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Stem Cell Research News


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#31 Cyto

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Posted 01 April 2003 - 12:15 AM

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-=WHICH ONE IS BETTER?=-

Dun Dun DUN!!!

Oregon Health & Science University has found how murine (mouse) adult stem cells repair liver damage, and its not how the ASC advocates would like it to be. Cell fusion, the act in which two (or more) cells can combine and do a sort of polyploidy (not supposed to help animals). Since it only was found to repair the liver through the cellular fusion this is direct evidence that ASCs are not like ESCs. The researchers on this study say: "it is likely that cell fusion is responsible for many of these other cases of stem cell flexibility...However, it's possible that abnormal fused cells would not function in other regions of the body."

To make this focused: There is research showing both ASC are plasticit and not plasticit. Yet it still remains as a fact that both research on ASCs and ESCs yield the same benifit - understanding these regenerative somas.

The researchers of this study are now "investigating whether there is a way to induce cell fusion, or speed up the fusion process, which is naturally quite slow and inefficient."

SOURCE HERE
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Edited by CarboniX, 15 October 2003 - 12:06 AM.


#32 Cyto

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Posted 01 April 2003 - 05:55 PM

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-=WHICH ONE IS BETTER?=-

Well to tie the two above posts together I must say this: both research teams who reviewed each others results are interested in what was different. So Simon Tran, who worked with Mezey on the leukaemia study (bone marrow transplant above), now demands that "we should all team up for a multi-centre study." So, if this occurs I bet we will find out that the stem cells were not characterized well enough, again.

Source Here

Here is a better article from WIRED
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 03 April 2003 - 12:29 AM.


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#33 Cyto

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Posted 02 April 2003 - 11:50 PM

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-=Random=-

Texas House Bill 1175, by Rep. Phil King, R-Weatherford, would ban engaging or attempting to engage in human cloning and would restrict stem cell research.

A human embryo is defined in the bill as a living organism with a full or nearly full human genetic composition in the earliest stages of development, including the one-cell stage.

Violators of the proposed ban would be subject to civil penalties up to
$10 million and felony charges carrying a maximum penalty of life in prison.


Well everyone should be a little aware of this insane bill. This ins't the one that the House of Rep passed, but this person may be able to pass this one if they get enough religous extremeists in there. Check the 2nd page and look for ANTI-STEM CELLS title to find the passed bill.

Source
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A British-led team of doctors has taken a revolutionary approach to this delivery problem and, they say, given convincing evidence of GDNF’s promise.
“It turns out that apart from some fiddling with the concentration of the GDNF, the patients tolerated it very well and started to show effects of getting better within two to three months. The improvement came very fast.” After a year, the five recruits showed on average a 39-percent improvement in motor skills, and a 61-percent improvement in their quality of life. Scans showed that the targeted cells had a 28 percent increase in dopamine storage. In addition, jerky movements caused as a side-effect of taking L-dopa fell massively, by nearly two thirds.


Direct injection of growth factors...mmm...I think we have something here. Dump the stem cells in and pump on the GFs. Sounds like it could work.

Source
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“I am not saying it is wrong to have these religious views that object, but I think these people should be listening to patients who have got these disorders,” Dr Dexter said.


Source
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Russia's first stem cell bank has opened, offering parents the opportunity to preserve their children's genetic material for possible future use in fighting diseases,said the bank's chief executive .

Source
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Roger Williams Medical Center has opened a treatment and research center that doctors hope will bring the curative power of stem cells to more patients. People with wounds that fail to heal properly will be the first beneficiaries. Doctors hope to begin treatment of people with muscular dystrophy within a year and of people with lung disorders within two years. Stem-cell repair of diseased hearts, brains and other organs is also on the horizon.


Source
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 03 April 2003 - 01:46 AM.


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#34 Cyto

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Posted 11 April 2003 - 11:37 PM

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-=REFRESHER ON STEM CELLS=-
I was hesitant at first for posting this a couple days ago but now that I have time to look it over I have found this to be a good outline of what stem cells can be all about.

So, in using this outline I will provide a good idea of - Whats so good about stem cells?
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Promise:::
Stem cell research is one of the promising areas of biotechnology, which offers the prospect of developing new methods to repair or replace tissues or cells damaged by injuries or diseases. Stem cell research is expected to be equally important for basic science to understand cell differentiation and growth.

Problem:::
One of the possible sources for stem cells is human pre-implantation embryos. However, when this research involves the use of human embryos it raises the question of ethical values at stake and of the limits and conditions for such research.

What will occur due to this paper:::
Taking into account the seminar's outcome, the Commission will submit a proposal establishing further guidelines on principles for deciding on the Community funding of research projects involving the use of human embryos and human embryonic stem cells. I do think they are going to make this decision on the 24th of April.

Characteristics of human stem cells:::
Stem cells have three characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells:

*they are non-differentiated (unspecialized) cells,

*they can divide and multiply in their undifferentiated state for a long period.

*under certain physiological or experimental conditions, they can also give rise to more specialized differentiated cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells or insulin producing cells etc.

Good Definitions -
Human embryonic stem cells, which can be derived from a preimplantation embryo at the blastocyst stage.

Human embryonic germ cells,which can be isolated from the primordial germ cells of the fetus.

Human somatic stem cells, which can be isolated from adult or fetal tissues or organs or from umbilical cord blood.

For the development of novel stem cell based therapies. Three therapeutic concepts are currently being envisaged:::
Transplantation of differentiated cells derived from stem cells: Stem cells may be grown and directed to differentiate into specific cell types in the laboratory and then be transplanted (e.g. insulin producing cells to treat diabetes, heart muscle cells to treat heart failure or dopamine producing neurones to treat Parkinson's disease etc...) The source for the specific differentiated cell types could be embryonic or somatic stem cells, including the patient's own stem cells.

