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Resveratrol is not metabolized primarily by the CYP enzymes, but by the sulfotransferases: SULT1A et al. While resveratrol may affect CYP, it is much weaker in that regard than grapefruit juice, which I suspct you have been told to avoid.
There is a potential for interaction with CYP3A4. Neoral is a trade-name for a micronized solution of cyclosporine. Cyslosporine has the potential to compete for CYP3A4, which causes severe interaction with statins.
Cyclosporin suppressed P450 3A2 expression and in vitro steroid hydroxylation.
(Kidney International (1998) 54, 216–223; doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00970.x
Cyclosporine suppresses rat hepatic cytochrome P450 in a time-dependent manner)
Resveratrol has been reported to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4
in vitro, which would increase the activity of drugs it metabolzes. However,this has not beenobserved in humans or
in vivo.
Piver B, Berthou F, Dreano Y, Lucas D. Inhibition of CYP3A, CYP1A and CYP2E1 activities by resveratrol and other non volatile red wine components. Toxicol Lett. 2001;125(1-3):83-91.
Found that even without resveratrol, red wine polyphenols inhibited CYP. Inconclusive.
Regev-Shoshani G, Shoseyov O, Kerem Z. Influence of lipophilicity on the interactions of hydroxy stilbenes with cytochrome P450 3A4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;323(2):668-673.
Found a significant inhibition of human CYP3A4-dependent transformation of cyclosporine by resveratrol, with IC50 = 4.5 microM. The concentration is much higher than attained in blood serum with oral administration of even high doses of resveratrol. Also inconclusive.
In short, resveratrol is a weak inhibitor of some of these enzymes, emphasis on weak. While I cannot confirm that there will be a significant interaction, any such interaction would be dose dependent. There is a possibility inhibition of CYP3A may increase the effects of Neoral. I do think any such interaction is not likely be strong, but I would advise caution. On the other hand, resveratrol has been found to mitigate some of the side effects of Neoral
in vitro and in rodents, perhaps without affecting its other actions.
Toxicol Lett. 2001 Dec 15;125(1-3):83-91.
Inhibition of CYP3A, CYP1A and CYP2E1 activities by resveratrol and other non volatile red wine components.
Piver B, Berthou F, Dreano Y, Lucas D.
Laboratory of Biochemistry, EA 948, Faculty of Medicine and I3S, 29285, cedex, Brest, France.
Abstract
Resveratrol (RESV), present at concentrations of about 10 microM in red wine, has been found to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression. The mechanism involved could be the inhibition of activities catalyzed by cytochromes P450 (CYPs), which activate procarcinogens. This led us to investigate the inhibitory effect of RESV on CYP1A, CYP2E1 and CYP3A enzymatic activities and to compare it to that of non volatile compounds present in red wine. Red wine solids (RWS) were prepared by evaporating one volume of red wine to dryness followed by reconstitution with five volumes of buffer (20% natural strength). CYP activities were determined in microsomes from rat liver, human liver or cells containing cDNA-expressed CYPs. Testosterone, chlorzoxazone, and ethoxyresorufin were used as selective substrates for CYP3A, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1/1A2, respectively. RESV and RWS were found to be irreversible (probably mechanism-based) inhibitors for CYP3A4 and non competitive reversible inhibitors for CYP2E1. Their inhibitory potency was assessed using IC(50) values that were found within 4-150 microM for RESV and 0.3-9% natural strength for RWS. Non volatile compounds of other beverages such as white wine, grape juice or Xtra Old Cognac® displayed lower inhibitory effect on CYP activities than RWS. When considering the concentration of RESV in red wine (2 microM for 20% natural strength), it appears that RSW inhibitory effect was not only due to RESV, but also to other compounds whose identification would prove to be worthwhile because of their possible chemopreventive properties.
PMID: 11701226
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 15;323(2):668-73.
Influence of lipophilicity on the interactions of hydroxy stilbenes with cytochrome P450 3A4.
Regev-Shoshani G, Shoseyov O, Kerem Z.
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, was recently suggested to act as an irreversible, mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). We found a significant inhibition of human CYP3A4-dependent transformation of cyclosporine by resveratrol, with IC50 = 4.5 microM. We studied the kinetics parameters of CYP3A4 transformation of resveratrol and structurally related, naturally occurring stilbenes. Resveratrol, piceid, resveratroloside, 5,4'-dihydroxy-3-O-methoxystilbene, and 5,3-dihydroxy-4'-O-methoxystilbene were all shown to inhibit hydroxylation of testosterone by CYP3A4. Both methoxy-stilbenes had lower IC50 values, ranging from 0.43 to 0.47 microM, suggesting that lipophilicity rather than number or positions of free hydroxyls (3,5 or 5,4') determines the CYP3A4 inhibition capacity of polyphenols. In line with these findings, both glucosyl-stilbenes were found to be weak inhibitors of CYP3A4. The affinity of the enzyme towards methoxy-stilbenes, expressed as apparent Km, was indeed higher than those for the parent resveratrol and its glucosides, in CYP3A4 reaction mixtures. Vmax values were similar, except for piceid. These results support the role of lipophilicity in the interaction of polyphenols with CYP3A4. It is suggested that selective structural modifications of substrates add significantly to knowledge acquired through molecular modifications of the enzyme.
