As to the how and when an ascorbic acid serum should be applied, Dr. Shultz, American derm of DermTV says:
[b][i]People have asked me time and time again which they should apply first: sunscreen or antioxidants? Little do they know that it's a trick question. Antioxidants work by first being absorbed into the skin and then by consuming the destructive energy created within your skin by the sun (instead of letting that energy destroy your cell's DNA, collagen, membranes, etcetera). However, when topical antioxidants are applied during the day, they are destroyed by the sun's ultraviolet rays before they can be absorbed by your skin. Instead, when they are applied at bedtime, they have all night to be absorbed into the skin in order to be in a position to protect it. So apply sunscreen during the day and your antioxidants at bedtime."
Also Eva, as to a vehicle for the enhance penetration of Vitamin C, what kind of vehicle would you suggest ?
I only use the oil based Vitamin C serums after dermarolling - the rest of the time I have been using the water soluble solution.
Thank you so much, VL
As I have suggested using Ascorbic Acid for its better bio availability for skin cells. So if you use Ascorbic Acid you should use a penetration enhancer for water soluble ingredients because Ascorbic Acid is water soluble.
This will be your own homework to find out what could be used this purpose.
Should you use a palmitic ester variant of vitamin C (which is lipofilic) then you should choose another type of penetration enhancer. Preferably an encapsulated form of Vitamin C which will ensure better delivery of the active to the cells. I do not believe that you can find anything like this if you don't work in the cosmetic industry.
(Hence it is better to use Ascorbic Acid which is very easy to obtain from a pharmacy).
One more thing: should you use lipofilic vitamin C you need to prepare the base (the serum/ creme) in a way that it contains a lipofilic phase. than you'll need an emulsifier and a stabiliser for the emulsion. (This is much more difficult than preparing a simple hydro/water based serum and dissolve Ascorbic Acid powder in it. A serum like this does even need an emulsifier and it will be stable without a stabilizer, not to mention the vitamin C you'll get from it is in higher concentration and ready for your cells
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