Lostfalco's Extensive Nootropic Experi...
aarfai 16 Aug 2013
I have yet to update the community since beginning TULIP so here it goes...
I have had GREAT improvements with the TULIP supplements and laser routine below. It has by far been the most significant 'nootropic' I have used. I use your every other day 3-4 mins/spot protocol for the 808nm laser. The supplements are a bit expensive however they DO work. It has been nearly 2 months on TULIP and I have experienced similar results as LF: significant increase in energy, increase in verbal fluency, increase in overall cognition with enhancements in well-being and perhaps even confidence? When speaking, I can FEEL the effects the most. For example, I sense I can take the conversation anywhere I please, in any direction. Like LF, I often find myself toning down my thoughts or vocabulary in conversations. Generally speaking, I have MUCH more access to information.
In terms of cognition, I have been using TULIP along 5mg sunifiram and 2-3g piracetam. The combination as greatly improved my DNB scores, speed reading results and analytical skills.
Supplements:
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
60 mcg Methylene Blue (cannot be used with CoQ10)
Laser:
808nm 200mW IR Laser
Edited by aarfai, 16 August 2013 - 09:37 PM.
alpal 16 Aug 2013
Hi all,
I have yet to update the community since beginning TULIP so here it goes...
I have had GREAT improvements with the TULIP supplements and laser routine below. It has by far been the most significant 'nootropic' I have used. I use your every other day 3-4 mins/spot protocol for the 808nm laser. The supplements are a bit expensive however they DO work. It has been nearly 2 months on TULIP and I have experienced similar results as LF: significant increase in energy, increase in verbal fluency, increase in overall cognition with enhancements in well-being and perhaps even confidence? When speaking, I can FEEL the effects the most. For example, I sense I can take the conversation anywhere I please, in any direction. Like LF, I often find myself toning down my thoughts or vocabulary in conversations. Generally speaking, I have MUCH more access to information.
In terms of cognition, I have been using TULIP along 5mg sunifiram and 2-3g piracetam. The combination as greatly improved my DNB scores, speed reading results and analytical skills.
Supplements:
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
60 mcg Methylene Blue (cannot be used with CoQ10)
Laser:
808nm 200mW IR Laser
Great! which eeg spots are you stimulating?
aarfai 16 Aug 2013
Hi all,
I have yet to update the community since beginning TULIP so here it goes...
I have had GREAT improvements with the TULIP supplements and laser routine below. It has by far been the most significant 'nootropic' I have used. I use your every other day 3-4 mins/spot protocol for the 808nm laser. The supplements are a bit expensive however they DO work. It has been nearly 2 months on TULIP and I have experienced similar results as LF: significant increase in energy, increase in verbal fluency, increase in overall cognition with enhancements in well-being and perhaps even confidence? When speaking, I can FEEL the effects the most. For example, I sense I can take the conversation anywhere I please, in any direction. Like LF, I often find myself toning down my thoughts or vocabulary in conversations. Generally speaking, I have MUCH more access to information.
In terms of cognition, I have been using TULIP along 5mg sunifiram and 2-3g piracetam. The combination as greatly improved my DNB scores, speed reading results and analytical skills.
Supplements:
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
60 mcg Methylene Blue (cannot be used with CoQ10)
Laser:
808nm 200mW IR Laser
Great! which eeg spots are you stimulating?
http://www.bem.fi/book/13/fi/1302a.gif
Dashwolf 17 Aug 2013
My number one recommendation here is to get both if you can. It's only $8 to $12 more to get the 48 LED array. The 96 is great for everything except the forehead (it still works here though) while the 48 is perfect for the forehead.
If you can only get one, I would get the 96.
Going to order both. Thanks for your advice.
88LS 17 Aug 2013
Throwing my 2 cents into the pot, I think the best way of enhancing cognition lies in a mix of all the most successful threads on this forum, and I think they complement TULIP very well.
1) Mr Happy's Uridine Stack (Brain building blocks, myelination and thought speed) - Did wonders for me and I can't go without it.