Direct administration of stem cells: In some cases it may be possible and/or necessary to administer stem cells directly to the patient in such a way that they would colonize the correct site of the body and continuously differentiate into the desired cell type (e.g. systemic "Homing").

Stimulation of endogenous stem cells: The possibility that self-repair could be induced or augmented by stimulating an individual's own population of stem cells for example by administrating growth factors is also being explored.

Here are some more, not really the mainstream but equally as important:::
Gene Regulation: Understanding of the mechanisms regulating stem cell growth, fate, differentiation and dedifferentiation.

Quallity Control: Eliminating the risk of development of inappropriate differentiated cells and cancerous cells. The risk of tumorigenicity has in particular been highlighted concerning the use of human ES cells as these stem cells develop teratomas.

Quallity Control: Ensuring the function and viability of the stem cells or their derivatives during the recipient's life.

Overcoming the problem of immune rejection (which does not arise in the case where the patient's own stem cells can be used).

Several arguments have been put forward regarding the needs for derivation of new human embryonic stem cell lines.

To Trash or To Improve, that is the Question

--Whole Paper Here--
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Edited by CarboniX, 06 October 2003 - 12:06 AM.


#35 Cyto

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Posted 12 April 2003 - 09:25 PM

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-=STEM CELLS HELP: THE BRAIN=-
And to continue...

Stem Cell Research News reports that Saint Louis University has been further strengthening the possilibilities of utilizing stem cells as regenerative medicine. They took human blood cord stem cells and injected them into rats right after they had a stroke. "This treatment improved sensorimotor function." Dr. Yi Pan, M.D. Alma Bicknese and PhD Michael Panneton were involved in this study.


Also SCRN reported another research study on neuronal restoration with lysosomal storage diseases (ouch!) such as: Tay-Sachs, Hunter, Krabbe etc etc.

This is a good test model to study since it represents quick aging due to the toxic enzymes degrading eyes, brain etc. Much can be learned about how stem cells can aid in this "clean up" of degraded systems.

The mice model was Batten disease. "Batten disease refers to several closely related genetic disorders caused by deficiency of an enzyme required for normal metabolism," said Dr. Stan Tamaki. When the mice were injected with human Central Nervous System Stem Cells they did recover the enzyme that helps maintain the order.

Stem Cells Research News.
Volume 5.
No. 7.
Pages 1,2,3.
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Edited by CarboniX, 06 October 2003 - 12:06 AM.


#36 Cyto

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Posted 15 April 2003 - 04:57 PM

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-=ANTI-STEM CELLS=-

Posted Image

MEPs vote against stem cell research

MEPs vote to ban stem cell research

But, away from a potential let down (by ~60 votes for the "religious right") lets talk about...
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-=STEM CELLS HELP: THE EYES=-

Normally I wounldn't post this much of the article but you have to "register" to see it and that just stunk.

"A little-known operation restores hope for people who lose sight from chemical or heat burns of the eye or certain rare diseases. The procedure, 50 to 100 percent effective in healing corneal damage, is used worldwide, including Iran, where it helps restore sight for victims of Iraqi mustard gas attacks.

A variation on corneal transplants, the surgery grafts stem cells from a donor or a patient's good eye to the injured eye. The cells are from the limbus, a rim around the cornea. The cells resheath the cornea's surface, the 50-micron-thick epithelium, to maintain it as a transparent window. When burns or disease wipe out the limbal stem cells, the epithelium clouds over with scar tissue, causing blindness.

Grafting even a small piece of limbus can lead the stem cells to regrow clear epithelium — and keep it clear — thus restoring sight. The cells even recover transplanted corneas. Stem cell transplants and corneal transplants are frequently performed one after the other if corneal damage extends below the epithelium.

The discovery of the cells 17 years ago and clinical proof that they keep working in any eye with an intact tear system has opened a new era in eye surgery.

It's an outstanding breakthrough and has, at least in the short run, cured a number of patients," said Dr. Richard S. Fisher, director of the corneal disease program at the National Eye Institute in Bethesda, Md."

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Edited by CarboniX, 06 October 2003 - 12:09 AM.


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#37 Cyto

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Posted 16 April 2003 - 11:47 PM

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-=ANTI-STEM CELLS=-

FRANCE EU assembly backs ban on creating embryos for stem cell research
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-=Random=-
Bioethicists Say Honesty Needed in Cloning Debate
Eric Cohen, resident scholar at the Washington DC-based Ethics and Public Policy Institute AND a consultant on the President's Council on Bioethics.

Can we say "I know what slanted language and contortion is going to sprout from this mouth."

Its not as bad an article as I thought. But I do think this smells of some plan...or maybe he is a consultant due to not being a religious zelot like the Bush backers. *shrug*
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 23 April 2003 - 04:32 PM.


#38 Cyto

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Posted 18 April 2003 - 03:33 PM

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-=STEM CELLS HELP: THE BRAIN=-
In Science Now on April 16 2003 it was reported that adult stem cells, once injected into the bloodsteam, would help to recover the Multiple Sclerosis mouse models. The adult stem cells specialized into oligodendrocytes and 45 days after the injection the mice could walk again. The oligodendrocytes repair myelin sheaths (whats degraded in MS).
"The notion that you can target not just focal lesions but disseminated lesions using this type of delivery system is very powerful. That's what I think the real take-home message would be." --Ian Duncan, neuroscientist at the University of Wisconsin.

The actual paper is in the April 17 issue of Nature.

Here are some free articles: MS in Mice
MS in Mice II
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-=STEM CELLS HELP: THE HEART=-
Stimulating the stem cells in the heart
"Working with an animal model, Nadal-Ginard and his team successfully repaired hearts damaged by heart attacks. They did so by stimulating the stem cells - the body's "master" cells that can turn into specialized cells - to multiply and differentiate to repair the damaged heart muscle.

The team has accomplished the repair without removing the stem cells, stimulating them in place by injecting a protein that helps communication between cells.

