Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014 Nov 19:ajprenal.00252.2014.
Theobromine increases NAD+/Sirt1 activity
#1
Posted 22 November 2014 - 04:04 AM
#2
Posted 22 November 2014 - 05:23 AM
In diabetic SHR rats, theobromine prevented increases in albuminuria and kidney collagen IV, reduced AMPK, elevated NADPH oxidase activity and PARP-1, and reduced NAD+ levels and Sirt-1 activity.
It took me a moment to realize that this sentence means theobromine prevents all of the following activities: increases in albuminuria/kidney collagen, prevents reduced AMPK, prevents elevated NADPH oxidase, etc.
This was a really interesting datapoint. Thanks for contributing this link, ta5.
#3
Posted 22 November 2014 - 11:40 AM
I have become fascinated by theobromine in the last few days. I started drinking Cadbury's Bourneville cocoa recently--not for health reasons--not having drunk that sort of thing since childhood. Within a couple of days, I was hooked and choosing to drink it instead of coffee.
As far as coffee goes, I seem to need it but do not notice any stimulatory effect, presumably because I am conditioned to it. But this cocoa produced the stimulating effect that I theoretically associate with coffee. Looking up the components, I think it is likely that theobromine is responsible, because it is a similar type of substance to caffeine.
I did not look for a health benefit from Cadbury's Bourneville cocoa, because it is treated by the "dutching" process, which alkalises the cocoa to make it less bitter and in so doing knocks out most of the flavanols. From my experience, however, I am deducing that the theobromine--a xanthine--is not knocked out in the dutching process. If I am right, then the good news is that, for once, it might be possible to pleasantly access a useful compound without spending a load of money on supplements or fancy raw speciality foods.
One other thing I noticed is that my perpetually runny nose seems to have cleared up while drinking Bourneville. It could be a coincidence, but I notice that theobromine has been found to reduce coughing. Perhaps it helps against a runny nose in a connected way.
Edited by Gerrans, 22 November 2014 - 11:51 AM.
#4
Posted 22 November 2014 - 04:20 PM
Looking up the components, I think it is likely that theobromine is responsible, because it is a similar type of substance to caffeine.
Theobromine is available as a concentrated powder, so you could find out. I tried it. I didn't like it, but it was part of the effect that I get from cocoa.
#5
Posted 25 November 2014 - 07:42 PM
Link to pdf download of paper: http://libgen.org/sc...enal.00252.2014
#6
Posted 30 November 2014 - 08:46 PM
#7
Posted 30 November 2014 - 10:25 PM
link not working, Dstein
Not sure why it isn't working, but if you go to libgen.org and in the field for "scientific article" enter the DOI: "10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2014" you'll be directed to a working download link for the PDF.
#9
Posted 01 December 2014 - 12:13 AM
Jeanne Calment was a big fan... http://en.wikipedia..../Jeanne_Calment "ate nearly one kilogram (2.2 lb) of chocolate every week"
Lived to 122!
Edited by synesthesia, 01 December 2014 - 12:14 AM.
#10
Posted 03 December 2014 - 07:38 PM
A study in healthy subjects would really be what is of interest to assess for potentials to exceed normal physiological levels.
The dose used was quite modest and practical:
Although the 8% of theobromine in 24 mg/kg of CL that the SHR rats received corresponds to 2 mg/kg of theobromine, we chose to treat them with 5 mg/kg. We made this decision because in the recent study in humans, the dose of theobromine was roughly 14 mg/kg (35), and it has been estimated that acute oral toxicity in rats is achieved with a much higher dose (950 mg/kg) (42). Therefore, 5 mg/kg of theobromine to treat rats is still quite a low dose
Jeanne Calment was a big fan... http://en.wikipedia..../Jeanne_Calment "ate nearly one kilogram (2.2 lb) of chocolate every week"
Lived to 122!
Most conventional chocolate (milk chocolate) consumed is very low in the actual components found in Theobroma Cacao itself (ie, theobromine et al.).
#11
Posted 03 December 2014 - 10:18 PM
A study in healthy subjects would really be what is of interest to assess for potentials to exceed normal physiological levels.
The dose used was quite modest and practical:
Although the 8% of theobromine in 24 mg/kg of CL that the SHR rats received corresponds to 2 mg/kg of theobromine, we chose to treat them with 5 mg/kg. We made this decision because in the recent study in humans, the dose of theobromine was roughly 14 mg/kg (35), and it has been estimated that acute oral toxicity in rats is achieved with a much higher dose (950 mg/kg) (42). Therefore, 5 mg/kg of theobromine to treat rats is still quite a low dose
Jeanne Calment was a big fan... http://en.wikipedia..../Jeanne_Calment "ate nearly one kilogram (2.2 lb) of chocolate every week"
Lived to 122!
Most conventional chocolate (milk chocolate) consumed is very low in the actual components found in Theobroma Cacao itself (ie, theobromine et al.).
This is true. But something is making people need their fix of milk chocolate. If it were just the sugar or the milk in it, they would not have such cravings for chocolate in particular.
#12
Posted 04 December 2014 - 02:36 AM
"Most conventional chocolate (milk chocolate) consumed is very low in the actual components found in Theobroma Cacao itself (ie, theobromine et al.)."
That's why you need a kilo/week if you want to live to 122!
Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: theobromine, nad, sirt1, nad+
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