2) Lostfalco's TULIP - (Brain Energy) - Although I haven't received my laser yet I have been making major breakthroughs in my cognition with using the popper energy sources for the brain such as bulletproof coffee / good fats / MCT oil for ketones; internal mitochondrial enhancers such as ALCAR, ALA, Idebenone and CoQ10 for ATP; and then external mitochondrial enhancement from LLLT being my next mission
3) Noopmed's med student thread - (Overall Cognition) - The core of his stack is Ginkgo, Piracetam and Caffeine, and these work very well for me on occasion as well, at the appropriate doses. Chrono also swore by Piracetam and ALCAR.
4) Neurosteroids - (Neurogenesis) - Did a course of Cerebrolysin a while back (awesomeness), Did a course of Noopept which worked great as well, and now looking forward to try the big boss dog NSI-189
5) Abelard Lindsay's CILTEP - (LTP) - This seemed to have worked for allot of people, but it made me a bit too intense/wired to incorporate into my daily stack.
Any other thread/stacks that you think will go well with TULIP?
Rumpelstiltskin 17 Aug 2013
Now I use Forskolin, ALCAR, Piracetam, Noopept, Sunifiram, Alpha GPC, Green tea extract, Vitamine B12, Magnesium, Multi-vit, Omega 3, Rhodiola Rosea, Melatonin, Pregnenolone and Bulletproof coffee. In combination with: meditation, weight training, TDCS and building relationships with loving people.
I use alot more, but this is my core stack. I feel great and am doing great atm. In four years I went from a jobless WoW-addict to a job at a law firm. Studied law and learned German. Got a girlfriend. And feel awesome. Also I go to a therapist every 2 weeks to work on my self-esteem and to talk about my personal problems. Talking about my problems works great on my self-esteem and my personal well-being.
Thanks Lostfalco. Great topic. Great tips.
cheers.
OpaqueMind 17 Aug 2013
lostfalco 18 Aug 2013
Alzheimer's disease usually corresponds with a significant drop in cytochrome c oxidase. http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23944056 Also, a decrease in mitochondrial DNA has been shown to be one of the major biomarkers for AD. http://www.huffingto..._n_3757357.html CCO/mitochondria are the exact things that TULIP is targeting. Check out this study for info on just DHA and CoQ10 in AD. http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23942088
Therefore, TULIP enhances CCO/mitochondria, prevents neuron death, and possibly ameliorates AD.
Guys, I kinda think we may have found a cure for Alzheimer's disease...or at least found something that can massively limit symptoms. Holy motherf#@%er!
Let me know what you guys think.
http://www.huffingto..._n_3757357.html
"
The CSIC researchers showed that a decrease in the amount of
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)in CSF may indicate Alzheimer's; furthermore, there may be a real cause-effect relationship. The hypothesis is that decreased mtDNA levels in CSF reflect the diminished ability of mitochondria -- or the energy factories of the cell -- to power the brain's neurons, causing their death. The decrease in the concentration of mtDNA precedes the appearance of well-known biochemical Alzheimer's biomarkers
(the Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau proteins),suggesting that the progression of Alzheimer's starts earlier than previously thought and that mtDNA depletion may be one of the earliest signs of the disease."
Edited by lostfalco, 18 August 2013 - 12:39 AM.
Rumpelstiltskin 18 Aug 2013
The news comes at a critical time of renewed focus on this most prevalent of neurodegenerative diseases — and amid a dearth of medications that prevent, halt or reverse the increasingly common condition. Alzheimer’s afflicts 5.4 million people in the United States alone — a figure expected to nearly triple by 2050.
A combination of Leviracetam, TULIP and racetams for increasing the blood flow: probably would have interesting effects on people with Alzheimer’s. Maybe we can also add Huperzine A and Lion's mane to boost NGF. I really want to test this on someone with Alzheimer’s. As the side-effects probably couldn’t be any worse than Alzheimer's itself. Interesting. I also would like to add something like ALCAR, centrophenoxine and green tea extract.
Edited by Rumpelstiltskin, 18 August 2013 - 10:51 AM.
88LS 18 Aug 2013
DHA (supercharged as part of the Uridine Stack (Souvenaid already used for mild Alzheimer's)) + Mitochondrial enhancement via TULIP and supporting mito supps (LLLT, CoQ10, PQQ + (ALCAR, ALA, Idebenone, Creatine etc.) - as you said mito dysfunction plays a big part in Alzheimer's) + Ketones (Bulletproof coffee / MCT oil - coconut oil has even helped some people with advanced Alzheimer's) = Brain Awesomeness
In general I think anything that shows promise in treating Alzheimer's has great brain enhancing potential for even normal healthy brains.
