LONGECITY

1. “Trehalose ameliorates dopaminergic and tau pathology in parkin deleted/tau overexpressing mice through autophagy activation” (2015) https://drive.google...kPqNZqGFIWdZR  
2. “Trehalose ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress via selective autophagy stimulation and autophagic flux restoration in osteoarthritis development” (2017) https://www.nature.c...es/cddis2017453
3. “Oral trehalose supplementation improves resistance artery endothelial function in healthy middle‐aged and older adults” (2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm...ing-08-1167.pdf
4. Trehalose works by blocking glucose transport and mimicking calorie restriction, thus activating AMPK.  “Mystery solved: Trehalose kickstarts autophagy by blocking glucose transport” (2016) https://drive.google...ufL3iPcKgJeh9  

• 1 tsp/day for 10 days had no apparent effect. 
• 2 tsp, 1x/day for 7 days lead to fading of lipofuscin accumulation in spots on my hands and face beginning within a couple of days. This fading appeared to slow on days 6 and 7.
• 2 tsp, 2x/day for 3 days resulted in dramatic increase in spot fading but minor muscle aches and fatigue on day 2 and slight fever on day 3. My doctor suggested that the aches were a symptom of rhabdomyolysis. Comprehensive blood panel tests 2 weeks later showed no issues.

 Liposomal Trehalose Preparation with References_2018-09.pdf   245.26KB   82 downloads

Can this still induce autophagy if your not fasted?

I did not fast during this test. Liposomal trehalose induces autophagy independently of fasting. Trehalose works by blocking glucose transport and mimicking calorie restriction, thus activating AMPK.

“Mystery solved: Trehalose kickstarts autophagy by blocking glucose transport” (2016) https://drive.google...qmufL3iPcKgJeh9

“At least for me, 2 tsp, 1x/day for 5 or 6 days seems safe and effective. 2 tsp, 2x/day is harmful.”

What harm did you experience from 2 tsp 2x/day?

Minor muscle aches and fatigue on day 2 and slight fever on day 3. These are symptoms of rhabdomyolysis.

I should add that my 3 trials (1 tsp/day, 2 tsp/day, 2tsp, 2x/day) were consecutive, one after the other without recovery time in between.

Did the spots fade permanently? Any other "permanent" changes?

I did a second round of liposomal trehalose (2 tsp/day for 5 days) about 3 weeks after the initial round. The spots on the back of my hands still appeared faded at the beginning of that round, and are still faded today (it has been less than 3 weeks), so I can only know for sure that those spots remain faded for 3 weeks.

Do you follow any particular diet?

I'm curious how this would work for someone following a keto diet like me.  

For those keto adapted to burn fat and not be dependent on glucose, it might not have as much effect.  

Or, it might allow higher dosage and work even better.

Yet another test I'll have to try - thanks for the info.

Do you follow any particular diet?

 

I'm curious how this would work for someone following a keto diet like me.  

 

For those keto adapted to burn fat and not be dependent on glucose, it might not have as much effect.  

 

Or, it might allow higher dosage and work even better.

 

Yet another test I'll have to try - thanks for the info.

I considered fasting (by a fasting mimicking diet) but decided against it for the reasons:

1) I wanted to determine the efficacy of lipo trehalose in activating autophagy without complicating factors

2) I presumed that if lipo trehalose was truly effective, I would not need to further promote autophagy. Indeed it was, since taking to much for too long apparently caused rhabdomyolysis.

In my second trial, I experienced slight muscle aches on the 4th and 5th days, and stopped after day 5. I didn't want to push it any further.

• Soybean lecithin (Now brand) has 26.3% alcohol soluble content (isopropyl). This is close to product labels.
• Sunflower lecithin (Swanson brand) has 19.5% alcohol soluble content.(isopropyl). This is lower than product labels.
• A brand that advertises a high (40%) phosphatidylcholine content (Happy Bodies, HB-PC Phosphatidyl Choline-40%) had a 28% alcohol soluble content (isopropyl).

Quality control of the Phosphatidylcholine content of Soybean Lecithin

I have followed the example of Fafner55 and made a control of the PC content in Soy Lecithin.

Soy Lecithin brand:  NEMKUR (made in Germany)

Process:        40 g Soy Lecithin was dissolved in 200 g Isopropyl (Isopropanol) 99.5%.

                      The blend (in a jar with lid) was mixed for two days by magnetic stirring.

                      The mixture settled for 12 h and a yellow transparent liquid was formed over a sludge on the bottom.                        

                       I poured of the alcohol liquid and was careful of not getting any sludge into the new beaker. This repeated several times.

                       I had now 135 g of isopropyl plus alcohol soluble substances.

                       The new beaker was placed in a water bath which was heated to 95 C. After two h had all the isopropyl evaporated and left was 4.5 g of a oily, yellowish                                   transparent liquid with a viscosity somewhere between oliveoil and syrup.

                       Assuming that all the alcohol in the sludge has the same concentration of soluble substances (PC and others) then this would give a total 6.9 g of soluble                                 content, i.e. 17 % of the used 40 g Soy Lecithin.

Discussion:     The Nemkur label states more then 20 % PC which might have been extracted if one had a more optimized process. But if I want to do my own Liposomal                                 mixture (following the Fafner55 process) then this is probably the concentration of PC I can expect using Nemkur Soy Lecithin.

