As it's mentioned in the help file, from the USDA food database. However, since I use the installed version I only now realized that the online version uses at least 2 additional databases, one from Canada and one from France. that's a real improvement, which I wished would be included in the standalone version too.
The other improvement I see with the online version is that some missing nutrients, for example iodine, fructose and net carbs have been added, something I'm really missing in the standalone version (along with ability to add a few custom items, like for example polyphenol content).
Another improvement I'd like to see is being able to click on a vitamin and see the percentage breakdown of where for example all the potassium is coming from. Drilling down like this really helps you improve your goals. As it stands it just leaves you hanging.
For that the standalone version works much better already now Though the online version shows a good oversight of all components in one page, while in the installed version one has to find them under different tabs, but with the later the additional graphical representation is much better to find where an individual nutrient comes from (by highlighting the first item of today's foods list, and cruising through each by using the down arrow on your keyboard while keeping the graph in sight).