"We believe this might work in humans," Nadal-Ginard says. "But we must study it more in animals to see if there are any long-term [adverse] effects."
Article: Stem Cells get kicked into gear
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 23 April 2003 - 04:33 PM.


#39 Cyto

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Posted 23 April 2003 - 04:31 PM

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-=COMPATABILITY ISSUE=-
In some cases of stem cell transplants from female donors to male recipients the transplanted cells from the females stem cells will actually start attacking the males body. Why? Seems to be due to one gene.

Emmanuel Zorn, PhD, says it is the first time that the gene, located on the Y chromosome and known as DBY, has been identified following a female-to-male stem cell transplant for leukemia.

Read it here
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-=Florida will Join the Research Effort=-

"The Senate unanimously approved creation of a biomedical research institute Wednesday, hoping to make Florida a key player in the search for cures for Alzheimer's disease, cancer and other illnesses."

"The center's medical activities will include stem-cell research, using cells from bone marrow, placental tissue and umbilical cord blood."

Read it Here
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 23 April 2003 - 04:36 PM.


#40 Cyto

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Posted 23 April 2003 - 11:23 PM

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-=NEW SOURCE FOR STEM CELLS=-

Yea, this came out a day ago but I was ill then so bla.

Here is the main points extracted from original article...
Scientists report for the first time that "baby" teeth, the temporary teeth that children begin losing around their sixth birthday, contain a rich supply of stem cells in their dental pulp.
They are long lived, grow rapidly in culture, and, with careful prompting in the laboratory, have the potential to induce the formation of specialized dentin, bone, and neuronal cells.
The group launched an initial round of studies to determine whether the cells would grow well in culture. Using dental pulp extracted from the children's exfoliated incisors, they discovered that about 12 to 20 stem cells from each tooth reproducibly had the ability to colonize and grow in culture.
"These data are just the start," said Shi. "We're trying to characterize more fully which cell types can be generated from these stem cells. Can they be switched into nerve cells only? We need to find this out. We're also interested in determining the difference between adult dental pulp stem cells and those in deciduous teeth."


Read it Here
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#41 Cyto

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Posted 28 April 2003 - 12:09 AM

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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS: NER UPREGULATION=-
My first sign of upregulation being done experimentally for the purpose of increasing life showed up in SAGE KE's "Is DNA Cut Out for a Long Life?"

To test the DNA damage hypothesis David Sinclair et al upregulated the APN1 Gene in Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The AP family consists of endonucleases, which lyse out DNA bases.segments for Nucleotide Excision Repair. When the results were reviewed it was found that upregulating the APN1 gene didn't increase life-span.

There are some explanations to be presented. First, I bet we need to find a key part of the GG-NER/TC-NER system to upregulate and that will increase the sensitivity - this can be done in a reasonable time (couple of years). Second, Yeast do differ from Human models...yea duh. So we may need to investigate primate cell cultures.

Overall it will be valuable to Stem Cells when we can increase repair and - How far may we be able to go with it?
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 30 April 2003 - 10:18 PM.


#42 Cyto

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Posted 28 April 2003 - 04:20 AM

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-=PRO-STEM CELLS (Political Backlash for Bush)=-
A leading Republican senator has asked the White House to allow more human stem cell lines to be generated, reopening an issue that President Bush seemed to have settled in 2001.

Citing potentially safer cell supplies, the senator, Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania, asked Mr. Bush in a letter sent Monday to "expand" his decision of Aug. 9, 2001, which allowed federally supported researchers to work on human embryonic stem cells created before that date.

http://www.nytimes.c...nal/23CELL.html

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-=PRO-STEM CELLS (Political Backlash for Bush)=-
A series of important advances have boosted the potential of human embryonic stem cells to treat heart disease, spinal cord injuries and other ailments, but researchers say they are unable to take advantage of the new techniques under a two-year-old administration policy that requires federally supported scientists to use older colonies of stem cells.

Now pressure is building from scientists, patient advocates and members of Congress to loosen the embryo-protecting restrictions imposed by President Bush, with some on Capitol Hill saying they want to take up the issue next month.

http://www.washingto...-2003Apr21.html

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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS: BLOOD=-
Scientists have identified a gene that plays a key role in the growth of stem cells that form all the cells of the blood and immune system, and it could have implications for certain cancers, such as leukemia.

The gene, dubbed Bmi-1, is needed for blood stem cells -- both cancerous and normal ones -- to regenerate, according to two studies published in the advance online edition of the journal Nature.

The finding could offer insight into ways to shut down cancers of the immune system, such as leukemia, an expert said.

http://story.news.ya...gene_blood_dc_1
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 30 April 2003 - 09:56 PM.


#43 kevin

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Posted 28 April 2003 - 06:00 PM

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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS: BONE TO LEUKOCYTES=-
An exciting discovery has been found by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. A protein has been isolated which triggers hematopoetic stem cell proliferation. Using it to encourage bone marrow stem cells to proliferate will greatly enhance immune system reconstruction after irradiation. It is also likely that the similar mechanisms exist in other stem cells that would encourage them to proliferate thus increasing dramatically the possibility of tissue regeneration.

Link to Press Release

http://www.eurekaler...i-pos042803.php
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 07 May 2003 - 11:47 PM.


#44 Cyto

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Posted 29 April 2003 - 05:26 AM

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-=AGGRESSIVE QUALITY CONTROL FOR STEM CELLS=-
News from Geron, remember them?

They cultured 3 feeder-free hESC lines for over a year (more then 70 culturings). Also having them express 8 cell surface markers for the whole time helped keep track of abnormalities. When Microarrays were done: 23 of 2,798 tested genes had upregulated more then 3-fold in expression after being cultured 12-27 weeks. Any with odd karyotypes could easily be identified, discarded and replenished from frozen hESC banks. Overall the great thing on top of the quallity control - the hESCs maintained pluripotency 1 1/2 years into continuous culture.