Some I can recall are Methylene Blue (also via mito CCO pathway) and there was Ashwagandha (not sure the mechanism) there was also a mention of B12 somewhere.
Any other successful rogue Alzheimer's "cures" that come to mind?
Edited by 88LS, 18 August 2013 - 11:42 AM.
alpal 18 Aug 2013
aarfai 18 Aug 2013
OpaqueMind 18 Aug 2013
It seems intuitive that allowing the brain to optimise itself and rectify its own misfirings would be both healthier and more effective than attempting to force it into a pattern is does not naturally tend towards. Import tax on NeurOptimal would be a bitch too :( However it does seem incredibly promising, especially for my specific area of interest namely meditation... glowing reviews abound!
Podcast about neuroptimal - http://www.bulletpro...-brown-podcast/
p.s. Holy shitballs dude, I think you're on to something... my mother seems chirpier with the laser treatment, methinks its time to introduce TULIP in its totality!
Edited by OpaqueMind, 18 August 2013 - 08:30 PM.
lostfalco 18 Aug 2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23643800
“Studies in humans and various animal models of PD reveal that mitochondrial dysfunction might be a defect that occurs early in PD pathogenesis and appears to be a widespread feature in both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The general mitochondrial abnormalities linked with the disease include mitochondrial electron transport chain impairment, alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, mitochondrial DNA mutations and anomaly in calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria are vital organelles with multiple functions and their dysfunction can lead to a decline in energy production, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of stress-induced apoptosis.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/19374590
"Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) affects mainly dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, where age-related, increasing percentages of cells lose detectable respiratory activity associated with depletion of intact mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Replenishment of mtDNA might improve neuronal bioenergetic function and prevent further cell death."
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23939409
"Stimulation of mitobiogenesis in PD may inhibit rostral disease progression and appearance of secondary symptoms referable to frontal cortex."
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23937586
"Steadily growing experimental evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction to play a key role in the age-dependent impairment of nerve cells underlying several neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the citric acid cycle enzyme complex α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and respiratory chain complex I of the respiratory chain often show reduced activities in dopaminergic neurons involved in Parkinson's disease (PD), both giving rise to an impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism as demonstrated in a number of in vitro studies with cell lines as well as isolated mitochondria."
These are just a few examples...there are a lot more. Of course, I am most likely engaging in some serious confirmation bias right now but it still seems like an intriguing pathway to pursue. This is in addition to the mounting evidence for lllt's ability to facilitate recovery in stroke, TBI, depression, etc. Very interesting stuff. If anybody wants to jump into the research with me, feel free! There is SO much more.
btw, There is also evidence that enhanced mitochondrial activity reduces stress response significantly in rodents. Sounds like a potential PTSD avenue for inquiry.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23943284
"August and Wistar-which possess different resistance to emotional stress and hypoxia. It was established that the respiration rate and efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation were higher in August rats than in Wistar ones. In August rats, the rate of potassium transport and ATP-dependent mitochondrial swelling as well as the concentration of the ion in the mitochondrial matrix were almost twice as higher comparatively to those parameters in Wistar rats."
Also, Rhett Syndrome.
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/22750529
"Therefore, targeting cellular redox balance might qualify as a potential pharmacotherapeutic approach to improve neuronal network function in Rhett syndrome."
Ok, sorry! I'm done for now. These are just interesting ideas and avenues for inquiry. Who knows if any of it will work? Only experiment after experiment can tease out real world effects in humans. Reality is always WAY more complex than our simple brains can anticipate...especially mine. If you're a scientist, please let us know if you pursue these avenues. =)
Edited by lostfalco, 18 August 2013 - 08:35 PM.
gwern 18 Aug 2013
In terms of cognition, I have been using TULIP along 5mg sunifiram and 2-3g piracetam. The combination as greatly improved my DNB scores, speed reading results and analytical skills.
Could you post your DNB score log (IIRC, in '.brainworkshop/data/stats.txt'), your speed reading timings/accuracies, and dates of TULIP/sunifiram/piracetam doses?
