41 replies to this topic

[Logic]

Epilepsy drug levetiracetam reverses memory loss in animal model of Alzheimer's disease
http://medicalxpress...ses-memory.html

[ScienceGuy]

Epilepsy drug levetiracetam reverses memory loss in animal model of Alzheimer's disease
http://medicalxpress...ses-memory.html

Nice one Logic!

See here for the Johns Hopkins University Study on HUMANS: Drug Improves Brain Function in Condition that Leads to Alzheimer’s

However, I should add that I would urge anyone considering trying LEVETIRACETAM to take note of the following statement contained within the article:

"Until larger human trials have been completed, we caution against any off-label use of levetiracetam," Dr. Mucke said.

Furthermore, one should pay particular attention to its medical documentation, especially the potential SIDE EFFECTS: LEVETIRACETAM AHFS Consumer Medication Information

EDIT: The above caution is primarily directed at HEALTHY individuals thinking of trying LEVETIRACETAM as a possible NOOTROPIC, as opposed to individuals actually diagnosed as suffering from ALZHEIMER'S

Edited by ScienceGuy, 13 August 2012 - 10:58 AM.

[Logic]

Thx ScienceGuy.

I read the post you made about the bad side effects of levetiracetam.
Do you think this would be a problem in Alzheimer's sufferers, or will the overexited neurons? they have compensate for the negative effects?

Shot for the link.

I have a friend suffering from Alzheimer's...

[ScienceGuy]

Thx ScienceGuy.

I read the post you made about the bad side effects of levetiracetam.
Do you think this would be a problem in Alzheimer's sufferers, or will the overexited neurons? they have compensate for the negative effects?

Shot for the link.

I have a friend suffering from Alzheimer's...

Ah... if we are talking specifically about treating ALZHEIMER'S then that is a different matter entirely. To clarify, caution is directed at HEALTHY individuals thinking of trying LEVETIRACETAM as a possible NOOTROPIC. My advice is that your friend tries the LEVETIRACETAM and ascertains how he or she responds to it, both positively and negatively. It is one of those situations when one should try it and see whether the benefits outway the side effects (if any) experienced. Due to the drug's particular SIDE EFFECTS profile I would recommend that your friend start at 1/10 the normal dosage of LEVETIRACETAM and very gradually increase the dosage each day until there is the manifestation of intolerable side effects, in which case one should reduce the dosage to below that threshold, or the desired dosage is achieved.

I should add that certain SIDE EFFECTS can be managed with other drugs, for example should NAUSEA occur this can be eliminated with an appropriate ANTIEMETIC drug. Whilst it is typically recommended to avoid venturing into the game of treating the negative effects of one drug with another drug, this is one of those situations where such a thing is appropriate if necessary. In other words, if your friend find that LEVETIRACETAM provides significant therapeutic benefit but at the expense of intolerable side effect(s), it should be considered whether the respective side effect(s) can be eliminated or reduced such that taking the primary drug is tolerable, by concommittantly taking other drug(s) for that specific purpose.

Edited by ScienceGuy, 13 August 2012 - 10:56 AM.

[Logic]

Thx ScienceGuy

I will pass this info on to his wife as he is too far gone atm to decide for himself. The original link caught my eye as it spoke of reversing memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.

He has been taking Coconut Oil for about 2 weeks now as he is type 2 diabetic. I will also recomend B3 due to this info:
http://www.longecity...candida-and-b3/

[tunt01]

Somewhat repeat information from another thread, but Levetiracetam appears to directly intervene in the negative effects of APOE4 via inhibition of Sv2a. They tested this in petri dish and got less amyloid in APOE4 neurons. ALZ community is taking note

http://www.alzforum....ail.asp?id=3549

http://newsroom.cumc...ers-identified/

[Galantamine]

"Until larger human trials have been completed, we caution against any off-label use of levetiracetam," Dr. Mucke said.
EDIT: The above caution is primarily directed at HEALTHY individuals thinking of trying LEVETIRACETAM as a possible NOOTROPIC, as opposed to individuals actually diagnosed as suffering from ALZHEIMER'S

Technically, levetiracetam is mostly prescribed off-label since its only therapeutic intervention (in the eyes of the FDA) is for partial-onset seizures. In practice, it's most commonly prescribed for generalized seizures, in addition to any other type of seizure (LGS, pseudoseizures, et cetra). The reason for the latter is because keppra is exceptionally safe, and is commonly titrated to 3-4 grams/day, or higher in some cases.