Geron also is taking quality control to the hight of human quallity. Four lines of hESCs, from University of Wisconsin-Madison, were tested for:
sterility
HIV 1 & 2
human T cell leukemia viruses 1 & 2
human cytomegalovirus
hepatitis B & C

The H1 line was tested even more to make sure there was no viruses of:
human
porcine
murine
bovine

They all checked out clear.

Source: Stem Cell Research News Vol. 5 No. 8
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-=GROWTH FACTORS FOR MANUFACTURING=-
For some more great news: Geron displayed that using defined and highly purified reagents can be used to culture hESCs - which enables manufacturing specifications for hESC based products.

Source: Stem Cell Research News Vol. 5 No. 8
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 30 April 2003 - 09:53 PM.


#45 Cyto

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Posted 30 April 2003 - 10:36 PM

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-=GROWTH FACTOR: INHIBITING NEURON GROWTH=-
Adults loose the ability to quickly, if at all, grow new neural connections - and this may be why. There are 3 types of neural growth inhibitors called nogo-a. nogo-b and nogo-c (fleeting moment of name skill). If one is taken out then the other two will increase production. So, a question is if we take out this ability to grow will it increase the chance of cancer? Even better, what if we try nulling all 3 nogo's in the cancer resistant mice? (See cancer thread) http://www.imminst.o...t=48

There is a lot of work to be done making human issue stem cells even better, but it will be worth it.

Source: SAGE KE - Go or No-Go? Mixed results complicate hopes for nerve regeneration April 30th
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 30 April 2003 - 10:43 PM.


#46 Cyto

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Posted 02 May 2003 - 04:50 PM

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-=NEW METHOD FOR GROWING STEM CELLS?=-
Parthenogenesis for Stem Cells
A team led by fertility specialist David Wininger at biotech firm Stemron of Maryland has grown parthenogenetic human embryos to the blastocyst stage, at which stem cells can be obtained. Cells taken from one of the embryos survived for a few days (Stem Cells, vol 21, p 152).

The next step is to get the cells to grow in culture indefinitely: that is, to obtain a stem cell line. In monkeys, such a cell line has been growing for over two years, and it makes the human experiments all the more relevant.

According to Vrana, extensive analysis of the monkey cells suggests that they are indistinguishable from normal embryonic stem cells. "They are identical to ESCs by every known criterion we have tested," he says, adding that details will soon be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

A lot of work still has to be done to ensure any tissues made from parthenogenetic stem cells are absolutely normal, says Jerry Hall of the Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics in Los Angeles.

Do I think this is going to take over the persuit of utilizing a "two-gamete-made" blastocyst, no.

Source Here

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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-
Wnt works it's way into the Spotlight

Reporting in the April 27, 2003 online issue of the journal Nature, Reya has shown that the Wnt pathway is necessary for normal stem cell survival and proliferation and that activating the Wnt pathway causes hematopoietic stem cells to regenerate in their immature state instead of as differentiated, mature cells.

Source Here

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-=STEM CELLS HELP: THE SPINE=-
To-Be-Presented Results on hCNS Repair

Dr. Aileen J. Anderson and Dr. Brian J. Cummings, of the Reeve-Irvine Center at the University of California are the key players in this research.
Injured mice transplanted with hCNS-SC showed improved motor function in quantitative tests designed to measure functional recovery from complete hind limb paralysis to normal walking, in comparison with controls. A direct link has also been made between the amount of functional recovery and the level of human cell engraftment. Additionally, the hCNS-SC does not contribute to scarring due to glial cell proliferation, which normally inhibits neuronal cell growth and recovery.

Source Here

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-=QUALITY CONTROL OF STEM CELLS=-
Stem Cells get a proposed Scale

Minoru Ko of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland et al presented a scale for stem cells based on 88 genes which are subset to the 3000 normaly going on. How active these 88 genes are can give SC catagorists a checklist to make sure that what they have does what it should.

Source Here

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As for industry and religion its as usual, a little leadway here and a little piss and vinegar there.

Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 02 May 2003 - 04:58 PM.


#47 Cyto

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Posted 07 May 2003 - 11:15 PM

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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-
A gene in yeast has been directly found to impact life extension while under the CR diet. "A yeast strain with five copies of PNC1 lives 70 percent longer than the wild type strain, the longest lifespan extension yet reported in that organism."

This helps reinforce that more production can further lifespan which also coincides with upregulation of genes. So if we are to increase gene numbers for NER proteins wouldn't that be "killing two birds with one stone?" Being that if you increase the production of the repair mechanisms then you protect the repair genes along with the rest of the genome. Quite nice, very nice.

Read Source Here

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-=Another Company Moves to Sing=-
Israeli's ES Cell International moves to Singapore

Source Here
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 08 May 2003 - 02:20 AM.


#48 Lazarus Long

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Posted 08 May 2003 - 12:03 AM

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-=Commentary=-

Israeli's ES Cell International moves to Singapore


As ours and many larger developed nations become more repressive in order to pander to the more reactionary members of their voting public, the need for more and more operations to move offshore will become paramount and we will notice it when we start seenig a real drop off in funding sources domestically. They can fund all the fruitless studies they want but if the real research is offshore then that is where all the major medtech operations will have to develop a presence.

This parallels what happened in the 70's when auto manufacturers tried to pretend they could dictate to the consumer what kind of car they should have even though the consumer was telling them they wanted the competitor's model. Well this will come down to who's buying in the end. If the consumer wants the results of advanced tech and then they make it illegal anyway then just like contraband drugs, all that will do is drive up the costs and send production off shore, but it will mean fantastic profits to the dealers in this comodity.
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 08 May 2003 - 02:22 AM.