VP. 18 Aug 2013
Hey guys, I've been doing some research the past few weeks and I wanted to show you guys something. I probably shouldn't do this but my excitement is getting the best of me. If any of you have feedback and/or critique...I'd love to hear it. I am ALWAYS open to being wrong. Obviously, extensive testing and experimentation are going to be required in coming years. I'm gonna keep this VERY bare bones just to keep things clear. Here goes.
Alzheimer's disease usually corresponds with a significant drop in cytochrome c oxidase. http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23944056 Also, a decrease in mitochondrial DNA has been shown to be one of the major biomarkers for AD. http://www.huffingto..._n_3757357.html CCO/mitochondria are the exact things that TULIP is targeting. Check out this study for info on just DHA and CoQ10 in AD. http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23942088
Therefore, TULIP enhances CCO/mitochondria, prevents neuron death, and possibly ameliorates AD.
Guys, I kinda think we may have found a cure for Alzheimer's disease...or at least found something that can massively limit symptoms. Holy motherf#@%er!
Let me know what you guys think.
http://www.huffingto..._n_3757357.html
"The CSIC researchers showed that a decrease in the amount of
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)in CSF may indicate Alzheimer's; furthermore, there may be a real cause-effect relationship. The hypothesis is that decreased mtDNA levels in CSF reflect the diminished ability of mitochondria -- or the energy factories of the cell -- to power the brain's neurons, causing their death. The decrease in the concentration of mtDNA precedes the appearance of well-known biochemical Alzheimer's biomarkers
(the Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau proteins),suggesting that the progression of Alzheimer's starts earlier than previously thought and that mtDNA depletion may be one of the earliest signs of the disease."
This is the very latest research on possible cause of Alzheimers, c1q. http://med.stanford....ust/barres.html
http://alfinnextleve...-age-dementias/
MasterHerb 18 Aug 2013
Edited by MasterHerb, 18 August 2013 - 10:38 PM.
rikelme 18 Aug 2013
Just waiting on my laser http://www.aliexpres.../413744150.html and I will give TULIP a go!
MasterHerb, how do you plant to power this laser? Just a plain 12v power supply? That's the problem with these ebay/aliexpress lasers modules... they don't have a constant current powering them. The constant current (not the voltage) is what is important to get a constant power from the diode. Also, IR LEDs that I bought from aliexpress very cheaply, lack the spec which would show what current should they be powered at.
830nm IR LEDs from a reputable manufacturer cost from $0.46 and $1 for 2500+ and 1 pcs respectively. With AT LEAST ~300 LEDs needed for a decent all-around-the-head helmet + power supply + harness + helmet itself, we are looking into $300 - $400 price range for a very powerful (300 x 180mw = 54W) helmet. I guess it would be a good idea to put some LEDs as close to 620nm, 680nm and 760nm wavelength which has been shown to be best absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase.
MasterHerb 18 Aug 2013
Just waiting on my laser http://www.aliexpres.../413744150.html and I will give TULIP a go!
MasterHerb, how do you plant to power this laser? Just a plain 12v power supply? That's the problem with these ebay/aliexpress lasers modules... they don't have a constant current powering them. The constant current (not the voltage) is what is important to get a constant power from the diode. Also, IR LEDs that I bought from aliexpress very cheaply, lack the spec which would show what current should they be powered at.
830nm IR LEDs from a reputable manufacturer cost from $0.46 and $1 for 2500+ and 1 pcs respectively. With AT LEAST ~300 LEDs needed for a decent all-around-the-head helmet + power supply + harness + helmet itself, we are looking into $300 - $400 price range for a very powerful (300 x 180mw = 54W) helmet. I guess it would be a good idea to put some LEDs as close to 620nm, 680nm and 760nm wavelength which has been shown to be best absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase.
It runs on a 3V battery....is that bad?
Edited by MasterHerb, 19 August 2013 - 12:21 AM.
rikelme 19 Aug 2013
It runs on a 3V battery....is that a bad?
I don't know... that's the problem. My 808nm 200mW ebay laser runs on 5V. The thing is, without a precise current control, laser output is unpredictable. That's why lostfalco's ebay laser power oscillates between 170 and 200mW. I guess the same thing is happening with mine but I don't have a laser power measurement equipment to confirm it.
Major Legend 19 Aug 2013
Hi all,
I have yet to update the community since beginning TULIP so here it goes...