Since it is commonly given for pseudoseizures, it goes without saying that physicians do not think it is unsafe, since pseudoseizures do not actually involve epileptiform activity (i.e. psychiatric manifestation, conversion, or malingering).

A lot of critical care neurologists dump keppra on patients with TBI's, post-code, post-stroke, and coma, although its not really standard of care. This speaks highly not only to its effectiveness, but to its safety.

[ScienceGuy]

"Until larger human trials have been completed, we caution against any off-label use of levetiracetam," Dr. Mucke said.
EDIT: The above caution is primarily directed at HEALTHY individuals thinking of trying LEVETIRACETAM as a possible NOOTROPIC, as opposed to individuals actually diagnosed as suffering from ALZHEIMER'S

Technically, levetiracetam is mostly prescribed off-label since its only therapeutic intervention (in the eyes of the FDA) is for partial-onset seizures. In practice, it's most commonly prescribed for generalized seizures, in addition to any other type of seizure (LGS, pseudoseizures, et cetra). The reason for the latter is because keppra is exceptionally safe, and is commonly titrated to 3-4 grams/day, or higher in some cases.

Since it is commonly given for pseudoseizures, it goes without saying that physicians do not think it is unsafe, since pseudoseizures do not actually involve epileptiform activity (i.e. psychiatric manifestation, conversion, or malingering).

A lot of critical care neurologists dump keppra on patients with TBI's, post-code, post-stroke, and coma, although its not really standard of care. This speaks highly not only to its effectiveness, but to its safety.

So, you disagree with Dr. Mucke then? What do you think about LEVETIRACETAM's safety specifically regarding HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS taking it off-label as a potential NOOTROPIC? N.B. Because it has the word "RACETAM" contained within it, this means that (given this is an Internet forum for Brain Health) some people reading your post will inevitably consider taking it without a prescription and without the proper medical supervision... and you have essentially just stated that it is perfectly safe for them to do so, which IMO is wholly irresponsible...

Perhaps you need reminding of the list of COMMON SIDE EFFECTS associated with usage of LEVETIRACETAM, which are:

Feeling tired, dizzy or sleepy
Indigestion
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Headache
Cough
Cold-like symptoms
Feeling unsteady or shaky
Skin rash
Vertigo (a spinning sensation)
Mood changes
Depression
and Irritability

Therefore, I stand by what I said (and DR MUCKE says) and caution against HEALTHY individuals considering taking LEVETIRACETAM as a possible NOOTROPIC

[formergenius]

I'm using Levetiracetam off-label (750mg BID) in an attempt to treat HPPD.
I've also read a study about it improving cognition in mild cognitive dysfunction.
So far I must say that the only benefit I gain from it is that I've been sleeping much better.
Aside from that, sometimes my cognition seems even worse than it already was, especially memory.
But that could just be my imagination, I haven't been keeping any objective measure, and my cognition was quite bad from the start alas.
I doubt it has any nootropic value, but then again I'm not exactly the "healthy individual".

[Galantamine]

Perhaps you need reminding of the list of COMMON SIDE EFFECTS associated with usage of LEVETIRACETAM, which are:

Feeling tired, dizzy or sleepy
Indigestion
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Headache
Cough
Cold-like symptoms
Feeling unsteady or shaky
Skin rash
Vertigo (a spinning sensation)
Mood changes
Depression
and Irritability

Therefore, I stand by what I said (and DR MUCKE says) and caution against HEALTHY individuals considering taking LEVETIRACETAM as a possible NOOTROPIC

Basing your supplement consumption on adverse effect surveillance would probably preclude you from ever taking a supplement.

[ScienceGuy]

Basing your supplement consumption on adverse effect surveillance would probably preclude you from ever taking a supplement.

WHAT???? Please tell me you are joking!

Firstly, please note that for both SUPPLEMENTS and DRUGS it is always advisable to pay close attention to the potential SIDE EFFECTS profile for said SUPPLEMENT and/or DRUG prior to considering whether or not to take it, and most certainly if deciding to take it. So in this respect, SUPPLEMENTS should be treated no different than DRUGS. Furthermore, the SIDE EFFECTS profile for the various SUPPLEMENTS and DRUGS will vary considerably from one to another, in that some will have a significant number of VERY COMMON (>10% incidence) and COMMON (1 - 10% incidence) SIDE EFFECTS, whereas others may have absolutely none.

