The research community is now very interested in the development of means to reduce the various hallmarks of aging, a framework for thinking about how to treat aging as a medical condition. This is quite the change from the state of affairs twenty years ago, a time at which it remained scientific career suicide to make a habit of advocating for the development of therapies to slow or reverse aging. Now that the community has come around to the concept of treating aging, there are any number of published commentaries and reviews similar to the one noted here. One can hope that now we are over the hurdle of convincing people to actually work on the problem, the next few decades will see meaningful progress towards reducing the burden of damage and dysfunction in later life.
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a gradual decline in cellular and physiological function, increasing vulnerability to chronic diseases and mortality. It involves a set of interconnected mechanisms known as the hallmarks of aging, including genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, and dysregulated nutrient sensing. These processes act at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, contributing to age-related disorders such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndromes.
Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to delay or reverse aging by targeting specific hallmarks. These include senolytics to eliminate senescent cells, NAD+ boosters, and mitophagy inducers to improve mitochondrial health, epigenetic reprogramming, and caloric restriction mimetics such as metformin and rapamycin to modulate nutrient-sensing pathways. Advances in regenerative medicine, gene editing, and organ cross-talk modulation are also contributing to the development of personalized, multi-targeted anti-aging therapies. Integration of omics technologies and biomarker research is expected to enhance our ability to monitor biological aging and optimize interventions for healthy longevity. This review highlights the current understanding of the hallmarks of aging and explores potential treatment strategies in light of our recent findings.
Link: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1631578
View the full article at FightAging
