Hi there, its a shame most people here don't know more about the science of what they are buying (racetams) when looking for nootropic substances. glutaminergic and gaba signaling has all to do with the information processing in the brain, which is why ampakines may be what everyone is looking for when they want a nootropic substance. (although safety is always a valid concern to be on lookout)
I dont think the flouride issue may be valid with unifiram because it may be a different form of fluoride as a flourine, and which may also have totally different properties in comparison to flouride. fluoride is a concern though. its best to double check yourself as i don't really know
Also would like to add that cAMP and cGMP, and phosphorylation in general is highly relevant to glutaminergic signaling.
"BAY 73-6691 is a drug developed by Bayer for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It was the first compound developed that acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE9A subtype. The PDE9A enzyme is expressed primarily in the brain, with high concentrations in the cerebellum, neocortex, striatum, and hippocampus, and acts to limit the cGMP-mediated signal transduction which occurs following glutamate binding to NMDA receptors. Consequently selective PDE9A inhibitors were predicted to prolong intracellular responses to glutamate and enhance glutamate signalling, and since this process is known to be involved in learning and memory, PDE9A inhibitors should have a nootropic effect and may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's.[1]"
http://en.wikipedia....iki/BAY_73-6691and histaminergics may also have glutamate activity, such as Modafinil and ABT-239.
"ABT-239 is an H3-receptor inverse agonist developed by Abbott. It has stimulant and nootropic effects, and has been investigated as a treatment for ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.[1][2][3][4] ABT-239 is more active at the human H3 receptor than comparable agents such as thioperamide, ciproxifan, and cipralisant. It was ultimately dropped from human trials after showing the dangerous cardiac side effect of QT prolongation,[5] but is still widely used in animal research into H3 antagonists / inverse agonists."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABT-239The vigilance promoting drug modafinil increases extracellular glutamate levels in the medial preoptic area and the posterior hypothalamus of the conscious rat: prevention by local GABAA receptor blockade.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/10088135And If you interested in learning more about ampakines a good book i recommend is this one:
http://www.amazon.co...09206093&sr=8-4
Edited by Ampa-omega, 27 June 2011 - 08:36 PM.