#49 Lazarus Long

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Posted 09 May 2003 - 01:25 AM

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-=A CALL FOR MORE CELLS=-
http://story.news.ya.../stem_cells&e=1

Fewer Stem Cells Available for Research
Thu May 8, 2:47 PM ET Science - AP

By RANDOLPH E. SCHMID, Associated Press Writer

WASHINGTON - Only 11 human stem cell lines are available for research, far fewer than originally estimated, the director of the National Institutes of Health reports.

The finding led to a call for lifting the restriction that President Bush placed on stem cell research.

NIH Director Elias Zerhouni, writing in Friday's edition of the journal Science, says his agency is giving a high priority to research using stem cells because of the potential for treatment of diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson's.

But Zerhouni's review of the status of work supported by the NIH also shows that initial reports of more than 70 stem cell lines eligible for research were optimistic.

Donald Kennedy, editor in chief of the journal, contends in an accompanying editorial that development of new cell lines for research is necessary. "It is plainly not sound policy to retain the current restrictions on work" with human embryonic stem cells, he said.

Stem cells form very early in an embryo's development. They can develop into numerous types of cells to form organs and other parts of the body. Researchers hope to use these cells to repair damaged organs and cure diseases.

But the work is controversial because the cells are taken from days-old embryos, which then die. Opponents say this is unethical.

Sources of cells are excess embryos from fertility clinics. The American Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology reported Thursday that there are 396,526 frozen embryos in storage in the United States and that 88 percent are planned for use in helping families have children in the future.

Obtaining stem cells for research has led to studies into the potential of cloning embryos, a process also criticized by opponents.

The president has ordered that that stem cell research can continue but scientists receiving federal funds can use only cell lines that were available on Aug. 9, 2001. The Health and Human Services (news - web sites) Department reported at the time that more than 70 cell lines — continuously propagating cell colonies — were available.

But Zerhouni says in his paper that many of those cell lines were in the early stages of development and were not to the point where they could be distributed for use. To overcome this, he reports, the NIH provided grants to bring the cell lines to the point where they can be used.

"As a consequence of this support, the number of cell lines available for widespread distribution has grown from a single cell line in the spring of 2002 to 11 cell lines at present," Zerhouni wrote.

Kennedy contends that new lines are needed for research because all current ones were developed in the presence of mouse cells that provided needed growth factors, and thus may be contaminated with viruses or proteins from those cells.

Human embryonic stem cells can now be grown without the mouse cells, Kennedy says, thanks to new methods developed using private funds or in other countries not subject to the U.S. restrictions.

The low number of cell lines currently available has drawn complaints from scientists that the shortage was hampering research.

"The existing restrictions are keeping advances from being realized," Dr. George Daley of the Whitehead Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology told a Senate Appropriations subcommittee last fall.

Gaining access to those limited cell lines has been difficult, several researchers said. They cited costs, problems negotiating agreements with the cells' owners and restrictions imposed by governments of foreign countries, where many of the cells are located.

Zerhouni reports in his paper that the NIH has negotiated agreements with several sources of stem cells for their use in NIH programs. The deals specify that the cells be made available to other researchers under terms no more stringent that those the agency agreed to.
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On the Net:

Science: http://www.sciencemag.org
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Edited by CarboniX, 06 October 2003 - 01:17 AM.


#50 Cyto

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Posted 12 May 2003 - 10:08 PM

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-=COMMENTARY=-
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Sources of cells are excess embryos from fertility clinics. The American Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology reported Thursday that there are 396,526 frozen embryos in storage in the United States and that 88 percent are planned for use in helping families have children in the future.


The finding that only 11 cell lines are currently available instead of more than 70 led to a call for lifting the restrictions and development of new cell lines.


First quote from the article supplied by Laz is very interesting. This should make the process of carving out Bush's Anti-Stem Cell agenda a lot harder for pro-lifers to hold up. I mean: a lot of those face the trash can!

The second quote give 11 cell lines when Stem Cell Research News posted that there was 9 available, don't view this as conflicting - 9,10 or 11 is still very few from the original lines we were supposed to have.
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[!] Today StemCells.com has a new issue out and the free access is still live - Check it out! [!
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 12 May 2003 - 10:11 PM.


#51 Cyto

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Posted 22 May 2003 - 07:19 AM

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-=Adult Stem Cells: Do we have a winner?=-

So an experiment published by Tissue Engineering in 2002 had little notice...until now.

That changed in 2002, when New Scientist revealed that Catherine Verfaillie of the University of Minnesota had discovered "multipotent adult progenitor cells", or MAPCs, apparently capable of giving rise to all tissues in the body, just like embryonic stem cells (26 January 2002, p 4). The work was later published in Nature.


So we can have something that may rival hESC and we can get it from ourselves a lot easier then having to deal with politics of hESCs. Course this does have problems...

The legal repercussions of Genzyme's claims could also be profound. Osiris already has several patents on MSCs and some of their medical applications, while Verfaillie has a pending patent application on MAPCs. What if they are the same cell?  "Only one [group] can get a valid patent to the thing itself," says British patent attorney Andrew Sheard. "If it really is the same thing it doesn't sound hopeful for the second group."


But hey, it's not as bad as the ESC problem. Now for:

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-=QUALITY CONTROL FOR STEM CELLS=-

Genzyme started looking at the potential of stem cells from different labs. 
"People weren't using the same set of tools to evaluate their cells," says Tubo.
His team therefore set out to devise a systematic way of comparing different types of adult stem cells.


Greater potential of adult stem cells revealed

Conclusion: Patents are stupid.
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 22 May 2003 - 07:28 AM.


#52 Lazarus Long

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Posted 22 May 2003 - 01:05 PM

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-=Commentary=-

My apologies upfront Helix for stretching the limits of CIRA but this is why I feel there exists a logic to linking stem cell harvesting with cosmetic surgery and cryogenic storage. By harvesting tissue, extracting and cultivating stem cells from elective procedures that are for other purposes while the patient is still healthy we increase the viability of the product and develop a means of storing the product at peak levels of quantity & utility.