Did you sonicate or use a high speed mixer in making your preparation?

I only used a magnetic stirrer.

No mixer(blender) or ultrasound equipment was used. This could perhaps increase yield.

Nice work Munin. It points to a large range of phosphatidylcholine (PC) content in commercially available lecithins. This isn't surprising given differences in soybean seed and growing conditions.

Knowing the PC content will help adjust a liposomal trehalose dose. When you get to that point, if you take a dose that compares to one I took (such as 2 tsp, 1x/day), please let us know if and when you experience muscle pain.

I only used a magnetic stirrer.

 

No mixer(blender) or ultrasound equipment was used. This could perhaps increase yield.

I do not believe you will get any significant amount of liposome encapsulation from magnetic stirring only.  I might be wrong about that but I've never heard of anyone making liposome encapsulations by that method.

This highlights the fact we really need some way to check these attempts at liposomal encapsulation to see how successful they were.

Well, this experiment was not about making "Liposome formation". 

The purpose was only to establish the amount of PC in my Soy Lecithin to be used later on for Liposomal Trehalose.

I just followed the above described process in Phosphatidylcholine Content of Soybean versus Sunflower Lecithin.pdf

But please do some expreiments according to your own ideas and report back your findings. Thats the only way bring the common knowledge forward. 

OK?

  Phosphatidylcholine Content of Soybean versus Sunflower Lecithin.pdf   65.11KB   11 d

Ah, I misunderstood.  That's what I get for not reading carefully.

Thats easy to do. There is so much information on this site so you have to read fast  .

I do not believe you will get any significant amount of liposome encapsulation from magnetic stirring only.  I might be wrong about that but I've never heard of anyone making liposome encapsulations by that method.

 

This highlights the fact we really need some way to check these attempts at liposomal encapsulation to see how successful they were.

This is somewhat not completely relevant yet I think it is worth mentioning. You never know what other people might know and what brainstorming might bring here. There is actually a product that has been developed called "pro-lipo™ neo" that all you have to do is stir in your lipid or water soluble compounds and it instantly makes 200-250nm liposomes. It's a fairly new technology and is now being sold to the cosmetic industry for extremely easy to make liposomes. Maybe the compounds they use are safe for ingestion? Maybe this can be replicated ourselves, or with other food safe compounds? Just thought I should throw it out there. It's a pretty amazing new concept.

Do you follow any particular diet?

 

I'm curious how this would work for someone following a keto diet like me.  

 

For those keto adapted to burn fat and not be dependent on glucose, it might not have as much effect.  

 

Or, it might allow higher dosage and work even better.

 

Yet another test I'll have to try - thanks for the info.

I would guess autophagy already upregulated on keto, as glucose transporters will not be active.

There is some evidence for upregulation of autophagy and mitophagy on a KD:

https://www.ncbi.nlm...pubmed/29056525

https://www.ncbi.nlm...les/PMC5186794/

I don't have time to read the full research  this newsreport refers to, but I  just want to make sure you don't miss this article about autophagy and trehalose:

 https://www.scienced...01016143052.htm

Hello,

Thank you very much for this very informative post Fafner55.

I have a question nevertheless, does this liposomal trehalose cross the blood brain barrier?

Hello,

 

Thank you very much for this very informative post Fafner55.

I have a question nevertheless, does this liposomal trehalose cross the blood brain barrier?

Liposomal formulations cross the blood brain barrier.

“Getting into the brain: liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier” (2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm...es/PMC5077137/ 

Thank you very much, much appreciated.

By the way, I have another question regarding the encapsulation of trehalose in the phospholipids+alcohol : can sonication remove the trehalose already encapsulated in the fat or not ?

Thanks in advance

If there are liposomes, trehalose will be encapsulated. Apparently liposomes degrade above 40 °C, so that is the process parameter I suggest watching.

https://qualityliposomalc.com/process/

Sorry, did you notice any anti-aging effects other than a fading of your age skin marks? Not saying it doesn't work, just curious.

No more increased mental and physical energy that fasting is said to cause in the elderly?

Sorry, did you notice any anti-aging effects other than a fading of your age skin marks? Not saying it doesn't work, just curious.

No more increased mental and physical energy that fasting is said to cause in the elderly?

In my experience, fasting (specifically the 5 day fasting mimicking diet) has more obvious effects than 5 days of liposomal trehalose. After a FMD, I feel a surge of energy but I do not experience that with trehalose. Also, the FMD reset my insulin sensitivity; my fasting glucose levels dropped from about 100 to about 84 were it remains. In contrast, trehalose treatment did not affect my insulin sensitivity.

This researcher believes trehalose is risky because it increases the virulence of certain harmful bacteria.  But maybe her concerns don't apply if it's only used occasionally.  

https://www.hormones...ehalose-autism/

Providing those microorganisms with trehalose ignites pathogenic virulence. Clostridium difficile (c diff), glabrata, listeria and e coli, are but a few of the infections known to feed off and prosper with trehalose. Tuberculosis is another. In fact, I suspect, given its role in survival, all of the major pathogens are likely to thrive on added trehalose and do so when thiamine is absent. It may very well be the root of many of the recent outbreaks of intractable GI infections.