sure the extra UV at the high altitude of the sacred valley increases the antioxidants as it does in other fruits. So the purple corn here is not likely to be as good.
Back to what i originally wanted to post about
O-2 is the most dangerous anti-oxidant and the electron transport chain is the source of O-2 in respiration. Inefficiency in respiration leaks more electrons that create more O-2 than is necessary. But it's well-known that the increase in MnSOD without changing anything else will lead to more H2O2 which leads to greater expression of MMP-1 that is strongly implicated in aging and cancer. Since resveratrol and exercise increase MnSOD but do not have these negative effects, they must be decreasing H2O2 as well as increasing MnSOD. Just the presence of more MnSOD could trigger the catalase and gultathione that degrade H2O2. Extra H2O2 itself may cause more gultathione to be produced and thereby finish the job started by MnSOD. Nicotinamide increases NAD+ that increases endurance by regenerating gultathione to reduce H2O2. Resveratrol, moderate exercise, and light therapy also increase the NAD+/NADH ratio and thereby the gultathione/gssh ratio to reducing H2O2. Exercise, resveratrol, and light therapy seem to "fix" oxidation, but CR and altitude seem to stop it at the source. Exercise, living at altitude, a little sun, not eating too much, and some purple corn seem to be a great plan for longevity.
Some supporting abstracts:
MnSOD promotes H2O2 that promotes MMP-1
http://www.jbc.org/c...ct/274/36/25869
MMP-1 implicated in preventind cell death. Good or bad?
http://ajp.amjpathol...ract/166/5/1555
Exercise causes causes more MnSOD and possibly cell turnover:
http://www.fasebj.or.../18/13/1499.pdf
NAD+ is elevated with moderate exercise and depleted under heavy exercise. Nicotinamide increases it to improve endurance:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/11508711
Purple corn better than resveratrol?
http://www.laleva.or...corn-print.html
Resveratrol increases MnSOD:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/18167310
Edited by zawy, 10 November 2008 - 04:17 PM.
Back to the first 3, resveratrol, exercise, and light therapy: by being anti-oxidants, they reduce cellular injuries that cause a higher turnover rate and they prevent errors in encoding. Sessions of too much exercise and light therapy are pro-oxidant.
A tangent on altitude
The altitude is significant. In Peru "mountain people" live off cheap carbs and animal products with virtually nothing to speak of in the way of fruits, fish, fiber, and not too many vegetables other than potatos and corn, and yet living over 100 does not impress anyone, unless your skin is light-colored from Spanish fathers who made to the remote locations. It's well known in Peru that if highlanders come down from the mountains and start eating a "healthier" diet, they die as fast as everyone else. Most of the long lifespan people in the world are in remote mountain locations. It's likely due to remoteness (lack of predators and war for hundreds of generations) that leads to long-life genes due to long-lived females having more babies as shown in the famous fruit fly experiment and okinawan genes.
A tangent on purple corn
High altitude peruvians do have one "fruit", purple corn, which is very popular as a drink extract (chicha mirada). Purple corn has a lot more anthocyanins than blueberries. Talk about a cheap source of anthocyanins. It prevents obesity in mice fed a high fat diet. That sounds familiar. One or two corn stalks produce more anthocyanins than a blueberry bush and you can imagine the difference in production costs. I'm sure the extra UV at the high altitude of the sacred valley increases the antioxidants as it does in other fruits. So the purple corn here is not likely to be as good.
Back to what i originally wanted to post about
O-2 is the most dangerous anti-oxidant and the electron transport chain is the source of O-2 in respiration. Inefficiency in respiration leaks more electrons that create more O-2 than is necessary. But it's well-known that the increase in MnSOD without changing anything else will lead to more H2O2 which leads to greater expression of MMP-1 that is strongly implicated in aging and cancer. Since resveratrol and exercise increase MnSOD but do not have these negative effects, they must be decreasing H2O2 as well as increasing MnSOD. Just the presence of more MnSOD could trigger the catalase and gultathione that degrade H2O2. Extra H2O2 itself may cause more gultathione to be produced and thereby finish the job started by MnSOD. Nicotinamide increases NAD+ that increases endurance by regenerating gultathione to reduce H2O2. Resveratrol, moderate exercise, and light therapy also increase the NAD+/NADH ratio and thereby the gultathione/gssh ratio to reducing H2O2. Exercise, resveratrol, and light therapy seem to "fix" oxidation, but CR and altitude seem to stop it at the source. Exercise, living at altitude, a little sun, not eating too much, and some purple corn seem to be a great plan for longevity.
Some supporting abstracts:
MnSOD promotes H2O2 that promotes MMP-1
http://www.jbc.org/c...ct/274/36/25869
MMP-1 implicated in preventind cell death. Good or bad?
http://ajp.amjpathol...ract/166/5/1555
Exercise causes causes more MnSOD and possibly cell turnover:
http://www.fasebj.or.../18/13/1499.pdf
NAD+ is elevated with moderate exercise and depleted under heavy exercise. Nicotinamide increases it to improve endurance:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/11508711
Purple corn better than resveratrol?
http://www.laleva.or...corn-print.html
Resveratrol increases MnSOD:
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/18167310
Edited by zawy, 10 November 2008 - 04:17 PM.