LEVETIRACETAM is a perfect example of this... it has the following SIDE EFFECTS that are VERY COMMON (which by definition means that more than 10% of people taking it experience these):

• headaches
• inflammation of the nose and throat
• sleepiness
• vomiting
• feeling irritable

AND it has the following SIDE EFFECTS that are COMMON (which by definition means that between 1 and 10% of people taking it experience these):

• aggressive behaviour
• balance or coordination problems
• convulsions
• cough
• depression - seek immediate medical advice if you develop depression
• diarrhoea
• difficulty sleeping
• feeling anxious
• feeling dizzy
• feeling nervous
• feelings of hostility
• indigestion
• lethargy
• loss of appetite
• nausea
• skin rash or rashes
• stomach pain
• tiredness
• tremors
• vertigo
• weakness

Whereas, let's have a look at the SIDE EFFECT PROFILE for PIRACETAM shall we? Oh wait, that's right... it doesn't have any VERY COMMON or COMMON SIDE EFFECTS; it only has a handful of UNCOMMON ones, which by definition means they occur in between 0.1% and 1% people taking it.

Therefore, one can deduce that PIRACETAM is extremely well tolerated and hence is perfectly fine for HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS to take for its potential NOOTROPIC EFFECTS... whereas, by taking into consideration LEVETIRACETAM's SIDE EFFECT PROFILE wherein the considerable number of both VERY COMMON and COMMON SIDE EFFECTS means that caution is most certainly warranted against HEALTHY individuals considering taking LEVETIRACETAM off label as a possible NOOTROPIC

I should add that your experience with LEVETIRACETAM is within a clinical environment wherein the patient is under medical supervision, even if this is simply the patient being overseen by their doctor, and in such circumstances (i.e. with proper medical supervision) LEVETIRACETAM is a highly useful drug that is safe as long as proper observation is carried out regards manifestation of adverse effects in the patient. However, to imply that it is OK for HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS to self-medicate with LEVETIRACETAM without any medical supervision whatsoever is not only wholly irresponsible it is crazy talk...

Seriously, the fact that I am having to explain this to someone who claims to be a doctor is absolutely extraordinary! (no offense intended... I am quite literally flabbergasted)

Edited by ScienceGuy, 01 August 2013 - 05:50 AM.

[Galantamine]

Seriously, the fact that I am having to explain this to someone who claims to be a doctor is absolutely extraordinary! (no offense intended... I am quite literally flabbergasted)

"ScienceGuy," how many times have I owned you on this forum? You are the antithesis of a "science guy," and more closely aligned to an ignorant, attention-seeking, troll.

I suggest changing your handle to prevent anyone from thinking you have a grasp of "science." I don't think TrollGuy is taken. Maybe LymesDiseaseGuy?

[xks201]

That was quite a post science guy. It looks like the NSI might be working...lol

[Galantamine]

That was quite a post science guy. It looks like the NSI might be working...lol

Comically, he picks PIRACETAM as his comparison - a drug/supplement that isn't subject to the kind of active surveillance that keppra is subject to.

Any compound which exerts physiologic influence has the potential for adverse events - most of the time they are secondary to the amount of attention that is placed on them (i.e. Clinical trials, FDA approval).

In the case of drugs used for therapeutic interventions (i.e. epilepsy), the target population is more susceptible to side effects by virtue of being ill in addition to exceptional monitoring. The latter allows for pronounced confounding.

If TrollGuy actually looked at the trials with keppra, he would see that placebo produced an almost equivalent side effect profile. As I mentioned in my original post, physicians commonly put people on keppra with no epileptic activity, speaking to its safety.

I digress...I don't think keppra would exert any nootropic effect in a normal, healthy, brain, although it has great potential for MCI, and the beginning phases of dementia (and a few other scenarios).

[ScienceGuy]

"ScienceGuy," how many times have I owned you on this forum? You are the antithesis of a "science guy," and more closely aligned to an ignorant, attention-seeking, troll.

I suggest changing your handle to prevent anyone from thinking you have a grasp of "science." I don't think TrollGuy is taken. Maybe LymesDiseaseGuy?

Right now I am devoting all my available free time today to carrying out yet another entirely altruistic exercise for about 40 other members of this forum community; and I quite simply do not have time to waste on this sort of nonsense... Whereas, you are devoting your time to slinging AD HOMINEM at a philanthropist… BRAVO SIR!

Well actions speak louder than words… and so I will leave it for the other fine ladies and gentlemen reading this to judge for themselves who here is really the "ignorant, attention-seeking, troll" that you just called me.

For reasons unknown you seem to enjoy attempting to pick fights with me on this forum; wherein, this is by no means the first instance... well it takes two to tango my friend, and I have no interest in dancing with you...