This requires an across the board review and revamping of the Health Insurance and HMO concepts but it is workable. No one is currently in this market in this manner. Would you contribute a small amount extra to create a REAL health insurance system that provides proactive elective procedures and the benefits of personalized DNA matched stem cells as a hedge against degenerative cancers at a later date?

Nothing I am suggesting requires additional scientific breakthroughs right now, only refinements of what we already know how to do and the reorganization of a bureaucratic and economic dinosaur. But storing our own tissues does create the possibility that future medtech advances (such as growing organs and repairing nerve tissue) can be applied that much quicker to ourselves as needed. We would be banking (for both security and cumulative interest) our Stem Cells for the future while undergoing elective procedures that are made to reduce risk today and improve self image.

The reduction in risk for example, is from the removal of excess total body fat content and doing more routine full medical exams as a standard of preventive care as well as creating a system of biometric feedback for the patient with regard to lifestyle choices that reflect a comprehensive review from the level of genetic risk screening to a personalized diet Do it right and we can link Bali Fitness into an HMO (joke).

There are a variety of tissues that are involved, and ALL should be examined for their potential. I have suggested this before as another way to legitimize the Cryogenic meme and produce self supporting revenue for those facilities to function in an ongoing manner. Cryo storage of StemCell tissues is vastly less expensive than bodies, or even just heads.

Consider this one a "no brainer" :))

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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 23 May 2003 - 07:02 AM.


#53 Cyto

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Posted 27 May 2003 - 10:32 PM

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-=ANTI-STEM CELLS CORRECTED=-

This is Laz's post.

I decided to create this here along side the science of Stem Cells as a close aside. I think it is a valid study in modern memetics and also shouldn't be tucked away in the general discussion and allowed to flounder in disregard for its inherent absurdity.

In that light let me begin with an ironic image.

Imagine an actor that could sleep with Jane Fonda still and never forget it though paralyzed and another president who could have slept with Marylin Monroe and have already forgotten it sleeping together in the same hospital room awaitng treatment. Ahh politics doth make strange bedfellows of us all.

Here is another in the strange antiheroes lining up for battle as the sides form.

Monday, 30 September, 2002, 13:39 GMT 14:39 UK
Reagan lobbies for stem cell research

Posted Image
Mrs Reagan says research could help cure Alzheimer's

Former First Lady Nancy Reagan has been privately lobbying in favour of federal financing for embryonic stem cell research, according to US news reports.
Mrs Reagan is said to believe that the research could lead to a cure for Alzheimer's disease, which has afflicted her husband, former US President Ronald Reagan.

But the New York Times newspaper quoted a friend of Mrs Reagan as saying that she felt President George W Bush's controversial decision to restrict funding for the research was hampering efforts to cure Alzheimer's and other conditions.

The paper said she had been privately discussing the issue with members of the US Congress.

It said she had also written to the president and met several prominent members of the White House, including Chief of Staff Andrew Card.

She has also raised the issue across party lines, speaking with prominent Democrat supporters such as actor Warren Beatty.

"A lot of time is being wasted," she told a friend, whom she permitted to pass her words on to the newspaper.

"A lot of people who could be helped are not being helped."

'Triple threat'

Mrs Reagan's comments could prove an embarrassment to the Bush administration, given the prominent position and popularity she enjoys in Republican circles.

She said recently in a US television interview that her husband's health and memory had deteriorated to the extent that he no longer recognises her.

"It's lonely, because... there's nothing that anybody can do for you," she told the CBS channel.

Republican Senator Arlen Specter told the paper that Mrs Reagan had been "very helpful" in raising awareness of the issue of stem cell research.

"She's a former first lady, she holds a special position because of her own persuasive personality, and her husband, President Reagan, has Alzheimer's... she's a triple threat."

White House spokesman Adam Levine told the newspaper that while they respected Mrs Reagan's views "the president is confident that the decision he made last year strikes the right balance between moral and ethical responsibility and furthering scientific research."

Political debate

Mrs Reagan is the latest high-profile figure to criticise the Bush administration for its decision to limit funding for stem cell research.

The decision was due in part to pressure from conservative and religious groups which hold considerable sway within the Republican party.

Former Superman actor Christopher Reeve, left severely disabled following a riding accident, last month explicitly blamed the Bush administration for blocking research which he believes could cure his condition.

Supporters believe the research could be valuable in curing or alleviating chronic and degenerative conditions such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries.

But opponents argue that the procedures involved constitute murder and believe that work with adult stem cells, from bone marrow or other tissues, may be equally promising.

The Senate is still considering legislation which could ban such research completely.
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 27 May 2003 - 10:34 PM.


#54 Cyto

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Posted 27 May 2003 - 10:33 PM

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-=Commentary=-
This is Laz's post.

All I can personally add to the reading of this article is that Christopher Reeves is now a true Superman in my mind as Hollywood never could have created and Reagan's greatest Swan's Song as a Politico Actor (his never justly earned Oscar having been for his Presidency) are being played out before our eyes on the world's stage.

You know it is a remarkable feat and a truly Shakesperian Epic to behold if for little else than its humanity.
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Edited by Lazarus Long, 08 June 2003 - 09:09 AM.


#55 Cyto

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Posted 05 June 2003 - 08:28 PM

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-=GROWTH FACTOR IN PROGRESS/GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-
What makes this different from anyother Growth Factor promise? The fact that this forces ESCs to become neurons. They don't know all about it but lets look over how it acts...

Out of many molecules that induced neuronal differentiation, the researchers focused on TWS119, which has the ability to bind a cellular kinase enzyme called glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, a multifunctioning "signaling" enzyme that modulates other enzymes by attaching a phosphate group to them.


