I found an article about using phosphatidyl serine against ADHD. This is one of the 2 compounds I use:
Effect of phosphatidylserine administration on symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children
S. HIRAYAMA1*,Y. MASUDA2,R. RABELER3
PURPOSE
To clarify whether the administration of phosphatidylserine
("PS") can improve the attention-deficit ("AD") and
hyperactivity disorder ("HD") symptoms in children. with
AD/HD.
STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS
A pilot study in 15 AD/HD children 6 to 12 years old (including
6 suspected to have AD/HD) who had rarely received
medication before. These 15 children took 200 mg/day of PS
in a capsule every day for 2 months. The following items were
investigated at the start of study ("pre-study") and upon
completion of study ("post-study): 1) AD/HD symptoms
(inattention/hyperactivity and impulsiveness) based on DSMIV
diagnostic criteria, 2) learning disorders (hearing, speaking,
reading, writing, calculation, inference) based on learning
disorders ("LD") check list, 3) visual perception (figure
background perception task to find a prescribed form in the
sheet), 4) visual and auditory short-term memory and 5)
continuous performance test ("CPT").
RESULTS
After the intervention, (1) AD/HD symptoms were significantly
improved (p<0.01). Significant improvement was observed
both in the inattention and hyperactivity and impulsiveness
(p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively) (3) visual perception was
also significantly improved (p<0.001). A tendency towards an
improvement was observed in (2) LD and (5) CPT (9 only
error) (p<0.10). However, no significant difference was
observed with regard to visual and auditory short-term
memory (4).
CONCLUSION
PS was shown to improve AD/HD symptoms as demonstrated
by the results of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, visual perception
test, learning disorder checklist, and CPT. Further studies
using larger sample sizes are required to confirm the
significant beneficial results of PS on AD/HD of this pilot trial.
Full text is available for free here:
http://www.lipamin-p.../agro_16_20.pdf Some excerpts:
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a naturally occurring phospholipid
present in all biological membranes of animals, higher plants
and micro organisms. In humans, PS is most concentrated in
the brain where it comprises up to 15 percent of the total
phospholipid pool. PS plays an important role in the
functioning of neuronal membranes, e.g., maintenance of the
neuron's internal environment, secretory vesicle release,
signal transduction, cell-to-cell communication, and cell
growth regulation (7-10).
Thus, it is not surprising that this phospholipid is considered
to be an important brain nutrient (11). Numerous studies in
animals and humans have documented effects of PS on
specific neurotransmitter systems, including brain
acetylcholine (12), norepinephrine, serotonin (13), and
dopamine (14). These data indicate that PS has an effect on
neurotransmitter systems that may play a role in cognitive
functions. Clinical studies indeed have provided significant
evidence that the central effects of an oral PS treatment have
beneficial effects on cognitive functions (for a review see (15)
and (16)). The only evidence available indicating that PS
could serve as a supplementary and substitution treatment
for AD/HD comes from a preliminary study carried out by the
renowned American paediatrician Carol Ann Ryser (17). In a
physician in-office study of 21 consecutive ADHD cases aged
4-19, dietary supplementation with PS benefited greater than
90 percent of these cases. At intakes of 200-300 mg/day of
PS for up to four months, attention and learning were most
consistently improved. However, this research has not been
prepared into a formal thesis.
...
...it should be mentioned that phosphatidylserine (PS) is
present in the brain at a much higher concentration than in
other organs. It is an important component of cell membrane in
the synapse of nerve cells and is deeply involved in the
loculation that leads to the production and release of
neurotransmitters and the activities mediated by the receptors
in specific synaptic cleft. PS was shown to activate the brain,
when taken as a supplement (25). PS facilitates synaptic
connectivity parts, and especially improves dopamine
transmission. In other words, it is beneficial for the production
and release of dopamine as well as the excitation of receptors
in the posterior synapse (26). A similar view was presented by
Blokland et al. (27) and Crook et al. PS is reported to
play an important role in the maintenance of intracellular
environment, neurotransmission, release from loculi, and
communication between the cells. It is also an important
component of cell membrane in the adjustment of cell growth.
In general, PS is suggested to stimulate the dopaminergic
system in the hypothalamus (29, 29), and to stimulate
dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase (30). It is also reported
that PS increases acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin and
dopamine in animal models and patients with Alzheimer
disease (12-14, 31-35). These reports indicate that PS is
involved in the regeneration of cell membrane and adjustment
of neurotransmitters (mainly dopamine) in synaptic cleft.
Thus, it is useful in the reconstruction of nerve network whose
function has been disturbed. It is well known that central
stimulants such as methylphenidate hydrochloride are effective
in AD/HD. The major action mechanism of central stimulants
may be described as the activation of noradrenalin system in
the brain (36) that adjusts higher cerebral function including
attentiveness by freeing (releasing) noradrenalin from the
sympathetic nerve terminal and chrome-affinitive cells.
There is a research that reports on the relation of not only
noradrenalin but also dopamine to central stimulants. By
interfering with the reuptake of these neurotransmitters from
the synaptic cleft, stimulants effectively increase the respective
signal intensity and duration (39-41). Huijbregts et al. (42)
pointed out that intensive research based on the hypothesis of
dopamine insufficiency in AD/HD is in progress at present. The
improvement of AD/HD symptoms in the present trial might
suggest that a PS administration is therapeutically effective in
increasing the dopamine or noradrenalin concentration in the
synaptic cleft even though the mechanism of inhibiting the reuptake
seemed different from that of central stimulants.