[ScienceGuy]

That was quite a post science guy. It looks like the NSI might be working...lol

I think you may be right!

BACK ON TOPIC:

Comically, he picks PIRACETAM as his comparison - a drug/supplement that isn't subject to the kind of active surveillance that keppra is subject to...

You are entirely missing the point… it does not matter which drug is used ‘in comparison’… the crux of the matter is that LEVETIRACETAM’s substantial and lengthy SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE (which is clinically proven and irrefutable BTW) means that you are just plain wrong in suggesting that it is OK for HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS to self-medicate with it without any medical supervision whatsoever. This is not a matter of opinion; it is medical FACT.

LEVETIRACETAM's SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE is far more considerable than the likes of other drugs with potential NOOTROPIC EFFECTS… and yes, this includes PIRACETAM which is medically and scientifically proven to be one of the most non-toxic drugs that currently exists today.

...If TrollGuy actually looked at the trials with keppra, he would see that placebo produced an almost equivalent side effect profile.

Again, you are incorrect. You can’t just take one or two trials out of context you know… each and every drug’s SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE is established by exactly the same procedure wherein ALL the trials, toxicity studies and other relevant data are taken into account… wherein, your statement that LEVETIRACETAM shows no greater incidence of SIDE EFFECTS than a PLACEBO is not only factually incorrect but IMO pretty damn irresponsible… Have you seriously given thought to the potential ramifications of what you are saying here?

Not only does LEVETIRACETAM have the considerable list of VERY COMMON and COMMON SIDE EFFECTS specified above, but it also comes with the following WARNING: “Serious side effects may include depression, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts, seizures that are worse or different, fever, sore throat, signs of infection, double vision, itching, rash, swelling of the face.”

Consequently, it is most certainly NOT recommended that HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS self-medicate with LEVETIRACETAM for its possible NOOTROPIC EFFECTS without any medical supervision whatsoever.

You are used to the situation wherein that will always be some element of patient supervision… and when administered within a clinical environment (as you are used to dealing with it) LEVETIRACETAM is indeed safe… However, in this instance you need to be aware that people reading what you post might choose to buy LEVETIRACETAM off of the Internet and take it without any medical supervision whatsoever… wherein, it is NOT recommended that they do this, for all the reasons that I have already stated.

Edited by ScienceGuy, 02 August 2013 - 11:40 AM.

[Ark]

That was quite a post science guy. It looks like the NSI might be working...lol

Comically, he picks PIRACETAM as his comparison - a drug/supplement that isn't subject to the kind of active surveillance that keppra is subject to.

Any compound which exerts physiologic influence has the potential for adverse events - most of the time they are secondary to the amount of attention that is placed on them (i.e. Clinical trials, FDA approval).

In the case of drugs used for therapeutic interventions (i.e. epilepsy), the target population is more susceptible to side effects by virtue of being ill in addition to exceptional monitoring. The latter allows for pronounced confounding.

If TrollGuy actually looked at the trials with keppra, he would see that placebo produced an almost equivalent side effect profile. As I mentioned in my original post, physicians commonly put people on keppra with no epileptic activity, speaking to its safety.

I digress...I don't think keppra would exert any nootropic effect in a normal, healthy, brain, although it has great potential for MCI, and the beginning phases of dementia (and a few other scenarios).

Stop trolling scienceguy we are all able to read for our selves.

[arcticjoe]

I find it comical that someone who is involved in organising group buys for nearly unknown psychoactive substances with little to no proper safety testing is objecting to consumption of a medication that has gone through proper human trials. So many threads here actively encourage members to try relatively unresearched chemicals on a whim that they might induce neurogenesis, even when some have a pretty high odds of permanent major side effects (like dihexa's potential for promoting brain tumor growth).

Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

[tunt01]

I find it comical that someone who is involved in organising group buys for nearly unknown psychoactive substances with little to no proper safety testing is objecting to consumption of a medication that has gone through proper human trials. So many threads here actively encourage members to try relatively unresearched chemicals on a whim that they might induce neurogenesis, even when some have a pretty high odds of permanent major side effects (like dihexa's potential for promoting brain tumor growth).

+1. I would take feeling irritable and nausea over unknown and uncertain, pretty much any day of the week.

And I don't know why we are comparing Levetiracetam to Piracetam. Does piracetam act upon Sv2a? That's what matters.

Edited by prophets, 02 August 2013 - 04:42 PM.

