l-tryptophan: that is an amino acid, right?
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Effects of L-Tryptophan
The body uses tryptophan to produce melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep; niacin (vitamin B3), which is essential for normal gastrointestinal and nerve processes; and serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in controlling moods and appetite.
Tryptophan is well-known as an antidepressant, because it converts into serotonin in the body. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps to moderate depression and related disorders such as premenstrual syndrome. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages from nerve cells to other cells. Unlike antidepressant drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that only preserve the amounts of serotonin already in circulation, tryptophan actually changes into additional serotonin. By increasing the amount of serotonin in the blood, tryptophan may also increase serotonin’s antidepressant effects. Tryptophan is also involved in the body’s regulation of sleep. It has been shown in human clinical studies that low levels of tryptophan contribute to insomnia. Increasing tryptophan may help to normalize sleep patterns. However, higher than usual levels of tryptophan in the blood have been associated with conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome. Whether the high tryptophan levels are a cause of the condition or a result from it are unclear. More studies are underway to better understand tryptophan’s role in both depression and sleep disorders.
In other research, studies of tryptophan’s effect on eating may show that raising tryptophan levels in the body may decrease appetite – especially for carbohydrates. While the exact reasons for this effect have not been identified, it is known that consuming carbohydrates increases serotonin levels, making carbohydrates among the most often over consumed “comfort foods”. In general, eating them makes most individuals feel less depressed due to the increased serotonin levels they produce. Substituting tryptophan for carbohydrate foods may also reduce depressed feelings. For similar reasons, tryptophan may also have a role in helping smokers to quit.
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