How do we know paleos didn't eat legumes? If they encountered a pea plant, wouldn't they have eaten peas? What paleo would have eaten lettuce but not snow peas, for instance? I generally don't eat any legumes but am curious.
Legumes are tricky, because obviously snow peas are edible in their raw form where as peanuts, kidney beans, and many others are not. Furthermore, many legumes contain phytoestrogens, lectins, phytates, and protease inhibitors, which interfere with our absorption of nutrients. These toxins serve legumes as natural pesticides and preservatives, but they do not serve us as they perform the same operations within our bodies. Toxins are associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. For this reason many paleo dieters strictly remove all legumes from their diet. However, I personally think that if the legume can be eaten raw (not that it always must be eaten raw) then it is probably okay to add to the list of acceptable foods if one eats them in moderation.
Anthropologists have a pretty decent understanding of what paleo people ate from the condition of their bones and artifacts surrounding their places of habitation. One new technique being used by scientists is analyzing the carbon isotope signature of the collagen in paleolithic and neolithic bones. The collagen has the carbon signature of the foods we have eaten.
Recently I was reading a book on the paleolithic peoples of Europe (ranging from Britain to Greece) and it was found their diet consisted mostly of local leafy vegetation, some fruit, and large quantities of animal meat and nuts. These foods were identified by carbon isotope signatures.
Edited by Skotkonung, 29 April 2009 - 06:16 PM.