[Xenix]

Seriously, the fact that I am having to explain this to someone who claims to be a doctor is absolutely extraordinary! (no offense intended... I am quite literally flabbergasted)

"ScienceGuy," how many times have I owned you on this forum? You are the antithesis of a "science guy," and more closely aligned to an ignorant, attention-seeking, troll.

I suggest changing your handle to prevent anyone from thinking you have a grasp of "science." I don't think TrollGuy is taken. Maybe LymesDiseaseGuy?

You've "owned" ScienceGuy? Seriously? What are you, like 12? If we're talking handles, you certainly don't write like a doctor -- even an Irish one at that, LOL. The only one seeking attention here is you, pal.

On topic: scopolamine-induced rat models used for simulating Alzheimer's (and other cognitive impairments) seems so... archaic... isn't there some other better standard?

Edited by Xenix, 02 August 2013 - 06:17 PM.

[ScienceGuy]

I find it comical that someone who is involved in organising group buys for nearly unknown psychoactive substances with little to no proper safety testing is objecting to consumption of a medication that has gone through proper human trials. So many threads here actively encourage members to try relatively unresearched chemicals on a whim that they might induce neurogenesis, even when some have a pretty high odds of permanent major side effects (like dihexa's potential for promoting brain tumor growth).

+1. I would take feeling irritable and nausea over unknown and uncertain, pretty much any day of the week.

And I don't know why we are comparing Levetiracetam to Piracetam. Does piracetam act upon Sv2a? That's what matters.

You are clearly both intelligent chaps and hence you will both know that firstly PIRACETAM's MOA is irrelevant to the point I made; and secondly you will know that I am not "objecting to consumption of a medication that has gone through proper human trials" and by stating so you are knowingly deliberately twisting what I have said. I know that IRISH MD is your buddy and all, but honestly! You three are akin to PLAYGROUND BULLIES, but sorry I am not playing...

My singular point here is that I concur with DR MUCKE's view with respect to caution being warranted in HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS considering taking LEVETIRACETAM off-label for its potential NOOTROPIC EFFECTS. That is all.

You are perfectly entitled to your own opinions, and by all means feel free to disagree with me; in which case gentlemen, please let us simply agree to disagree.

Edited by ScienceGuy, 02 August 2013 - 06:25 PM.

[tunt01]

I know that IRISH MD is your buddy and all, but honestly! You three are akin to PLAYGROUND BULLIES, but sorry I am not playing...

For the record, I don't know anyone in this thread, including you. I view this remark as deflecting from the issue at hand.

As far as Dr. Mucke is concerned, I don't see many doctors who are evaluating approved drugs for new indications telling healthy people to run out and take the drug. The liability that would ensue from any doctor expressly telling a reporter to publish their name and a recommendation for healthy people to start taking a drug would probably be enough to cause serious problems for said doctor.

Dr. Mucke's viewpoint is not exactly shocking.

Edited by prophets, 02 August 2013 - 07:35 PM.

[crusader]

IrishMD, please leave this forum and troll somewhere else, thank you.

[arcticjoe]

You are clearly both intelligent chaps and hence you will both know that firstly PIRACETAM's MOA is irrelevant to the point I made; and secondly you will know that I am not "objecting to consumption of a medication that has gone through proper human trials"

lets not get pedantic, in your post you seem to disagree with Irish MD regarding use of levetiracetam as a nootropic. for the record, I dont think its a good idea either, but people in glass houses should not be throwing stones if you know what I mean.. you've encouraged (and supplied even) other members of this board with far more dubious substances than levetiracetam. at the end of the day people's bodies are their own labs, i may not agree with some of stupidly reckless behaviour here, but I am in no position to tell anyone what they can or cannot do.

and by stating so you are knowingly deliberately twisting what I have said. I know that IRISH MD is your buddy and all, but honestly! You three are akin to PLAYGROUND BULLIES, but sorry I am not playing...

first, i dont know Irish MD nor am I taking his side here, just finding your high moral ground position a little silly. second, i dont think we've ever disagreed on this board and cant help but notice you seem a little paranoid. Playground bullies? lets not get too melodramatic, i'm just a guy who disagrees with you on the internet.

[unregistered_user]

Scienceguy -

Props to you for always taking the high road and never resorting to petty and juvenile name calling. You tend to defend your position in a mature and mild mannered fashion.

Thank you for your contributions and your conduct on the boards.

[Q did it!]

Scienceguy -

Props to you for always taking the high road and never resorting to petty and juvenile name calling. You tend to defend your position in a mature and mild mannered fashion.