PMID: 15369802
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Aug;20(8):1551-8. Epub 2005 Apr 26.
Diverse effects of natural antioxidants on cyclosporin cytotoxicity in rat renal tubular cells.
Galletti P, Di Gennaro CI, Migliardi V, Indaco S, Della Ragione F, Manna C, Chiodini P, Capasso G, Zappia V.
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics F. Cedrangolo, Via Costantinopoli, 16, 80138, Napoli, Italia. patrizia.galletti@unina2.it
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As is well known, the use of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) is partially restricted by its nephrotoxic effects, which include early changes in haemodynamics followed by irreversible injuries to the renal tubules. Although the mechanisms responsible for these side effects are poorly understood, an involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested. In this study, we selected three natural antioxidants, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and vitamin E, on the basis of their scavenging capabilities, and tested their protective effects against CsA toxicity.
METHODS: Immortalized rat tubular cells (RPTc) were used as the model system. Cell viability was checked with trypan blue assay, and free radical formation was measured using the fluorescent probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). We evaluated several oxidative stress parameters, including phospholipid peroxidation products, glutathione levels and oxygenase expression.
RESULTS: Incubation of RPTc with 25 muM CsA induced a significant decrease in cell viability paralleled by intracellular ROS formation and alterations in lipid peroxidation. There was also an imbalance of glutathione redox state as well as upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The three antioxidants, at micromolar concentration, quantitatively prevented the ROS-activated DCF fluorescent signal and membrane lipid peroxidation. Both hydroxytyrosol and resveratrol strengthened the CsA induction of HO-1 expression. Moreover, vitamin E and resveratrol counteracted CsA-induced changes in the glutathione redox state via different mechanisms, whereas hydroxytyrosol was completely ineffective. Similarly, CsA-dependent nephrotoxicity was prevented by vitamin E, while resveratrol only exerted partial protection, and hydroxytyrosol showed no protective effects.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the diverse cytoprotective effects of the antioxidants tested in these studies were not directly related to their scavenging capabilities. These findings confirm a key role for glutathione in protecting cells from CsA-induced adverse effects and do not support a direct link between CsA-mediated ROS generation and adverse renal effects.
Toxicology
Volume 210, Issue 1, 15 May 2005, Pages 55-64
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.01.011
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin protects against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity through nitric oxide dependent mechanism
Vikas Chander, Naveen Tirkey and Kanwaljit Chopra,
Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
Received 16 October 2004; revised 21 December 2004; accepted 16 January 2005. Available online 19 February 2005.
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent and effective immunosuppressive agent, but its use is frequently accompanied by severe renal toxicity. The causes for the nephrotoxicity of CsA have not been fully elucidated. Intrarenal vasoconstriction induced by several different mediators, both in humans and experimental animals have been proposed. The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of resveratrol on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the possible mechanism involved in resveratrol's effect. Eight groups of rats were employed in this study, group 1 served as control, group 2 rats were treated with olive oil (vehicle for CsA), group 3 rats were treated with CsA (20 mg/kg, s.c. for 21 days), groups 4, 5 and 6 received CsA along with resveratrol (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. 24 h before and 21 days concurrently), respectively, group 7 rats were treated with NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (10 mg/kg) along with resveratrol and CsA and group 8 rats received L-NAME along with CsA. CsA administration for 21 days resulted in a marked renal oxidative stress, significantly deranged the renal functions, reduced the tissue and urine nitrite levels and markedly altered the renal morphology. Treatment with resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly improved the renal dysfunction; tissue and urine total nitric oxide levels, renal oxidative stress and prevented the alterations in renal morphology. Concurrent administration of L-NAME blocked the protective effect of resveratrol indicating that resveratrol exerts its protective effect by releasing nitric oxide. These results clearly demonstrate the pivotal role of nitric oxide in etiology of CsA nephrotoxicity and indicate the renoprotective potential of resveratrol in CsA nephrotoxicity.
Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2003 Nov;19(6):549-51.
[Effect of resveratrol alone and its combination with cyclosporin A on the immune function of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes]
[Article in Chinese]
Yu L, Wu SL, Zhang M, Pan CE.
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. Yuliang@163.com
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of resveratrol (Res) alone and its combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) on the proliferation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (hPBTCs), transformation into lymphoblasts, as well as IL-2 and INF-gamma production.
METHODS: The proliferation of hPBTCs was detected by MTT colorimetry. The lymphocyte transformation rate was examined by morphologic method. The levels of IL-2 and INF-gamma in lymphocyte culture supernatant were detected by ELISA.
RESULTS: When the concentration of resveratrol was over 2.5 mg/L, especially 10 mg/L, the proliferation and transformation rate of hPBTCs decreased significantly (P<0.05). The levels of IL-2 and INF-gamma in lymphocyte culture supernatant reduced markedly (P<0.05), on condition that the concentration of resveratrol was over 5 mg/L. The combination of more than 2.5 mg/L of resveratrol with cyclosporine A had synergism.
CONCLUSION: Resveratrol can suppress notably the proliferation and transformation of human lymphocytes and the combination of resveratrol at a given concentration with cyclosporine A can enhance immune suppression.
Note the concentration of resveratrol to achieve these results is higher than can be obtained by oral administration.