Just for my own education.. I've been meaning to do a little more looking into the B family since the implication of NADH and PNC1 in caloric restriction. As NADH is essential as well for respiration, it may be that levels of NADH are influenced by B vitamins. Michael Price on sci.life-extension is very supportive that mega-dosing vitamin B related compounds is beneficial.
AKA niacin (as in nicer than nicotine from cigarettes)
- is used for the production of co-enzymes used in respiration, NAD and NADP
AKA niacinamide
Inositol Hexaniacinate/hexacnicotinateBiological SynthesisHumans do not have the ability to synthesise sufficient nicotinic acid, this means that it is an essential component of a balanced diet. Some mammals are able to synthesise this chemical so it is not an essential component of their diets. For example, dogs can synthesise nicotinic acid from the amino-acid tryptophan. This might be an essential amino-acid, but for dogs, nicotinic acid is definitely NOT a vitamin. Bacteria in our large intestines, the colon, may convert tryptophan into nicotinic acid; this means that we could survive if sufficient bacterial activity took place. Our intestinal bacteria would require 60 mg of tryptophan to synthesise 1 mg of nicotinic acid so don't count on them.
MechanismsNicotinic acid is required by our cells for the synthesis of the co-enzymes used by dehydrogenase in tissue respiration. These are NAD and NADP (remember these from your work on tissue respiration?) If dehydrogenase does not function (it cannot do so without its co-enzymes) there will be an accumulation of various intermediates of tissue respiration. For example, succinic dehydrogenase is required to convert succinic acid into fumaric acid. The accumulation of these intermediates prevents normal tissue respiration, so how can cells obtain energy? The first cells to suffer from deficiency of nicotinic acid(niacin) are the most active ones (nerve cells) and those which readily lose nicotinic acid because it is soluble in water (epithelia).
As the use of niacin can produce liver toxicity at levels required to control cholesterol, inositol hexanicotinate has been researched and found to be effective without the problems of niacin/nicotinic acid.
Here's a pretty decent, if dated (96), discusson on the use of niacin and inositol hexanicotinate for various purposes.
http://www.thorne.co...xaniacinate.pdf
Edited by kevin, 03 September 2003 - 03:21 AM.