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Healing antipsychotic induced EPS - potential targets?

parkinsons akathisia dystonia extrapyramidal symptoms tardive dyskinesia

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#1 BLimitless

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Posted 28 August 2014 - 01:33 PM


Just wondering where would we begin if we were looking to reverse the damage caused by antipsychotics in relation to the various movement disorders that result from them? I am referring to the various muscular dystonias generated by prolonged use of various atypical antipsychotics and I am looking for substances of interest which would contribute to the reconstruction of the brain in the affected regions and otherwise.
 

 

The most compelling line of evidence suggests that tardive dyskinesia may result primarily from neuroleptic-induced dopamine supersensitivity in the nigrostriatal pathway, with the D2 dopamine receptor being most affected. Neuroleptics act primarily on this dopamine system, and older neuroleptics, which have greater affinity for the D2 binding site, are associated with high risk for tardive dyskinesia.[13] The D2 hypersensitivity hypothesis is also supported by evidence of a dose-response relationship, withdrawal effects, studies on D2 agonists and antagonists, animal studies, and genetic polymorphism research

http://en.wikipedia....dive_dyskinesia

 

A few targets have been identified already - melatonin, antioxidants and vitamins, here's a good link referring to treatment via melatonin and it turns out that higher doses of it work quite well in reaching the necessary parts of the brain.

 

 

It would be pertinent to identify how antipsychotics cause damage and to what parts of the brain and in which ways they do so, in order to develop a dependable framework for identifying treatment targets. I guess if we can understand the mechanism fully then there are probably a fair number of plants and other things already floating around which restore function & structure to the intended places. If you are experienced or well-versed in the relevant science behind this matter, your input would be supremely appreciated.



#2 Area-1255

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Posted 28 August 2014 - 09:09 PM

Well antipsychotics, as I've stated many times before, act differently depending on the type. Not all antipsychotics block Serotonin receptors, but most of the newer ones do.

However, the overall goal is facilitating cyclic AMP release in striatal, and mesolimbic/mesocortical pathways. The favor of cAMP VS cGMP (in which D2's would increase) would be causing excessive calcium channel activity in the brain regions mentioned, but probably low Ca2+ in other regions (such as prefrontal cortext) by blocking Histamine H(1)s.

 

I'm going off of distribution here...

 

Thus it can be said that antipsychotics are Ca2+ activators. Also shutting down or blocking the H(1) Histamine receptor lowers GABA and Serotonin by multiple pathways. 

1.) By reducing the said Ca2+ facilitation (but again, activating it regions where D(2)'s are more prominent). 

2.) By causing blockade of H(1)'s...now H(2) and H(3)'s are agonized, which both leads to inhibition of both serotonin and GABA release.

 

All of this ultimately results in impaired protection against seizures, contractions and dyskinesia, mainly due to reduced GABA transmission and altered extracellular signaling in peripheral pathways (again due to H(1) blockade).

 

My theory is, not only Benzo's and / or GABA agonists may help the EPS with antipsychotic use, but Histamine H(3) blockers would help as well.

Additionally, calcium, magnesium, Iron and other minerals commonly utilized for Restless Legs Syndrome (which AP's also cause) may help inhibit EPS caused by APD's.

 

 

 

 


Edited by Area-1255, 28 August 2014 - 09:13 PM.


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Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: parkinsons, akathisia, dystonia, extrapyramidal, symptoms, tardive, dyskinesia

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