TWS119 acts as a heterodimer that binds to this protein kinase thus forming a functional dimer for this process. I can't state that I know which one may have a DNA sequence-specific binding domain but I would put some money on the TWS119 since it seems to be the carrier. Now the GSK-3beta (glycogen synthase kinase-3beta) has the ability to phosphorylate something...could it be the CTD of the RNAP II, or maybe a lysine mod? We do know that this heterdimer does have the ability to do so. It will be interesting seeing what task it performs.

Source Here
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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-

Gene Found for Embryonic Stem Cell Potency::: Two research teams, one led by Austin Smith from the University of Edinburgh and the other led by Shinya Yamanaka of Japan's Nara Institute of Science and Technology, discovered the gene last year and have collaborated since.


In one experiment, for example, Smith's team inserted the human nanog gene into mouse embryonic stem cells and found that it prevented the cells from differentiating into specific types of tissue.

Researchers still have to determine, however, what signal turns nanog on, after which they may be able to develop drugs that activate the gene.

This will require more research on human embryos, which means that the controversy over their use won't go away soon.


Source Here
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-=GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-
Leading researchers and representatives of major funding organizations from about 12 different countries gathered in London on Friday, May 30 for a meeting convened by the UK's Medical Research Council. Scientists from countries at the forefront of stem cell research have been discussing ways to pool resources and share information in a bid to speed up the development of new medical applications.

Source Here
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Well, as it seems, the key transcription factors are being found and there is still enough time to sit down and talk about it. Life is good.
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 06 June 2003 - 01:28 AM.


#56 Cyto

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Posted 08 June 2003 - 08:56 AM

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-=To Improve the: GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-
Durable Dwarves: Stress-resistant cells come in small packages
From SAGE KE:::http://sageke.sciencemag.org/

The mellow surf bum might outlast the type A executive because she lets stress bounce off her. Similarly, long-lived dwarf mice might endure because their cells resist numerous affronts, according to new work. The results provide a possible explanation for why the petite animals persist and also bolster the suspected connection between longevity and stress resistance.

Several pint-sized mouse strains live unusually long. For instance, Snell dwarves meet their cheesemaker 50% later than do normal mice. The animals harbor a mutation that blocks pituitary maturation and, as a consequence, hinders the production of several hormones that are crucial for growth. For example, amounts of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are tiny. Crippling an IGF-1-like pathway in worms and flies extends life span. Together, the observations suggest that different organisms share hormonal circuits that govern longevity (see "Growing Old Together"). The long-lived flies and worms with glitches in the IGF-1-like pathway shrug off stress and pump out excess repair proteins (see Johnson Review). Some data hint that persistent rodents resist adversity (see "One for All"), but researchers haven't sealed the connection in the furry beasts. Murakami and colleagues wondered whether Snell dwarf mice boast a particularly strong stress response.

To address that question, the researchers grew skin cells from the animals in culture. Then they bombarded the cells with a variety of noxious treatments: heat, ultraviolet radiation, the herbicide paraquat, hydrogen peroxide, and the poisonous metal cadmium. Fifty percent more dwarf than normal cells survived paraquat or UV treatment; more than twice as many survived heat, peroxide, or cadmium treatment. Cells from two lines of mice--each carrying the Snell mutation--showed heightened fortitude, implying that the Snell mutation itself is responsible. The authors plan to hunt for genes with altered activity in the dwarves; those genes could lead them to the biochemical pathways by which these mice fight off life's assaults...
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-=To Improve the: GENETICS OF STEM CELLS=-
Lost Without a LIM: Protein drives cells to wounds
From SAGE KE:::http://sageke.sciencemag.org/

BARGA, ITALY--Like the battery in an ambulance, a protein called Ajuba sparks events that propel cells to the scene of an accident, according to new work. The results illuminate the molecular details of cell movement during wound healing, a process that malfunctions in the elderly. Extending the findings might suggest strategies for improving healing.

As people age, their ability to mend breaches in skin or other tissues diminishes, although the cause is unclear. Normally, repair cells migrate to the wound site to seal the sore and establish new, healthy tissue. The cells must clamber over other cells and wind through the tissue's protein matrix to get there; contact with the matrix gives cells the traction they need to move. Gregory Longmore, a cell biologist at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and colleagues previously discovered that two members of the LIM protein family connect receptors in a cell's membrane to its cytoskeleton, the protein network that gives cells their shape and enables them to move.
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All I can say is that things seem to be working in the favor of having an already existing "to fix" list for future designer stem cells.
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 08 June 2003 - 09:03 AM.


#57 Cyto

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Posted 11 June 2003 - 12:10 AM

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-=NEW CLASS OF STEM CELLS?=-
Immunodeficient mice were injected with these hStem Cells that deal with erythrocyte (red blood cell) production. They don't say what exactly the cell is but the results were very nice (erythroblasts? mylotic?). So the mice injected gained high levels of RBCs within the first one-two weeks, which is one-two weeks faster then with normally used hema stem cells. No cancer subjects occurred. The thing that is valuable to us? Forming a classical model to create faster response stem cells.
Source is Stem Cell Research News:Vol. 5 No. 11
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-=FIRST CARDIAC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT - WILL IT WORK?=-
Heart failure strikes 400,000-700,000 (American) people a year, wouldn't it be nice to do something about it?
About a month ago the subject had thigh muscle biopsy then the biopsy was sent to Diacrin, which develops cell therapies. Now they cultured the stem cells extracted to make 300 million. The subject underwent 32 injections in the heart from his own stem cells. They are monitoring the progress but it may take 12 weeks to see the results.
Source is Stem Cell Research News:Vol. 5 No. 11
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-=UNDERSTANDING HOW NEURONAL STEM CELLS DIFFERENTIATE=-
2 genes - 2 protein pathways. One is a basic Helix-loop-Helix pathway which generates a wide range of nstem cells and the LIM Homeodomain determines what nstem cells are produced.
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#58 Cyto

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Posted 19 June 2003 - 01:41 AM

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The meeting attracted more than 700 people, included scientific sessions by dozens of the world’s top stem cell researchers. The meeting also featured an ethics roundtable discussion and a town hall meeting to identify issues the society should address.
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-=GROWTH FACTORS/GENETICS=-
Muahh!!! From BetterHumans.com...