Thank you for your contributions and your conduct on the boards.

+1

[ScienceGuy]

lets not get pedantic, in your post you seem to disagree with Irish MD regarding use of levetiracetam as a nootropic...

You seem to have missed the most fundamentally important points here entirely...

1) I have drawn peoples' attention to the SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE for LEVETIRACETAM and stated that I concur with DR MUCKE's view that caution is advised in HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS considering taking LEVETIRACETAM. I am no-one's babysitter and I have not told people what to do... I have simply provided the necessary factually accurate information such that peoples' information level is such that they can make a properly informed decision regards whether or not to take LEVETIRACETAM and in doing so be fully aware of the potential risks. This is called acting responsibly.

2) "Irish MD" has deliberately trivialized the SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE for LEVETIRACETAM as part of yet another unwarranted AD HOMINEM attack against me, wherein he has incorrectly stated that in general LEVETIRACETAM has no greater incidence of SIDE EFFECTS than a PLACEBO; wherein if left uncorrected could cause people to self-medicate with LEVETIRACETAM and consequently experience any number of its numerous potential SIDE EFFECTS, as a direct result of said misinformation...

3) "Irish MD" by his very username is claiming to be a DOCTOR; wherein, as a result people will be more likely to act according to what he posts than the average Joe, YES? Therefore, he should feel obliged more than the average Joe to act responsibly by ensuring that everything he posts regarding a drug's SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE not only is 100% factually correct, but also err on the side of caution... Someone actually sent me a PM about this very point, wherein they hit the nail on the head so to speak:

"If he is a real MD he shouldn't be giving people direct advice to try side effect strong drugs for off label uses anyways, as he is a doctor so people may listen to him on that basis.

4) RE: "...people in glass houses should not be throwing stones if you know what I mean.. you've encouraged (and supplied even) other members of this board with far more dubious substances than levetiracetam. at the end of the day people's bodies are their own labs, i may not agree with some of stupidly reckless behaviour here, but I am in no position to tell anyone what they can or cannot do." - Like I have already said, I have not told people what to do... I have simply provided the necessary factually accurate information such that peoples' information level is such that they can make a properly informed decision regards whether or not to take LEVETIRACETAM and in doing so be fully aware of the potential risks. I have done precisely the same thing with regards to the "far more dubious substances" to which you refer, wherein I have ensured that said individuals are fully aware of the potential risks associated with taking said substances, and can make an informed decision regarding whether or not to take said substance. I have also sent each and every participant a PM recommending that they first take a 'TEST DOSE' of 1/10 the lowest standard dose so as to establish how they react to it etc...

Edited by ScienceGuy, 03 August 2013 - 05:53 AM.

[SuperjackDid_]

Ugly behaviour side effect,i noticed memory restored while i take on sleep ,amazing .

[telight]

Consider this study (http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23876024) done in children with TBI:

"The most common symptoms ranked as severe by treatment subjects were headache, fatigue, drowsiness, and irritability. Although 85% of treated subjects reported fatigue,
only 5% ranked it severe. Mild to moderate headaches were
reported by 55% of treated subjects and mild to moderate
drowsiness or somnolence by 45% of treated subjects."

When I read the literature I sometimes see the words "well tolerated" in reference to levetiracetam, this caught me at off guard at first having done most of my other research in nootropics, who really have little side effects. I believe levetiracetam is well tolerated relative to other ANTIEPILEPTICS--not the kind of well tolerability that we are used to on this forum. In this case the side effects of the drug (fatigue,headache, etc) are much more minor than the condition it treats (seizures), so it makes sense that these side effects are rather mild compared to benefit it may bring to epileptics. Regardless this is a rather murky argument so I have attached a link to a comprehensive review of the drug which clearly depicts a relatively high rate of side effects, though mild for an antiepileptic, would not be something I would want in a nootropic.

https://www.dropbox....dy/LRacetam.pdf

Edited by telight, 03 August 2013 - 07:47 AM.

[arcticjoe]

ScienceGuy, you seem confused about what the point of my post was. I really dont care about your feud with Irish MD, i'm just pointing out that you to me you seem guilty of pretty much the same thing you are accusing him off. also, claiming you provide factually accurate information re: safety of a substance is a little misleading when those compounds have little to no data on human safety available. telling members to take 1/10th of a dose is a responsible way to address acute effects, but it wont help if said substance can cause permanent changes which take a while to show up.

Edited by arcticjoe, 03 August 2013 - 10:01 AM.