I have had GREAT improvements with the TULIP supplements and laser routine below. It has by far been the most significant 'nootropic' I have used. I use your every other day 3-4 mins/spot protocol for the 808nm laser. The supplements are a bit expensive however they DO work. It has been nearly 2 months on TULIP and I have experienced similar results as LF: significant increase in energy, increase in verbal fluency, increase in overall cognition with enhancements in well-being and perhaps even confidence? When speaking, I can FEEL the effects the most. For example, I sense I can take the conversation anywhere I please, in any direction. Like LF, I often find myself toning down my thoughts or vocabulary in conversations. Generally speaking, I have MUCH more access to information.
In terms of cognition, I have been using TULIP along 5mg sunifiram and 2-3g piracetam. The combination as greatly improved my DNB scores, speed reading results and analytical skills.
Supplements:
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
http://www.amazon.co...0?ie=UTF8&psc=1
60 mcg Methylene Blue (cannot be used with CoQ10)
Laser:
808nm 200mW IR Laser
May I ask what laser you are using? :P
Edited by Major Legend, 19 August 2013 - 03:48 AM.
lostfalco 19 Aug 2013
Thanks for posting man!This is the very latest research on possible cause of Alzheimers, c1q. http://med.stanford....ust/barres.html
http://alfinnextleve...-age-dementias/
The main studies posted on mitochondrial dysfunction and C1q are BOTH very recent. =) http://www.huffingto..._n_3757357.html 8/14/13 while http://med.stanford....ust/barres.html 8/13/13. They present two interesting theories which could be mutually exclusive, complimentary, independent, dependent, etc. The cause/s of AD could also be something TOTALLY different as could the cure/symptom ameliorator. That's what experiments are for. =)
Additionally, treatments are related to causes but are also different. I think that if someone has tried EVERYTHING else and is about to slip into an irrecoverable brain damaged state...a $40-$60 dollar experiment might be worth a try. Who knows if it would help or not...but it's not completely insane (though maybe partially, ha).
As previously posted:
“Together, these studies suggest that upregulation of BDNF with LLLT by activation of ERK/CREB pathway can ameliorate Aβ-induced neurons loss and dendritic atrophy, thus identifying a novel pathway by which LLLT protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Our research may provide a feasible therapeutic approach to control the progression of AD."
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23946409
Edited by lostfalco, 19 August 2013 - 04:28 AM.
lostfalco 19 Aug 2013
http://www.intechope...eimer-s-disease
Mr Matsubayashi 19 Aug 2013
http://www.earlightswindle.com/
Lostfalco, in one of your posts you alluded to your typing speed being limited by mechanical constraints, try changing your keyboard layout to Dvorak.
http://en.wikipedia....Keyboard_layout
I read all reviews on LLLT and TULIP, I'm convinced that there is something going on with PQQ and CoQ10, not entirely convinced on the laser. I'll do some safety reading on PQQ and CoQ10, give it a go and then integrate the laser later. I will stop all current supplements and attempt to keep a consistent diet.
I also excelled most of the information from this thread pertinent to LLLT and TULIP against the results matrix developed for Cerebrolysin. This was mostly for my benefit but in any case here it is:
http://www.filedropp...itysummarymacro
File will
I'm loving the energy in this thread :p
Edited by Mr Matsubayashi, 19 August 2013 - 11:47 AM.
lostfalco 19 Aug 2013
Very cool! I look forward to hearing your results.Someone here mentioned the valkee ear LED device, I think this one has been busted.
http://www.earlightswindle.com/
Lostfalco, in one of your posts you alluded to your typing speed being limited by mechanical constraints, try changing your keyboard layout to Dvorak.
http://en.wikipedia....Keyboard_layout
I read all reviews on LLLT and TULIP, I'm convinced that there is something going on with PQQ and CoQ10, not entirely convinced on the laser. I'll do some safety reading on PQQ and CoQ10, give it a go and then integrate the laser later. I will stop all current supplements and attempt to keep a consistent diet.
I also excelled most of the information from this thread pertinent to LLLT and TULIP against the results matrix developed for Cerebrolysin. This was mostly for my benefit but in any case here it is:
http://www.filedropp...itysummarymacro
File willbedeletedSelf Destruct after 30 days.