Neural fetal stem cells can be coaxed into neurospheres that can migrate to different parts of the brain and develop into the specialized cells that it comprises.

These cells tend to stop dividing in culture, but Wright and colleagues found that they could extend their shelf life by adding a signaling chemical known as leukemia inhibitory factor.

The research team also used gene chip analysis to determine which genes were active in the neurospheres.

Understanding this could lead to genetic modifications for improving the use of neurospheres.

Through genetic manipulation, for example, it may be possible to create neurospheres that fool the immune system so that it doesn't reject them as foreign, eliminating the need for drugs that suppress immunity.

Source Here
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Edited by XxDoubleHelixX, 19 June 2003 - 01:44 AM.


#59 Cyto

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Posted 20 June 2003 - 09:04 PM

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-=RNAi PRODUCES HIV RESISTANT IMMUNE CELLS=-
Infomation provided by Stem Cell Research News (link in first post)...

Both T Cells and Macrophages were given the small interfering RNAs through genetic insertion techniques (they don't give it). First they inserted the siRNA genes into the precursor stem cells then differentiated into the leukocytes: T Cells and Macrophages.

Akkina, Prof. in the Department of Microbio./Immune./Pathology of Colorado State, said - "When challenged with HIV infection, the immune cells showed sustained resistance."

The siRNA genes didn't alter the differentiation process nor the ability of the cells to act as apart of a functional immune system.
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-=RAPID BONE GROWTH =-
Infomation provided by Stem Cell Research News (link in first post)...

Hadi Aslan of the University of Jerusalem has found how to speed up the regeneration of bone in patients by treating them without having to culture the stem cells! They will not say how since the University plans to make a cash cow out of this.
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-=ADDING ONTO THE NEUROSPHERES (above post)=-
They can culture the cells for more then a year. A Neurosphere is an aggregate of precursor brain cells which, when implanted, can migrate to different parts of the brain -integrate and develop into many of the different kinds of neurons.

The problem of the cells loosing steam was fixed when 3 lines where found to keep growing for 50 weeks. They keep and eye on these nSCs by using the gene chip arrays, which can watch 33,000 genes. They are striving for the idea of customizing neurospheres.
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Click HERE to rent this BIOSCIENCE adspot to support LongeCity (this will replace the google ad above).

#60 Cyto

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Posted 27 June 2003 - 02:28 AM

Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, people of all ages! Hear one and all- For the end of stem cells is upon us!

Just kidding...

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-=ANTI-ESCs SPEAKS OUT WITH SOME BITE!=-

Newswire spoke with Margie Shealy of the Christian Medical Association (CMA) about the American Medical Association's (AMA) pro-somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). If you read in the article there will be NO mention of the real name for the procedure SCNT because of the faith-based opinion of Margie Shealy.

THE BITE:

"No wonder that only two of every five doctors still belong to the AMA, which in the 1960's used to speak for nearly nine of every ten doctors. With such an increasingly small minority, the AMA obviously no longer speaks for American doctors. And as its recent decision to advocate human embryo-destroying cloning proves, it does not speak for many within its dwindling membership, either."


THE 'PROBLEM':

"We're talking about an organization that actually advocates creating human life for the sole purpose of destroying it through highly speculative, questionable and unethical research. Why not instead devote your resources to promoting ethical adult stem cell research, which is curing real patients without destroying human life?"


Overall the AMA is loosing membership and faith-based personel will be sure to get their "Har har" in the picture.

Source HERE
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-=AMA=-

Goldrich said the AMA guidelines "will be helpful for those physicians already doing [stem cell] research," as well as those who have thus far only contemplated it. "There may be some physicians who sat on the sidelines awaiting some sort of guidelines from their professional organization," he said.

Under the guidelines, physicians are free to decide whether to participate in stem cell research or to use products that result from this type of research. This allows physicians uncomfortable with the process the freedom not to participate, Goldrich said


So owners of eggs at the cyropreservation clinics can donate them to research if they want to and scientists who are apart of the AMA can use the stem cells if they want to or not. Yet we still have the same "your killing a human" etc etc riddled all over the article. Anyways, the AMA isn't going under anytime soon and this loss of members can simply be a good step tward seperating the poo from the gems.

Source HERE
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-=JUST FYI=-

The man named Charles Emrick didn't die due to the cardio stem cells injected into his heart.

According to a statement released by Emrick's doctors, Emrick died because of "an acute ischemic event (heart attack) most likely related to his underlying atherosclerotic disease process and repeated cardiac bypass surgeries."


Source HERE
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-=THE HU-MOUSE=-

South Korean researchers said yesterday they had succeeded in developing human embryonic stem cells in the bodies of mice.
Scientists from the institute injected human embryonic stem cells, carrying enhanced green fluorescent proteins (EGFP), into mice embryos. They then transplanted the embryos into the wombs of four mice. They said they succeeded in producing 11 healthy baby mice.
Of the 11 transgenic mice, five had stem-cells bearing EGFP genes in their hearts, livers, kidneys and cartilage. All progeny of the five also had the stem-cell genes.  They are perfect mice except for a few human genes, said Maria's head of research Park Se-Pill.


Well, Im awed.

Source HERE

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-=Bone Marrow Cells Injected into Mice Quickly Cure Diabetes=-

Canadian scientists have discovered that stem cells can trigger regeneration of severely damaged organs in animals, a feat that suggests it may be possible to trick the human body into healing itself.


The scientists injected bone marrow stem cells into diabetic mice, which were cured or back to normal within seven to 14 days. But the "most amazing" finding, said Dr. Bhatia, is that the stem cells triggered the rodents' damaged pancreases to regenerate on their own.


Source HERE
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