I'm loving the energy in this thread :p
lostfalco 19 Aug 2013
Unfortunately, I've only had time to use it a handful of times so far. I haven't really given it a fair go yet. I'll let you know when I do.Hey LF, I read in a link you posted a little while ago that you went ahead and invested in a neurofeedback machine... I too am looking into this area as it seems quite promising, and I'm also heavily into meditation - NFB seems like a promising catalyst for deepening states of consciousness. How has your experience been so far?
lostfalco 19 Aug 2013
Sounds good man. Was that $20 for all three modules?Just waiting on my laser http://www.aliexpres.../413744150.html and I will give TULIP a go!
MasterHerb 19 Aug 2013
Sounds good man. Was that $20 for all three modules?Just waiting on my laser http://www.aliexpres.../413744150.html and I will give TULIP a go!
No just one is included
lostfalco 19 Aug 2013
I'm with you man...whatever works to either cure or limit symptoms of this horrible disease.You are definitely onto something there Lostfalco, the study provides the core but why not take it even further:
DHA (supercharged as part of the Uridine Stack (Souvenaid already used for mild Alzheimer's)) + Mitochondrial enhancement via TULIP and supporting mito supps (LLLT, CoQ10, PQQ + (ALCAR, ALA, Idebenone, Creatine etc.) - as you said mito dysfunction plays a big part in Alzheimer's) + Ketones (Bulletproof coffee / MCT oil - coconut oil has even helped some people with advanced Alzheimer's) = Brain Awesomeness :-D
In general I think anything that shows promise in treating Alzheimer's has great brain enhancing potential for even normal healthy brains.
Some I can recall are Methylene Blue (also via mito CCO pathway) and there was Ashwagandha (not sure the mechanism) there was also a mention of B12 somewhere.
Any other successful rogue Alzheimer's "cures" that come to mind?
For healthy brains, I've kind of been thinking about it this way lately. This is simply a conceptual tool so don't take it too literally. As I mentioned before I generally think of humans as 'continually expressing information patterns'. The information is very fundamental and consists of our genome, epigenome, etc. Hence, my focus on HDAC2 inhibitors, Russian peptides, my 'exposome', etc.
The other half of the equation is 'continually expressing'. In order to be expressed, an information pattern needs energy. The information needs 'the ability to do work'...otherwise, it would just sit there (well, not entirely...but for our conceptual purposes). Thus, my present focus. How can I get energy into my system? E is pretty important, just ask the greatest mc of all time, Einstein. (my goal with that sentence was to write the worst pun in history...I think I just pulled it off. On behalf of everyone who endured it, I just punched myself in the mouth. =))
I'm not sure how much most people know about mitochondria, so please forgive me if this is extremely common knowledge. Two of the major foci of people on these forums is hormone optimization and neurotransmitter optimization. Mitochondria contribute to synthesizing both. Additionally, mitochondria are dynamic, constantly changing entities (they fuse, divide, change shape, etc.). We have huge opportunities here to optimally recreate ourselves.
Sorry about the long quotes below!
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23628605
“Mitochondria are essential sites for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Mitochondria in the steroidogenic cells of the adrenal, gonad, placenta and brain contain the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc, and its two electron-transfer partners, ferredoxin reductase and ferredoxin. This enzyme system converts cholesterol to pregnenolone and determines net steroidogenic capacity, so that it serves as the chronic regulator of steroidogenesis."
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23711354
"In neurons, mitochondria are enriched to provide energy and calcium buffering required for synaptic transmission. Additionally, mitochondria localize to the synapse, where they are critical for the mobilization of reserve pool vesicles and for neurotransmitter release. Previously, functional defects in mitochondria were considered to be downstream effects of neurodegenerative diseases. However, more recent findings suggest mitochondria may serve as key mediators in the onset and progression of some types of neurodegeneration."
http://www.ncbi.nlm....pubmed/23906661
"Human choline dehydrogenase (CHD) is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria primarily in liver and kidney and catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine. Its physiological role is to regulate the concentrations of choline and glycine betaine in the blood and cells. Choline is important for regulation of gene expression, the biosynthesis of lipoproteins and membrane phospholipids and for the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine..."
Edited by lostfalco, 19 August 2013 - 04:00 PM.